scholarly journals Random-Access Accelerator (RAA): A Framework to Speed Up the Random-Access Procedure in 5G New Radio for IoT mMTC by Enabling Device-To-Device Communications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5485
Author(s):  
Abel Rodriguez Medel ◽  
Jose Marcos C. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Network Access ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Gain Access

Mobile networks have a great challenge by serving the expected billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the upcoming years. Due to the limited simultaneous access in the mobile networks, the devices should compete between each other for resource allocation during a Random-Access procedure. This contention provokes a non-depreciable delay during the device’s registration because of the great number of collisions experienced. To overcome such a problem, a framework called Random-Access Accelerator (RAA) is proposed in this work, in order to speed up network access in massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). RAA exploits Device-To-Device (D2D) communications, where devices with already assigned resources act like relays for the rest of devices trying to gain access in the network. The simulation results show an acceleration in the registration procedure of 99%, and a freed space of the allocated spectrum until 74% in comparison with the conventional Random-Access procedure. Besides, it preserves the same device’s energy consumption compared with legacy networks by using a custom version of Bluetooth as a wireless technology for D2D communications. The proposed framework can be taken into account for the standardization of mMTC in Fifth-Generation-New Radio (5G NR).

scholarly journals Formal Verification of Authentication and Service Authorization Protocols in 5G-Enabled Device-to-Device Communications Using ProVerif

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Ed Kamya Kiyemba Edris ◽  
Mahdi Aiash ◽  
Jonathan Loo
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Pi Calculus ◽  
Authentication And Authorization

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications will be used as an underlay technology in the Fifth Generation mobile network (5G), which will make network services of multiple Service Providers (SP) available anywhere. The end users will be allowed to access and share services using their User Equipments (UEs), and thus they will require seamless and secured connectivity. At the same time, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) will use the UE to offload traffic and push contents closer to users relying on D2D communications network. This raises security concerns at different levels of the system architecture and highlights the need for robust authentication and authorization mechanisms to provide secure services access and sharing between D2D users. Therefore, this paper proposes a D2D level security solution that comprises two security protocols, namely, the D2D Service security (DDSec) and the D2D Attributes and Capability security (DDACap) protocols, to provide security for access, caching and sharing data in network-assisted and non-network-assisted D2D communications scenarios. The proposed solution applies Identity-based Encryption (IBE), Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) and access control mechanisms for authentication and authorization procedures. We formally verified the proposed protocols using ProVerif and applied pi calculus. We also conducted a security analysis of the proposed protocols.

scholarly journals Filtering Methods for Efficient Dynamic Access Control in 5G Massive Machine-Type Communication Scenarios

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Leyva-Mayorga ◽  
Miguel Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Vicent Pla ◽  
Jorge Martinez-Bauset
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Machine Type ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Configuration Scheme

One of the three main use cases of the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) is massive machine-type communications (mMTC). The latter refers to the highly synchronized accesses to the cellular base stations from a great number of wireless devices, as a product of the automated exchange of small amounts of data. Clearly, an efficient mMTC is required to support the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Nevertheless, the method to change from idle to connected mode, known as the random access procedure (RAP), of 4G has been directly inherited by 5G, at least, until the first phase of standardization. Research has demonstrated the RAP is inefficient to support mMTC, hence, access control schemes are needed to obtain an adequate performance. In this paper, we compare the benefits of using different filtering methods to configure an access control scheme included in the 5G standards: the access class barring (ACB), according to the intensity of access requests. These filtering methods are a key component of our proposed ACB configuration scheme, which can lead to more than a three-fold increase in the probability of successfully completing the random access procedure under the most typical network configuration and mMTC scenario.

scholarly journals Spectrum Management Schemes for Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) Devices in 5G Networks via GEO Satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbolahan Aiyetoro ◽  
Pius Owolawi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Network Access ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Iot Devices

The rapid growth of not just mobile devices but also Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced a new paradigm in mobile networks. This evolution and the continuous need to provide spectrum efficient, high data rates, low latency, and low energy consumption radio access networks have led to the emergence of fifth generation (5G) networks. Due to technical and economical limitations, the satellite air interface is expected to complement the 5G terrestrial air interface in the provision of 5G services including IoT communications. More importantly, it is on this premise that the 5G satellite air interface is expected to provide network access to IoT devices in rural and remote areas termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). While this remains an interesting solution, several radio resource management issues exist. One of them, spectrum management, in the 5G satellite as it affects IoRT communications, remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate and recommend the spectrum management scheme that will be most suitable not only for Human-to-Human communications but also Machine-to-Machine communications in 5G satellite networks. In order to conduct this investigation, a new dynamic scheduling scheme that will be suitable for such a scenario is proposed in this paper. The investigation is conducted through simulations, using throughput, delay, spectral efficiency, and fairness index as the performance metrics.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Based Transmission Algorithm for Mobile Device-to-Device Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Won Ban ◽  
Woongsup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Radio Resource Management ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Radio Resource ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Mobile Caching

Recently, device-to-device (D2D) communications have been attracting substantial attention because they can greatly improve coverage, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency, compared to conventional cellular communications. They are also indispensable for the mobile caching network, which is an emerging technology for next-generation mobile networks. We investigate a cellular overlay D2D network where a dedicated radio resource is allocated for D2D communications to remove cross-interference with cellular communications and all D2D devices share the dedicated radio resource to improve the spectral efficiency. More specifically, we study a problem of radio resource management for D2D networks, which is one of the most challenging problems in D2D networks, and we also propose a new transmission algorithm for D2D networks based on deep learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN). A CNN is formulated to yield a binary vector indicating whether to allow each D2D pair to transmit data. In order to train the CNN and verify the trained CNN, we obtain data samples from a suboptimal algorithm. Our numerical results show that the accuracies of the proposed deep learning based transmission algorithm reach about 85%∼95% in spite of its simple structure due to the limitation in computing power.

scholarly journals Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejoon Jung ◽  
In-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
High Data ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Fully Connected

We consider device-to-device (D2D) communications in millimeter-wave (mm Wave) for the future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. While the mm Wave systems can support multiple D2D pairs simultaneously through beamforming with highly directional antenna arrays, the mm Wave channel is significantly more susceptible to blockage compared to microwave; mm Wave channel studies indicate that if line-of-sight (LoS) paths are blocked, reliable mm Wave communications may not be achieved for high data-rate applications. Therefore, assuming that an outage occurs in the absence of the LoS path between two wireless devices by obstructions, we focus on connectivity of the mm Wave D2D networks. We consider two types of D2D communications: direct and indirect schemes. The connectivity performances of the two schemes are investigated in terms of (i) the probability to achieve a fully connected network PFC and (ii) the average number of reliably connected devices γ. Through analysis and simulation, we show that, as the network size increases, PFC and γ decrease. Also, PFC and γ decrease, when the blockage parameter increases. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the hybrid direct and indirect scheme can improve both PFC and γ up to about 35% compared to the nonhybrid scheme.

NB-IoT for 5G

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-372
Author(s):  
Laxmi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
High Data ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
New Applications

It is expected that internet of things (IoT) will deal with the major activities in the connected living environment as well as the industrial processes. All these aspects are going to be real in the frameworks of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. 5G-based narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) networks have the capability to serve various innovative IoT applications at a great extent. NB-IoT is third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized low power wide area (LPWA) technology which is designed for IoT devices requiring long battery life, low cost, worldwide coverage, and high system capacity. To improve the performance, 3GPP has agreed that the NB-IoT will continue evolving as part of the 5G specifications. NB-IoT along with 5G will work in several connected living applications. This combination will also be very useful in the industrial environments which need high data rates and low latency. All these features will be supported by 5G in the future. Similarly, applications with low data rates in the IoT world will be supported by NB-IoT. So 5G and NB-IoT are going to be a popular combination for several new applications.

Spectrum Sharing for D2D Communications in Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-196
Author(s):  
Devendra Singh Gurjar ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Channel Parameters

In this chapter, the authors discuss various spectrum sharing techniques to enable device-to-device (D2D) communications over the licensed spectrum. First, they highlight the need of spectrum sharing in fifth-generation (5G) wireless and mobile networks. Then, they formulate the expressions of useful performance metrics e.g., outage probability, achievable sum-rate, and spectral efficiency of these schemes to refine physical layer design aspects. To give a better picture, they deduce some major practical scenarios where these techniques can play a crucial role in deploying future generation wireless networks. They also cover relevant literature on the spectrum sharing and D2D communications. Numerical and simulation results are provided to elucidate the effect of various system/channel parameters on the considered spectrum sharing schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels.

scholarly journals Enabling Grant-Free URLLC: An Overview of Principle and Enhancements by Massive MIMO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ding ◽  
Mahyar Nemati ◽  
Shiva Pokhrel ◽  
Ok-Sun Park ◽  
Jinho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Radio Resources

<div>Enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) with stringent requirements for transmitting data packets (e.g., 99.999% reliability and 1 millisecond latency) presents considerable challenges in uplink transmissions. For each packet transmission over dynamically allocated network radio resources, the conventional random access protocols are based on a request- rant scheme. This induces excessive latency and necessitates reliable control signalling, resulting overhead. To address these problems, grant-free (GF) solutions are proposed in the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In this paper, an overview and vision of the state-of-the-art in enabling GF URLLC are presented. In particular, we first provide a comprehensive review of NR specifications and techniques for URLLC, discuss underlying principles, and highlight impeding issues of enabling GF URLLC. Furthermore, we explain two key phenomena of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) (i.e., channel hardening and favorable propagation) and build several deep insights into how celebrated mMIMO features can be exploited to enhance the performance of GF URLLC. Moving further ahead, we examine the potential of cell-free (CF) mMIMO and analyze its distinctive features and benefits over mMIMO to resolve GF URLLC issues. Finally, we identify future research directions and challenges in enabling GF URLLC with CF mMIMO.</div>

scholarly journals Enabling Grant-Free URLLC: An Overview of Principle and Enhancements by Massive MIMO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ding ◽  
Mahyar Nemati ◽  
Shiva Pokhrel ◽  
Ok-Sun Park ◽  
Jinho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Radio Resources ◽  
Grant Scheme

<div>Enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) with stringent requirements for transmitting data packets (e.g., 99.999% reliability and 1 millisecond latency) presents considerable challenges in uplink transmissions. For each packet transmission over dynamically allocated network radio resources, the conventional random access protocols are based on a request-grant scheme. This induces excessive latency and necessitates reliable control signalling, resulting overhead. To address these problems, grant-free (GF) solutions are proposed in the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In this paper, an overview and vision of the state-of-the-art in enabling GF URLLC are presented. In particular, we first provide a comprehensive review of NR specifications and techniques for URLLC, discuss underlying principles, and highlight impeding issues of enabling GF URLLC. Furthermore, we briefly explain two key phenomena of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) (i.e., channel hardening and favorable propagation) and build several deep insights into how celebrated mMIMO features can be exploited to enhance the performance of GF URLLC. Moving further ahead, we examine the potential of cell-free (CF) mMIMO and analyze its distinctive features and benefits over mMIMO to resolve GF URLLC issues. Finally, we identify future research directions and challenges in enabling GF URLLC with CF mMIMO.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>A new version of the paper has been updated on 21/08/2021</div>

scholarly journals Enabling Grant-Free URLLC: An Overview of Principle and Enhancements by Massive MIMO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ding ◽  
Mahyar Nemati ◽  
Shiva Pokhrel ◽  
Ok-Sun Park ◽  
Jinho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Radio Resources

<div>Enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) with stringent requirements for transmitting data packets (e.g., 99.999% reliability and 1 millisecond latency) presents considerable challenges in uplink transmissions. For each packet transmission over dynamically allocated network radio resources, the conventional random access protocols are based on a request- rant scheme. This induces excessive latency and necessitates reliable control signalling, resulting overhead. To address these problems, grant-free (GF) solutions are proposed in the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In this paper, an overview and vision of the state-of-the-art in enabling GF URLLC are presented. In particular, we first provide a comprehensive review of NR specifications and techniques for URLLC, discuss underlying principles, and highlight impeding issues of enabling GF URLLC. Furthermore, we explain two key phenomena of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) (i.e., channel hardening and favorable propagation) and build several deep insights into how celebrated mMIMO features can be exploited to enhance the performance of GF URLLC. Moving further ahead, we examine the potential of cell-free (CF) mMIMO and analyze its distinctive features and benefits over mMIMO to resolve GF URLLC issues. Finally, we identify future research directions and challenges in enabling GF URLLC with CF mMIMO.</div>

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