scholarly journals Aerodynamic and Structural Design of a 2022 Formula One Front Wing Assembly

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Castro ◽  
Zeeshan A. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Finite Elements Analysis ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Formula One ◽  
Front Wing

The aerodynamic loads generated in a wing are critical in its structural design. When multi-element wings with wingtip devices are selected, it is essential to identify and to quantify their structural behaviour to avoid undesirable deformations which degrade the aerodynamic performance. This research investigates these questions using numerical methods (Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite Elements Analysis), employing exhaustive validation methods to ensure the accuracy of the results and to assess their uncertainty. Firstly, a thorough investigation of four baseline configurations is carried out, employing Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the k-ω SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model to analyse and quantify the most important aerodynamic and structural parameters. Several structural configurations are analysed, including different materials (metal alloys and two designed fibre-reinforced composites). A 2022 front wing is designed based on a bidimensional three-element wing adapted to the 2022 FIA Formula One regulations and its structural components are selected based on a sensitivity analysis of the previous results. The outcome is a high-rigidity-weight wing which satisfies the technical regulations and lies under the maximum deformation established before the analysis. Additionally, the superposition principle is proven to be an excellent method to carry out high-performance structural designs.

scholarly journals A Miniature Four-Channel Ion Trap Array Based on Non-silicon MEMS Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xichi Lu ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Rujiao Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Mass Resolution ◽  
Miniature Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
The Relationship

With the increasing application field, a higher requirement is put forward for the mass spectrometer. The reduction in size will inevitably cause a loss of precision; therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-performance miniature mass spectrometer. Based on the researches of rectangular ion trap, the relationship between mass resolution and structural parameters of the ion trap array was analyzed by further simulation. The results indicate that, considering the balance of mass resolution and extraction efficiency, the preferable values for the field radius of exit direction y0 and ion exit slot width s0 are 1.61 mm and 200 μm, respectively. Afterwards, a miniature four-channel ion trap array (MFITA) was fabricated, by using MEMS and laser etching technology, and mass spectrometry experiments were carried out to demonstrate its performance. The mass resolution of butyl diacetate with m/z = 230 can reach 324. In addition, the consistency of four channels is verified within the error tolerance, by analyzing air samples. Our work can prove the correctness of the structural design and the feasibility of MEMS preparation for MFITA, which will bring meaningful guidance for its future development and optimization.

scholarly journals Exploring the Structure–Performance Relationship of Sulfonated Polysulfone Proton Exchange Membrane by a Combined Computational and Experimental Approach

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Cataldo Simari ◽  
Mario Prejanò ◽  
Ernestino Lufrano ◽  
Emilia Sicilia ◽  
Isabella Nicotera
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Hydration Number ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Sulfonated Polysulfone

Sulfonated Polysulfone (sPSU) is emerging as a concrete alternative to Nafion ionomer for the development of proton exchange electrolytic membranes for low cost, environmentally friendly and high-performance PEM fuel cells. This ionomer has recently gained great consideration since it can effectively combine large availability on the market, excellent film-forming ability and remarkable thermo-mechanical resistance with interesting proton conductive properties. Despite the great potential, however, the morphological architecture of hydrated sPSU is still unknown. In this study, computational and experimental advanced tools are combined to preliminary describe the relationship between the microstructure of highly sulfonated sPSU (DS = 80%) and its physico-chemical, mechanical and electrochemical features. Computer simulations allowed for describing the architecture and to estimate the structural parameters of the sPSU membrane. Molecular dynamics revealed an interconnected lamellar-like structure for hydrated sPSU, with ionic clusters of about 14–18 Å in diameter corresponding to the hydrophilic sulfonic-acid-containing phase. Water dynamics were investigated by 1H Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy in a wide temperature range (20–120 °C) and the self-diffusion coefficients data were analyzed by a “two-sites” model. It allows to estimate the hydration number in excellent agreement with the theoretical simulation (e.g., about 8 mol H2O/mol SO3− @ 80 °C). The PEM performance was assessed in terms of dimensional, thermo-mechanical and electrochemical properties by swelling tests, DMA and EIS, respectively. The peculiar microstructure of sPSU provides a wider thermo-mechanical stability in comparison to Nafion, but lower dimensional and conductive features. Nonetheless, the single H2/O2 fuel cell assembled with sPSU exhibited better features than any earlier published hydrocarbon ionomers, thus opening interesting perspectives toward the design and preparation of high-performing sPSU-based PEMs.

scholarly journals Revisiting Surface-Subsurface Exchange at Intertidal Zone with a Coupled 2D Hydrodynamic and 3D Variably-Saturated Groundwater Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Ben R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Flow Equations

A new high-performance numerical model (Frehg) is developed to simulate water flow in shallow coastal wetlands. Frehg solves the 2D depth-integrated, hydrostatic, Navier–Stokes equations (i.e., shallow-water equations) in the surface domain and the 3D variably-saturated Richards equation in the subsurface domain. The two domains are asynchronously coupled to model surface-subsurface exchange. The Frehg model is applied to evaluate model sensitivity to a variety of simplifications that are commonly adopted for shallow wetland models, especially the use of the diffusive wave approximation in place of the traditional Saint-Venant equations for surface flow. The results suggest that a dynamic model for momentum is preferred over diffusive wave model for shallow coastal wetlands and marshes because the latter fails to capture flow unsteadiness. Under the combined effects of evaporation and wetting/drying, using diffusive wave model leads to discrepancies in modeled surface-subsurface exchange flux in the intertidal zone where strong exchange processes occur. It indicates shallow wetland models should be built with (i) dynamic surface flow equations that capture the timing of inundation, (ii) complex topographic features that render accurate spatial extent of inundation, and (iii) variably-saturated subsurface flow solver that is capable of modeling moisture change in the subsurface due to evaporation and infiltration.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Porous RGO/PEDOT/PANI Hybrid for Planar/Linear Supercapacitor with Outstanding Flexibility and Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuwei Liu ◽  
Luoyuan Xie ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Cotton Yarn ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Good Rate Capability ◽  
Electrodes For Supercapacitors

AbstractMany hybrid electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) are a reckless combination without proper structural design that keeps them from fulfilling their potential. Herein, we design a reduced graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polyaniline (RGO/PEDOT/PANI) hybrid with hierarchical and porous structure for high-performance SCs, where components fully harness their advantages, forming an interconnected and conductive framework with substantial reactive sites.Thus, this hybrid achieves a high capacitance of 535 F g−1 along with good rate capability and cyclability. The planar SC based on this hybrid deliver an energy density of 26.89 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. The linear SC developed via modifying a cotton yarn with the hybrid exhibits good flexibility and structural stability, which operates normally after arbitrary deformations. This work provides a beneficial reference for developing SCs.

The effect of element strength assignment on the torsional response of stiffness-eccentric systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-662
Author(s):  
George K. Georgoussis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Torsional Response ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Storey Building

Building structures of low or medium height are usually designed with a pseudostatic approach using a base shear much lower than that predicted from an elastic spectrum. Given this shear force, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the element strength assignment (as determined by several building codes) on the torsional response of inelastic single-storey eccentric structures and to provide guidelines for minimizing this structural behaviour. It is demonstrated that the expected torque about the centre of mass (CM) may be, with equal probability, positive (counterclockwise) or negative (clockwise). This result means that the torsional strength should also be provided in equal terms in both rotational directions, and therefore the base shear and torque (BST) surface of a given system must be symmetrical (or approximately symmetrical). In stiffness-eccentric systems, appropriate BST surfaces may be obtained when a structural design is based on a pair of design eccentricities in a symmetrical order about CM, and this is shown in representative single-storey building models under characteristic ground motions.

Research on CFD Simulation of the Cement Slurry Mixer

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Shui Ping LI ◽  
Ya Li Yuan ◽  
Lu Gang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Fluid Machinery ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Machinery Design

Numerical simulation method of the internal flow field of fluid machinery has become an important technology in the study of fluid machinery design. In order to obtain a high-performance cement slurry mixer, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are used to simulate the flow field in the mixer, and the simulation results are studied. According to the analysis results, the structural parameters of the mixer are modified. The results show the mixer under the revised parameters meet the design requirements well. So CFD analysis method can shorten design period and provide valuable theoretical guidance for the design of fluid machinery.

On Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Alfonsi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbulent Shear ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Performance Computing

The direct numerical simulation of turbulence (DNS) has become a method of outmost importance for the investigation of turbulence physics, and its relevance is constantly growing due to the increasing popularity of high-performance-computing techniques. In the present work, the DNS approach is discussed mainly with regard to turbulent shear flows of incompressible fluids with constant properties. A body of literature is reviewed, dealing with the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations, results obtained from the simulations, and appropriate use of the numerical databases for a better understanding of turbulence physics. Overall, it appears that high-performance computing is the only way to advance in turbulence research through the front of the direct numerical simulation.

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