Integrative surveillance of cattle welfare at the abattoir level: Risk factors associated with liver condemnation, severe hoof disorders, carcase bruising and high muscle pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407
Author(s):  
N Losada-Espinosa ◽  
LX Estévez-Moreno ◽  
M Bautista-Fernández ◽  
H Losada ◽  
GA María ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production System ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
System Variables

Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, any monitoring system for slaughter animals should comprise an integrative vision that facilitates animal welfare and food safety assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors as possible causes for liver condemnations, hoof disorders, bruise prevalence, and the quality of beef carcases under commercial operating conditions in Mexico. Data were recorded for 143 journeys encompassing 1,040 commercial cattle, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy production systems. Details on journey distance, vehicle type, cattle type, and animals' origin were gathered from abattoir reports. We found that carcase bruising (41%) and hoof disorders (43.9%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the production system. Variables such as cattle type and production system influenced liver condemnations; old bulls extensively raised were more prone to present parasitosis such as Fasciola hepatica. Transportation conditions (journey distance, vehicle type) and cattle type might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in the evaluated animals. Multivariable logistic regression showed that animals' origin was a potential risk factor for severe bruising and high muscle pH, with cull dairy cows getting the most serious damage. In general, cattle transport conditions were factors that showed interactions with three of the evaluated indicators (severe hoof injuries, carcase bruising, meat pH24h). Our study shows the need to implement integrative surveillance to identify risk factors according to the production system from which the animals originate. With this information it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate specific cattle welfare problems.

Evaluation on Explicit Coupling Between Reservoir Simulators and Production System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos von Hohendorff Filho ◽  
Denis José Schiozer
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Forecast ◽  
Group Management ◽  
Reservoir Simulator ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Operating Constraints ◽  
Management Alternatives

Various methodologies to model the coupling of reservoirs and production systems have been applied in the oil industry in recent years due to the need to model properly the integrated solution of models that represent the flow of fluids through the reservoir to the surface. These methodologies are used to solve the production forecast of multiple reservoirs, sharing production platforms with limited production e injection capacities ruled by complex production systems. They can be grouped into two basic types: implicit and explicit coupling methodologies. Explicit methodology can be an efficient choice to integrate simulations because allows coupling adequate simulators to model the whole system and also to grant flexibility in study of well management alternatives. However, it is necessary to test this type of procedure to check the quality of the results. Therefore, a validation study of explicit coupling methodology is presented in this work where the production system is tested on common operating conditions during production and injection of fluids, verifying benefits and limitations of explicit methodology. Some methods for improving the explicit response are proposed and evaluated. An example of application verifies the gain of flexibility in well prioritization by the group management obtained by use of an external methodology for reservoir simulator. The explicit coupling, as implemented, has shown a satisfactory result for the integration between the simulators, honoring all operating constraints set in evaluation cases. Some correction methodologies are necessaries to obtain stabilized results.

scholarly journals Better Animal Feeding for Improving the Quality of Ruminant Meat and Dairy

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez ◽  
Alberto Horcada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Ruminant Meat ◽  
High Yields

The quality of meat and dairy products can be evaluated from the perspective of the farmer seeking high yields and profits or the consumer for whom sensory characteristics are the most important, although health and ethical aspects, such as animal welfare and the environmental impact of the production system, are increasingly becoming concerns worldwide [...]

scholarly journals Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Pietrosemoli ◽  
Clara Tang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

A review of published literature was conducted to identify pasture pig production system features that pose risks to animal welfare, and to develop recommendations aimed at improving the wellbeing of the animals managed in those systems. Pasture pig production systems present specific challenges to animal welfare that are inherent to the nature of these systems where producers have little room to make improvements. However, these systems present other challenges that could be reduced with a carefully designed system, by adopting appropriate management strategies and by avoiding management practices that are likely to negatively affect animal wellbeing. In pasture pig production systems, exposure to extreme temperatures, potential contact with wildlife and pathogens (especially parasites), vulnerability to predators, risk of malnutrition, pre-weaning piglet mortality, complexity of processes for monitoring and treating sick animals, and for cleaning and disinfection of facilities and equipment are among the main threats to animal welfare.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of goat's milk obtained under different production systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kyozaire ◽  
C.M. Veary ◽  
I-M. Petzer ◽  
E.F. Donkin
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

In order to determine the safety of milk produced by smallholder dairy goat farms, a farm-based research study was conducted on commercial dairy goat farms to compare the microbiological quality of milk produced using 3 different types of dairy goat production systems (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive). A survey of dairy goat farms in and around Pretoria carried out by means of a questionnaire revealed that most of the smallholder dairy goat farms surveyed used an extensive type of production system. The method of milking varied with the type of production system, i.e. machine milking; bucket system machine milking and hand-milking, respectively. Udder half milk samples (n=270) were analysed, of which 31.1 % were infected with bacteria. The lowest intra-mammary infection was found amongst goats in the herd under the extensive system (13.3 %), compared with 43.3 % and 36.7 % infection rates under the intensive and semi-intensive production systems, respectively. Staphylococcus intermedius (coagulase positive), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus simulans (both coagulase negative), were the most common cause of intramammary infection with a prevalence of 85.7 % of the infected udder halves. The remaining 14.3 % of the infection was due to Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriology of bulk milk samples on the other hand, showed that raw milk obtained by the bucket system milking machine had the lowest total bacterial count (16 450 colony forming units (CFU)/mℓ) compared to that by pipeline milking machine (36 300 CFU/mℓ) or handmilking (48 000 CFU/mℓ). No significant relationship was found between the somatic cell counts (SCC) and presence of bacterial infection in goat milk. In comparison with the herds under the other 2 production systems, it was shown that dairy goat farming under the extensive production system, where hand-milking was used, can be adequate for the production of safe raw goat milk.

Evaluation of Explicit Coupling Between Reservoir Simulators and Production System

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos von Hohendorff Filho ◽  
Denis José Schiozer
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Production System ◽  
Numerical Stability ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Flow Through

In recent years, the oil industry has used various methodologies to solve numerical coupling of reservoirs and production systems to properly model complex projects needing an integrated solution of computational models that represent the fluid flow through the reservoir up to the surface. We present a study of explicit coupling methodology testing the production system on common operating conditions, verifying the benefits and quantifying limitations of explicit methodology, due to numerical stability errors reported in literature.

scholarly journals The welfare status of hens in different housing systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka ◽  
Iwona Skomorucha ◽  
Eugeniusz Herbut
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production System ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Economic Profit ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Poultry Farming

Abstract The currently used poultry farming methods, which aim to maximise economic profit, are based on ever new technological solutions that improve flock management and increase bird performance. However, they do not always meet the natural needs of birds. Every housing method and technological solution currently in use is faced with some issues, such as social stress, adverse temperature/humidity conditions, risk of zoonoses, and behavioural pathologies, which determine poultry performance and welfare. Disregard for animal welfare involves not only ethical but also practical aspects, because well-being and housing comfort translate into better weight gains, health and productivity of the birds. The studies reported here suggest that every production system, despite the many welfare-improving aspects, causes numerous behavioural, productivity and health abnormalities in laying hens. Therefore, further research is needed to identify various risk factors for the purpose of improving housing systems and increasing the welfare of hens.

scholarly journals Characteristics and challenges of the modern Belgian veal industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pardon ◽  
B. Catry ◽  
R. Boone ◽  
H. Theys ◽  
K. De Bleecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Specific Diet ◽  
Minimum Quality

In this paper, the modern Belgian veal industry is situated in a European context, and an overview is provided of the major past, present and future challenges for veal production. The production of white veal requires a specific diet and housing conditions to assure a controlled iron anemic state resulting in pale carcasses. In response to the increasing public concern about animal welfare, legal limits for hemoglobin (in 1990), the provision of a minimum quality of solid feed to assure ruminal health and group housing from the age of eight weeks on (in 2007), have been implemented sector-wide. The integrated structure of the sector likely made it possible to realize these radical changes at relatively short notice. Despite the pioneers role the veal industry played in the development of quality labels for food safety and all efforts made towards improved nutrition and housing, the veal production remains highly liable to public criticism on welfare issues. Nowadays, especially the intensive antimicrobial use in relation to high levels of antimicrobial resistance in commensal, pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria in veal calves is strongly criticized. The future challenge lies in the development of veal production systems, which require only few antibiotics, but safeguard animal welfare and revenue.

OPTIMAL INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT MODELS FOR SYSTEMS WITH INCREASING MINIMAL REPAIR COST

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIPAK CHAUDHURI ◽  
OTHMAN MOHAMMED
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Corrective Action ◽  
Expected Profit ◽  
Programming Formulation ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Minimal Repair ◽  
Long Time

Production systems are generally subjected to failures, which are not self-announcing. These failures may not bring the system to a complete halt but may cause its malfunction, which would affect the quality of output. Inspections at intervals are required to detect such failures. After a failure, the system would continue to produce degraded output unless corrective action (minimal repair) is taken after detecting the failure during inspection. These minimal repairs do not bring the system to "as good as new" condition, but restore its condition to the level prior to the failure. A replacement/overhaul of the system after operation for a long time will make it "as good as new." The paper presents optimal inspection models for such a production system. The system is replaced or overhauled at predetermined times, marking the end of a cycle, while inspections are periodically done within a cycle. An entire output during an interval is scrapped, if inspection reveals a failure during the interval. Dynamic programming formulation has been used to optimize expected profit per cycle. The model is suitable when prior sales commitments exist and failure of the system is not self-announcing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Beef Production System on the Health, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Holstein Bulls

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rutherford ◽  
Alan W. Gordon ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Francis O. Lively
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of production system on the health, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of autumn born (AB) and spring born (SB) Holstein bulls. The study involved a total of 224 Holstein bulls and was conducted over two years (2017/18, 2018/19). The four production system treatments differed during the grower period and consisted of: (i) grazed with no concentrate supplementation (G), (ii) grazed with 2 kg concentrate supplementation per day (G2), (iii) grazed with ad libitum access to concentrates (GA) and (iv) housed with ad libitum access to concentrates and grass silage (HA). All bulls were finished on ad libitum concentrates and grass silage and were slaughtered at a mean age of 15.5 months. Total grower dry matter intake (DMI) (p < 0.001) and total finishing DMI (p < 0.001) differed between production systems for both AB and SB bulls, with that of GA bulls being the greatest in both cases. Average daily gain (ADG) during the grower period was greatest (p < 0.001) for the HA production system in the AB bulls and the GA and HA production systems for the SB bulls. However, during the finishing period, G bulls had the greatest (p < 0.001) ADG of the AB bulls, while that of the SB bulls was from the G2 production system (p < 0.001). For both AB and SB, bulls on the GA and HA production systems produced heavier cold carcass weights than the G and G2 bulls (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in health, carcass conformation, fat classification, or meat quality between production systems.

scholarly journals The Effect of Production System and Finish Weight on Carcass and Meat Quality of Kivircik Lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-538
Author(s):  
Bulent Ekiz ◽  
Alper Yilmaz ◽  
Hulya Yalcintan ◽  
Akin Yakan ◽  
Omur Kocak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
L Value ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Kg Medium

AbstractFifty-two male Kivircik lambs were used to investigate the influences of finish weight (LOW: 25–26 kg, MEDIUM: 30–31 kg and HIGH: 35–36 kg) and production system (CON: concentrate-based system, PAS: pasture-based system) on carcass and meat quality characteristics. CON lambs (n=27) were weaned at 76 d of age and then finished on concentrate feed and alfalfa hay until slaughter. PAS lambs (n=25) grazed on native pasture in the day-time and sucked their dams until slaughter. CON group grew 30% faster during the experimental period; therefore significantly fewer days were required to reach the target weight. CON lambs had higher cold carcass weight, cold dressing percentage, and produced fattier carcasses compared with those of PAS system. PAS lambs had lower meat lightness values than CON ones. CON system produced more tender meat than PAS system in terms of shear force and sensory evaluation results. Intramuscular fat of the PAS lambs had higher percentage of ∑PUFA and ∑n-3 PUFA, and lower n-6/n-3 ratio than that of CON ones. Finish weight had no influence on dressing percentage and carcass fatness. Meat of HIGH lambs had lower L* value than other groups. Panellists gave lower scores to meat of MEDIUM lambs for tenderness when compared with other groups. In conclusion, CON system might be considered to obtain higher carcass dressing, lighter meat colour and more tender meat, while PAS system had an advantage of lower n-6/n-3 ratio and of higher ∑n-3 PUFA percentage. PAS lambs had lower fatness level than CON ones. Therefore, if priority is given to fatty acid composition and carcass with lower fat, PAS system might be considered. Finish weight of 35–36 kg might be preferred to increase lamb production, without any adverse effect on carcass and meat quality in both of the production systems.

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