scholarly journals Development of a Methodology and Software Package for Predicting the Formation of Organic Deposits Based on the Results of Laboratory Studies

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Pavel Ilushin ◽  
Kirill Vyatkin ◽  
Alexander Menshikov
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Organic Deposits ◽  
Over Time

One of the main problems in the oil industry is the fallout of asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits (ARPDs) during oil production and transportation. The formation of organic deposits leads to reduced equipment life and reduced production. Currently, there is no single methodology for the numerical simulation of the ARPD dropout process. The aim of our work was to obtain a correlation dependence characterizing the rate of wax growth over time for oils in the Perm Krai, depending on temperature, pressure, and speed conditions. Experimental data for 20 oil samples were obtained using a Wax Flow Loop installation that simulates fluid movement in tubing. The developed correlation was tested in 154 wells. The results of numerical modeling of the paraffin precipitation process made it possible to correct the inter-treatment period of scraping for 109 wells (71%), indicating the high accuracy of the developed approach.

scholarly journals Development of an Approach for Determining the Effectiveness of Inhibition of Paraffin Deposition on the Wax Flow Loop Laboratory Installation

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pavel Ilushin ◽  
Kirill Vyatkin ◽  
Anton Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cold Finger ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Selection Of

The formation of wax deposits is a common phenomenon in the production and transportation of formation fluids. On the territory of the Perm Krai, this problem occurs in half of the mining funds. One of the most common and promising methods of dealing with these deposits is the use of inhibitor regents. The most popular technique for assessing the effectiveness of a wax inhibitor is the «Cold Finger», which has a number of significant drawbacks. This work presents a number of methods for assessing the effectiveness of inhibition of paraffin formation on the laboratory installation «WaxFlowLoop». A number of laboratory studies have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of a paraffin deposition inhibitor for inhibiting the paraffin formation process of four target fluids. Verification of the obtained values was carried out by comparing them with the field data. As a result of laboratory studies, it was found that the value of the inhibitor efficiency, determined by the «Cold Finger» method, differs from the field data by an average of 2 times. At the same time, the average deviation of the results determined at the «WaxFlowLoop» installation from the field data is 8.1%. The correct selection of a paraffin deposition inhibitor and its dosage can significantly increase the inter-treatment period of the well, thereby reducing its maintenance costs and increasing the efficiency of well operation.

scholarly journals A quantitative framework reveals ecological drivers of grassland microbial community assembly in response to warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daliang Ning ◽  
Mengting Yuan ◽  
Linwei Wu ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Xue Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Ecology ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Null Model ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Unraveling the drivers controlling community assembly is a central issue in ecology. Although it is generally accepted that selection, dispersal, diversification and drift are major community assembly processes, defining their relative importance is very challenging. Here, we present a framework to quantitatively infer community assembly mechanisms by phylogenetic bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP). iCAMP shows high accuracy (0.93–0.99), precision (0.80–0.94), sensitivity (0.82–0.94), and specificity (0.95–0.98) on simulated communities, which are 10–160% higher than those from the entire community-based approach. Application of iCAMP to grassland microbial communities in response to experimental warming reveals dominant roles of homogeneous selection (38%) and ‘drift’ (59%). Interestingly, warming decreases ‘drift’ over time, and enhances homogeneous selection which is primarily imposed on Bacillales. In addition, homogeneous selection has higher correlations with drought and plant productivity under warming than control. iCAMP provides an effective and robust tool to quantify microbial assembly processes, and should also be useful for plant and animal ecology.

Are staged dyadic encounters useful for studying aggressive behaviour of arvicoline rodents?

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Harper ◽  
George O. Batzli
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Over Time

We investigated the aggressiveness of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in dyadic encounters staged in different types of arena trials to determine if responses differed (i) between neutral arena trials conducted in the laboratory and resident–intruder trials conducted in the field, (ii) between trials staged before and after 3 months of isolation from social contact, (iii) between voles reared in the laboratory and voles reared in the field, and (iv) among trials staged with the same individual over time. Though rodents are usually expected to be more aggressive on their own home range, female prairie voles tended to be more aggressive in neutral arenas. Males showed no difference in aggression between trials held in neutral arenas and trials held in arenas placed in their home ranges. Aggressiveness was not affected by 3 months of isolation for either males or females, suggesting that recent social cues may not strongly influence aggressive behaviour in this species. Voles reared in the laboratory were significantly more aggressive than those reared in enclosed field populations, which suggests that direct comparisons of field and laboratory studies of aggressive behaviour may be suspect. Individuals showed little change in aggressiveness when tested over several weeks in three trials with different opponents. We conclude that encounters staged in arenas provide standardized estimates of aggressiveness that are robust to differences in testing procedures and are repeatable over time. Therefore, their continued use seems warranted for studying aggressive behaviour of voles and lemmings.

scholarly journals .QSAR-QMMM Cryptographic Mining on Chern-Simons Topologies for the generation of a Ligand Targeting SARS-COV-2 D614G Binding Sites.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Chern Simons ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Abstract SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the viral spike (S) encoding a SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation protein predominate over time in locales revealing the dynamic aspects of its key viral processes where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. It has also been observed that retroviruses infected ACE2-expressing cells pseudotyped with SG614 that is presently affecting a growing number of countries markedly more efficiently than those with SD614. In this paper, we strongly combine topology geometric methods targeting at the atomistic level the protein apparatus of the SARS-COV-2 virus that are simple in machine learning anti-viral characteristics, to propose computer-aided rational drug design strategies efficient in computing docking usage, and powerful enough to achieve very high accuracy levels for this in-silico effort for the generation of the AI-Quantum designed molecule of GisitorviffirnaTM, Roccustyrna_gs1_TM, and Roccustyrna_fr1_TM ligands with Preferred IUPAC Names of (7aR)‐5‐amino‐N‐[(S)‐ {2‐[(S)‐[(E)‐(amino methylidene)amino](cyano)methyl]hydrazin‐1‐yl} (aziridin‐1‐yl)phosphoryl]‐ 1‐[(2E)‐2‐ [(fluoromethanimidoyl) imino]acetyl]‐7‐oxo‐1H,7H,7aH‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐3‐carboxamide; N‐{[(2‐ amino‐6‐oxo‐6,9‐dihydro‐1H‐purin‐9‐yl)amino]({1‐[5‐({[cyano({1‐[(diamino methylidene)amino] ethenyl})amino]oxy}methyl)‐3,4‐dihydroxyoxolan‐2‐yl]‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl}formamido)phosphoryl}‐6‐fluoro‐3,4‐dihydropyrazine‐2‐carboxamide;[3‐(2‐amino‐5‐sulfanylidene‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐3‐yl)oxaziridin‐2‐yl]({3‐sulfanylidene‐1,2,4,6‐tetraazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐6‐yl})phosphoroso1‐(3,4,5‐trifluorooxolan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylate targeting the COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation using Chern-Simons Topology Euclidean Geometric in a Lindenbaum-Tarski generated QSAR automating modeling and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Predictive Neural Networks.

scholarly journals Controlled-release Potassium Fertilizers for Turfgrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Snyder ◽  
John L. Cisar
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
K Release ◽  
Over Time

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the K retention properties of several resin-coated (RC), sulfur-coated (SC), and plastic-coated (PC) K fertilizers. Substantial differences in K release were found among the controlled-release K materials, based both on the K content of `Tifgreen' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burt-Davvy] clippings and on direct measurement of K remaining in fertilizer granules in the field over time. One SC material appeared to release K too rapidly, and one RC material appeared to release K too slowly to be useful for providing extended plant-available K to turfgrass. The other sources appeared to have release characteristics that would be favorable for turfgrass maintenance. Because differences in K release were observed among the sources, a laboratory method for assessing K release would be useful. Toward this-end, models were developed relating K retention of sources in hot water (70C) to K retention under field conditions.

Cyclonic Separation Technology for Sand Management – Challenges and New Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Shaffee ◽  
M. Faizal Che Daud ◽  
Maung Maung Myo Thant ◽  
Rohaizad M. Norpiah
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flows ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Particle Separation ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
New Development ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Cyclonic devices are ubiquitous in industrial processes and have been used for particle separation for decades. However, designing a highly efficient, compact cyclone for erratic flow conditions and particles of varying types, sizes and density remains a challenge. This paper aims to present the challenges, lessons learnt and recent development in cyclone technology for solid separation. Primarily, a discussion on typical cyclonic desander geometries is conducted. Failures and sub-optimal operation of cyclonic wellhead desanders within the company are analysed, and subsequently the failure mechanisms and factors leading to inefficiencies are identified. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and flow loop testing are further performed to verify the particle separation efficiency and quantify the erosion risks of the typical cyclone geometries. The typical cyclonic geometries are considerably less efficient in multiphase-flows compared to the gas-solid or liquid-solid flows. As a result, the overflow section of the cyclone often contains particles larger than the design specification. Changing operating envelope over time, for example, reducing production and changing flow regime affects cyclone efficiency over time. Based on a systematic analysis of the desander failures in the fields, a few design improvements have been proposed to overcome these limitations, resulting in a novel technology. This new cyclonic technology with multiple barrier system can successfully maintain the 98% target removal of 10microns particle under erratic multiphase-flows conditions. Furthermore, it can be designed to handle various types of particles e.g., sands, HgS and other solids. The versatility of this system provides promising technology for ageing fields with excessive solids production.

Geophysical research of the rock massif in underground mine conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
T. F. Kharisov ◽  
V. V. Mel’nik ◽  
O. D. Kharisova ◽  
A. L. Zamjatin
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Structural Inhomogeneities ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Radar Sensing

Geophysical methods of research of rock mass are one of the most effective ways of solving various problems in mining and are widely used in mining, gas and oil industry, as well as in science. They allow remote search and assessment works, detection of structural inhomogeneities, voids, contact zones of various media in the rock mass with sufficient high accuracy. The article presents research and comparative analysis of geophysical methods of geophysical sensing and spectral seismo-profiling in underground mine conditions with determination of permissible tasks for which these methods are capable. In complex geophysical studies, methods of spectral seismo-profiling and geo-radar sensing in underground mine conditions have been applied. Measurements were made to search for different objects and at different angles to the object being searched. The use of geophysical methods made it possible to detect the metal shelf under the bulked rock mass with the separation of the boundaries of two tiers of the shelf during vertical measurements. In the process of searching for the underlying excavation in the mass during vertical geophysical measurements, which were carried out 20 meters from the shaft, a change in spectrum density at a depth of about 55 m was detected, which coincides with the actual location of the required mine working. The results of the search for caverns in the rock mass, when taking measurements at an angle to the object sought, showed the absence of sufficiently explicit boundaries of the caverns.

Important Considerations for RPA 201772 Utility

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivative ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to examine certain characteristics of RPA 201772 and how they may affect its utility.14C-RPA 201772 was used to determine the stability of RPA 201772 in various pH spray solutions over time. After 24 h, degradation of RPA 201772 was 20, 36, and 93% in spray solutions adjusted to pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0, respectively. The major metabolite was diketonitrile (DKN), which is herbicidally active. In addition, 9 and 15% of the RPA 201772 had degraded into an inactive benzoic acid derivative at pH 7.0 and 10.0, respectively. The differences in herbicidal activity of RPA 201772 and its metabolite DKN were also evaluated. Corn seeds and velvetleaf seeds readily imbibed RPA 201772, but only low levels of DKN were imbibed. Preemergence (applications of RPA 201772 and DKN were equally active on corn and velvetleaf. Further studies determined that the principal sites of uptake of RPA 201772 by corn was roots and seeds for four different corn hybrids. Another study determined that light was required for RPA 201772 activity. Corn shoots from seeds germinated under 14 h of light exhibited rate-dependent injury, while corn germinated and grown in the darkness was not injured.

Effect of SAN 582 on sethoxydim efficacy in johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Over Time

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of SAN 582 on the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of sethoxydim in johnsongrass and soybean.14C-sethoxydim absorption in johnsongrass and soybean was enhanced 4 h after application when tank mixed with SAN 582. Absorption in johnsongrass increased from 18% with14C-sethoxydim applied alone to 65% when applied with SAN 582. Absorption in soybean increased from 30% with14C-sethoxydim applied alone to 83% when applied with SAN 582. The addition of crop oil concentrate also enhanced foliar absorption of14C-sethoxydim. Eight hours after application, foliar absorption in johnsongrass increased from 22% with14C-sethoxydim applied alone to 61% when14C-sethoxydim was applied with crop oil concentrate. Foliar absorption in soybean increased from 38% with14C-sethoxydim applied alone to 59% when14C-sethoxydim was applied with crop oil concentrate. When14C-sethoxydim was applied in combination with crop oil concentrate and SAN 582, foliar absorption was 84% or more in both johnsongrass and soybean 4 h after application and did not increase over time. Minor differences in translocation were observed, but these differences were not sufficient to account for the increase in foliar activity observed when SAN 582 is tank mixed with sethoxydim. SAN 582 did not affect metabolism of sethoxydim in either species. Based on these data, it appears that SAN 582 increases the efficacy of sethoxydim by enhancing foliar absorption.

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