scholarly journals Quality and Safety Assessment of Edible Seaweeds Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima Cultivated in Scotland

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Anastasia E. Lytou ◽  
Eirini Schoina ◽  
Yunge Liu ◽  
Kati Michalek ◽  
Michele S. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Edible Seaweeds ◽  
Alaria Esculenta ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Within Europe over the last 10 years, there has been an increase in seaweeds cultivated for human consumption. For food safety reasons, it is important to assess the microbiological and nutritional quality of the biomass. The fresh and dried edible seaweeds Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima were assessed over two consecutive years for the presence of microorganisms. Seaweed samples supplied from Scotland were stored under isothermal conditions for specific time intervals depending on the sample’s condition (fresh, dried or rehydrated). During storage, microbiological analyses were performed for the enumeration of Total Viable Counts (TVC), Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus spp., as well as yeasts and molds. Additionally, bacterial colonies from the Marine Agar growth medium were isolated and subjected to PCR-RAPD analysis for characterization of the bacterial diversity of seaweeds. Bacterial isolates with different fingerprint patterns were further subjected to sequencing (16S rDNA, V1–V4 region). The presence of human pathogenic bacteria was also investigated. Results showed that the initial population of TVC was differentiated depending on the year of seaweed harvest, being closer to the enumeration limit (1.0 log CFU/g) in fresh samples from 2020 and higher in samples from 2019 (6.7 and 3.9 log CFU/g in A. esculenta and S. latissima, respectively). DNA-based analysis revealed the presence of Psychrobacter, Cobetia and Pseudomonas species in A. esculenta, while Psychrobacter and Micrococcus species were present in S. latissima.

scholarly journals Volumetric Quantification and Quality of Water Stored in a Mining Lake: A Case Study at Reocín Mine (Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Noemí Barral ◽  
Raúl Husillos ◽  
Elena Castillo ◽  
Manuel Cánovas ◽  
Elizabeth J. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
New Business ◽  
Volumetric Quantification ◽  
Zinc Mine ◽  
Iron Manganese

This study deals with the potential use of water stored in a lake formed by Reocín’s old zinc mine, which has become the second most important reservoir in Cantabria, with a flow of 1300 L s−1. The methodology used is based on the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characterization of the area studied. A total of 16 piezometers were installed to monitor the amount and quality of water. Results obtained show a pH close to 8 and iron, manganese, zinc, and sulphate concentrations lower than 0.05 mg L−1, 0.05 mg L−1, 1.063 mg L−1, and 1305.5 mg L−1, respectively. The volume of the water stored in the lake amounts to 34 hm3. Measurements show that Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations are below the limits acceptable for human consumption, according to the Spanish 0.2, 0.05, and 5.0 mg L−1 standards, respectively, while sulphate greatly exceeds the 250 mg L−1 limit accepted by the norm. Therefore, the water could be apt for human consumption after a treatment appropriate for decreasing the sulphate level by, for example, reverse osmosis, distillation, or ion exchange. Although industrial and energy uses are possible, the lake water could be utilized as a geothermal energy source. The management of the hydric resources generated when a mine is closed could improve the economic and environmental conditions of the zone, with all the benefits it brings about, thus allowing for compensating of the pumping cost that environmental protection entails, creating, at the same time, a new business opportunity for the company that owns the mine.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Street Vended Food Pani Puri Available in Janakpurdham, Dhanusha

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Satyam Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objectives: To determine the level of bacterial contamination in food (Panipuri) available in market of Janakpur, Dhanusha, Nepal. Methods: Total 120 samples of Panipuri (60 solid matters and 60 masalaa Pani) collected aseptically from the market were transported to the microbiology laboratory and processed for microbial count by serial dilution technique. Microbial load and presence of pathogen were detected in each sample. Results: Analysis of the food samples revealed that 70% of Panipuri samples had high loads of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp.  Conclusion: This study depicted that the street vended food Panipuri of Janakpur are highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria which can cause health risk to consumers. Thus, it is suggested that regular monitoring of the quality of street foods must be practiced to avoid any food bone illness in future.

scholarly journals Microbiological and physicochemical quality of some water points in the Nkolafamba Subdivision (Center Region, Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-834
Author(s):  
O. V. Noah Ewoti ◽  
A. Tamsa Arfao ◽  
S.D. Baleng ◽  
L.M. Moungang ◽  
C.S. Metsopkeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Center Region

A study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the microbiological and physicochemical quality of surface water in the  Nkolafamba subdivision, Center Region of Cameroon. Five sampling points were selected based on several criteria. The bacteria isolated were Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria (BHAM), bacteria that were witnesses to faecal contamination and Pseudomonas. Some abiotic parameters were measured using the usual techniques. The results show that some physicochemical parameters such as temperature was almost constant around 25 °C during the study period. There is also a pH which tended towards neutrality pH de (7,04 ± 1,03 U.C). However, it was noted that the stations are quite oxygenated (63,96%). Bacteriological analyzes revealed that an average value of 5.17 units (logUFC / 100mL) was recorded for BHAM. Overall, the abundances of total coliforms averaged 4.18 units (logUFC / 100mL). The waters of Nkolafamba also harbor a pathogenic microflora, with bacteria such as P. aeruginosa P. pasteurella, the abundance of which can sometimes reach 5,462 units (log CFU / 100mL). These germs can be the cause of eye infections or septicemia on users of these waters. These waters have a high bacterial load, and the microbiological pollution observed is predominantly animal. Some abiotic parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Suspended Solid (SS), nitrates and turbidity have influenced the distribution of these germs. The degradation of the quality of these waters is favoured by their proximity to sources of pollution, the runoff of contaminated water in the stations. These waters, without any treatment, are not recommended for human consumption according to the standards of the World Health Organization.Keywords: Abiotic variables, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, pathogenic bacteria, rivers.

scholarly journals MICRORGANISMOS PATOGÊNICOS E INDICADORES EM QUEIJO DE COALHO PRODUZIDO NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DE FÁTIMA BORGES ◽  
TEREZINHA FEITOSA ◽  
RENATA TIEKO NASSU ◽  
CELLI RODRIGUES MUNIZ ◽  
ÉRIKA HARDY FRANCO DE AZEVEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
High Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

Avaliou-se a qualidade higiênico-sanitária de 43 amostras de queijo de coalho produzidas em diferentes microrregiões do estado do Ceará. Bolores e leveduras foram detectados em 100% das amostras de queijos, com contagem variando de 1,7 x 104 a 1,6 x 109 UFC/g. Todas as amostras apresentaram coliformes totais e fecais, com confirmação de Escherichia coli em 93,1% das mesmas. Foi verificada a presença de Estafilococos coagulase positiva em 93,1% das amostras de queijos, com contagens variando de 1,0 x 101 a 2,0 x 109 UFC/g. Apenas 2,3% das amostras encontravam-se de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos vigentes para essa bactéria. A presença de Salmonella foi constatada em 34,9% das amostras de queijos. Listeria sp . foi detectada em 6,9% das amostras, com confirmação de L. monocytogenes em 2,3% dessas. A elevada população de bolores e leveduras (observada em 100% das amostras de queijos de coalho) indicou deficiência nos procedimentos de higiene e sanitização das amostras, caracterizando-as como produto em condições higiênicas insatisfatórias. A alta concentração de estafilococos coagulase positiva e de coliformes fecais (aproximadamente 90% das amostras) caracterizou os queijos como produto em condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. Queijos de coalho oriundos das cinco microrregiões do Ceará envolvidas no estudo não apresentaram segurança alimentar, visto que a maioria continha estafilococos coagulase positiva, L. monocytogenes e Salmonella. A presença dessas duas últimas bactérias permitiu classificar os queijos como produtos impróprios para consumo humano. PATHOGENIC AND INDICATOR MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM “COALHO”CHEESE PRODUCED IN THE CEARÁ STATE, BRAZIL Abstract The hygienic-sanitary quality of 43 “coalho” cheese samples produced in different regions of the Ceará state was evaluated. Yeasts and molds were detected in 100% of the samples, varying from 1.7 x 104 to 1.6 x 109 CFU/g. All of the samples presented total and faecal coliforms with confirmation of Escherichia coli in 93.1% of the samples. Positive coagulase staphylococci were observed in 93,1% of the samples with countings ranging from 1.0 x 101 to 2.0 x 109 CFU/g. Only 2.3% of the samples were in accordance with the actual microbiological patterns for this bacteria. Presence of Salmonella was confirmed in 34.9% of the cheese samples. Listeria sp . was detected in 6.9% of the samples and posterior confirmation of L. monocytogenes in 2.3% of the samples. The elevated population of yeasts and molds (observed in 100% of the samples) indicated deficiency in the hygiene and sanitation proceedings becoming characterized as “product at unsatisfactory hygienic conditions”. The high population of positive coagulase staphylococci characterized the cheeses as “product at unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions”. “Coalho” cheeses originated from five regions of Ceará state involved in this study did not present food safety, mainly because of the presence of positive coagulase staphylococci, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella. The presence of the two last bacteria permitted to classify the cheeses as inappropriate to the human consumption.

Microbiological Quality of Chilled Beef Carcasses in Northern Ireland: A Baseline Survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN A. MURRAY ◽  
ARTHUR GILMOUR ◽  
ROBERT H. MADDEN
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

To standardize the assessment of the hygienic quality of beef carcasses in Northern Ireland (NI) abattoirs, swabbing techniques were evaluated. Six materials, including two commercially produced swabs, were compared for their ability to recover spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and for their ease of use as carcass swabs. A sponge retailed for domestic use was selected on the basis of efficiency of recovery of microorganisms, ease of use, and cost. On sample carcasses, 1,000 cm2 of the brisket was swabbed, since this site is normally readily contaminated. For 9 months, 420 carcasses in seven of the nine European Union–approved abattoirs in NI were sampled while in the chiller (24 to 48 h after kill). Total viable count (TVC), yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated after incubation at 22 (48 h) and 37°C (48 h), and the results were expressed as log CFU/cm2. The mean TVC results at 22 and 37°C were 2.80 ± 0.70 and 2.75 ± 0.64, respectively. Although 63% of samples had yeasts that grew at 22°C, only 35% were positive at 37°C. The respective mean yeast counts were 1.12 ± 0.59 and 0.46 ± 0.51. Enterobacteriaceae were present in 15% of samples at 22°C and 21% of samples at 37°C. The mean counts for positive samples were 0.41 ± 0.37 and 0.40 ± 0.30, respectively. Molds were found in less than 4% of samples. Given that the brisket is normally one of the most heavily contaminated parts of the carcass, these results suggest that good hygienic practices are in operation in NI abattoirs. The results also enabled the abattoirs with the cleanest carcasses to be identified, hence permitting best practices to be found.

Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida da RessurreiÇão Brandão ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Maria Tereza da Silva Neta ◽  
Rhyan Barros Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Passos Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae

ABSTRACTThe microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaKPC) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterobacteria in the oysters from urban estuaries, which is indicative of poor water quality. In addition, our detection of the eaeA and stxA2 virulence genes in 16.7% of E. coli isolates from oysters from this region suggests the presence of multiantibiotic-resistant enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. During periods of low precipitation, increased contamination by E. coli (in winter) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in autumn) was observed. In contrast, cultivated oysters inhabiting monitored farms in preserved areas had low levels of bacterial contamination, emphasizing that oyster culture monitoring enhances food quality and makes oysters fit for human consumption. Distinct antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in bacteria isolated from oysters collected from different areas, including resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the blaTEM gene in 91.3% of oyster samples indicated that microorganisms in estuarine water conferred the capability to produce β-lactamase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify and detect β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in oysters. We believe our study provides baseline data for bacterial dynamics in estuarine oysters; such knowledge contributes to developing risk assessments to determine the associated hazards and consequences of consuming oysters from aquatic environments containing pathogenic bacteria that may possess antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality and Antibacterial Activity of Herbal Medicines

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Bibha Shah ◽  
Nabaraj Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Use of herbal medicine faces constraint particularly imparting knowledge in identifying whether a product is microbiologically fit for health or not. There has been relatively less research on microbial quality of the herbal medicines in Nepal. In this context, this research has focused on microbial quality of different herbal medicines. A total of twenty one herbal medicines were collected from different sales outlet of Kathmandu. The microbial load in herbal medicine was determined by aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Out of twenty one herbal medicines analyzed, all were found free from pathogenic bacteria and indicator organism of fecal contamination. However , Bacillus spp. were isolated from ten herbal medicines. The microbial load on Nutrient Agar was found within the range of 1.20x103- 6.06x105 cfu/ ml (or g). Altogether six different Bacillus spp were identified and the most predominant was Bacillus subtilis. In vitro antibacterial activity of the herbal medicines, from which microorganisms were not detected, were determined against six test bacteria by cup plate method. Out of eleven different herbal medicines, five showed the zone of inhibition against all test bacteria and at least two test bacteria were inhibited by each of the herbal medicines. The highest zone of inhibition was 30 mm shown by Chitrakaharitaki Churna of concentration 100mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 191-196 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7735

scholarly journals Assessment of microbiological quality and safety of fermented and non-fermented Khmer Rice Noodles in Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ek Sopheap ◽  
Yasuhiro Inatsu ◽  
Sharmin Zaman ◽  
Borarin Buntong
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Study Results

Fermented and non-fermented Khmer rice noodles is produced basically from indica rice, a popular food item and most important nutrition sources along with an integral part of rural household’s food security of Cambodian population. This study was done to evaluate the microbiological quality of fermented and non-fermented Khmer rice noodle samples sold throughout the country. In total, 75 Khmer rice noodle samples, (23 fermented and 52 nonfermented) were collected from five local varieties (Nom-Banhchok, Nom-Banhhoy, Koyteavkat, Lotchhar and Koyteav) and three locations (Kandal province, Siem Reap province and Phnom Penh city) of Cambodia. The study results showed that irrespective of sample location, all the fermented and non-fermented rice noodle samples analyzed were either contaminated with faecal origin bacteria (Enterococcus spp., and coliform), or faecal indicator bacteria including Escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria including, Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. Of the fermented rice noodles about 74% and 98% of non-fermented rice noodles was found contaminated with all the above mentioned bacteria. In addition, 30% samples were found contaminated with Klebsiella pneumonia spp. Furthermore, among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, three isolates TM-K5-3, OM-L4 and DM-KK3-2 was seen producing protein A (aggregated polysaccharide specific immune latex strongly), positive clumping factor production and harbored type six coagulase gene and among the B. cereus strains, 12 B. cereus, isolates was seen produced enterotoxin, which may cause severe diarrhea and one B. cereus (DM-NB1) isolate was found harbored CRS gene, which may produce emetic toxin, unsafe for human consumption. Therefore, strong regulatory monitoring should be established in order to improve the quality of food to ensure public health. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 2 December 2018, pp 82-88

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS Bacillus spp. SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENGENDALIAN HAYATI PENYAKIT LINCAT PADA TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
YMS Maryudani ◽  
Agus Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Lincat disease of tobacco causing severe losses of the product. Control of the disease with any available measure unlikely giving enough control. A number of Bacillus spp. isolates could suppressed the growth of pathogen in vitro and suppressed the development of lincat disease in the field. This article report the characteristics of six isolates of Bacillus spp. (Ba-4, Ba-22, Ba-24, Ba-30, Ba-33, and Ba-41). These isolates proven could suppressed lincat disease in the field. Characterization of the isolates include the morphological, physiological characteristics, and pathogenicity against tobacco plant. The results indicated that the bacterial isolates were belong to the genus Bacillus with the following charactheristics. The bacteria were rod shapes, forming endospore, Gram positive, fermentative, positive reaction in katalase, oksidase, and Voges Proskaeur tests. Negative results were obtained for Methyl Red test, hydrolysis of starch, gelatine, and casein. The present isolates could use citrate and several carbohydrates as carbon sources. Reduce nitrate to nitrite. The isolates could grow in the medium with high osmotic pressure, i.e. could grow in the medium with 7 percent NaCl. The present isolates grew well in the medium with pH of 4.5–10 and could grow in the temperature range of 10–50 °C. According to pathogenicity test, the present isolates were not belong to the plant pathogenic bacteria. The present isolates could suppressed the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro, and could reduce the egg number of Meloidogyne incognita. According to the physiological characteristics tested, it seem that isolates of Ba-4, Ba-24, Ba-30, dan Ba-33, and Ba-41 having similar charactheristics with Bacillus cereus. The Ba-22 isolate, however, having similar characteristics with B. licheniformis.

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