Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida da RessurreiÇão Brandão ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Maria Tereza da Silva Neta ◽  
Rhyan Barros Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Passos Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae

ABSTRACTThe microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaKPC) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterobacteria in the oysters from urban estuaries, which is indicative of poor water quality. In addition, our detection of the eaeA and stxA2 virulence genes in 16.7% of E. coli isolates from oysters from this region suggests the presence of multiantibiotic-resistant enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. During periods of low precipitation, increased contamination by E. coli (in winter) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in autumn) was observed. In contrast, cultivated oysters inhabiting monitored farms in preserved areas had low levels of bacterial contamination, emphasizing that oyster culture monitoring enhances food quality and makes oysters fit for human consumption. Distinct antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in bacteria isolated from oysters collected from different areas, including resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the blaTEM gene in 91.3% of oyster samples indicated that microorganisms in estuarine water conferred the capability to produce β-lactamase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify and detect β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in oysters. We believe our study provides baseline data for bacterial dynamics in estuarine oysters; such knowledge contributes to developing risk assessments to determine the associated hazards and consequences of consuming oysters from aquatic environments containing pathogenic bacteria that may possess antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdowns May Reduce Resistance Genes Diversity in the Human Microbiome and the Need for Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6891
Author(s):  
João S. Rebelo ◽  
Célia P. F. Domingues ◽  
Francisco Dionisio ◽  
Manuel C. Gomes ◽  
Ana Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Small World ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Recently, much attention has been paid to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet bacterial resistance to antibiotics remains a serious and unresolved public health problem that kills hundreds of thousands of people annually, being an insidious and silent pandemic. To contain the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, populations confined and tightened hygiene measures. We performed this study with computer simulations and by using mobility data of mobile phones from Google in the region of Lisbon, Portugal, comprising 3.7 million people during two different lockdown periods, scenarios of 40 and 60% mobility reduction. In the simulations, we assumed that the network of physical contact between people is that of a small world and computed the antibiotic resistance in human microbiomes after 180 days in the simulation. Our simulations show that reducing human contacts drives a reduction in the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in human microbiomes. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s pairwise tests show very strong evidence (p < 0.000, adjusted using the Bonferroni correction) of a difference between the four confinement regimes. The proportion of variability in the ranked dependent variable accounted for by the confinement variable was η2 = 0.148, indicating a large effect of confinement on the diversity of antibiotic resistance. We have shown that confinement and hygienic measures, in addition to reducing the spread of pathogenic bacteria in a human network, also reduce resistance and the need to use antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Three Rivers in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Chenyu Li ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Zhuosong Cao ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract Background: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become an important public health problem. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the composition of ARGs in certain original habitats of northeast China, comprising three different rivers and riverbank soils of the Heilongjiang River, Tumen River, and Yalu River. Results: Twenty types of ARG were detected in every water sample. The major ARGs were multidrug resistance genes, at approximately 0.5 copies/16s rRNA, accounting for 57.5% of the total ARG abundance. The abundance of multidrug, bacitracin, beta-lactam, macrolide‑lincosamide‑streptogramin, sulfonamide, fosmidomycin, and polymyxin resistance genes covered 96.9% of the total ARG abundance. No significant ecological boundary of ARG diversity was observed. The compositions of the resistance genes in the three rivers were very similar to each other, and 92.1% of ARG subtypes were shared by all water samples. Except for vancomycin resistance genes, almost all ARGs in riverbank soils were detected in the river water. About 31.05% ARGs were carried by Pseudomonas. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria carrying resistance genes were mainly related to diarrhea and respiratory infections. Multidrug and beta-lactam resistance genes correlated positively with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), indicating a potential risk of diffusion.Conclusions: The composition of ARGs in three different rivers was similar, indicating that climate played an important role in ARG occurrence. ARG subtypes in river water were almost completely the same as those in riverbank soil. ARGs had no significant geographical distribution characteristics. Many ARGs were carried by human pathogenic bacteria related to human diarrhea and respiratory infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas caviae. In general, our results provide a valuable dataset of river water ARG distribution in northeast China. The related ecological geography distribution characteristics should be further explored.

Genome Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Probiotic Bacteria and a Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi ◽  
Sara Naseri ◽  
Ali Alizehi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
To Come

Abstract Having various clinical applications, probiotic bacteria are currently used in the diet. There are reports of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in these bacteria that can be transferred to other microflora and pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the study is to examine whole-genome sequence analysis in bacteria with probiotic properties. Moreover, this study follows existing issues about the importance and presence of ARGs in these bacteria the dangers of which may affect human health in the years to come. In the present study, 126 complete probiotic bacterial genomes were collected and analysed for ARGs. The results of the study shows there are various antibiotic resistant genes of in these bacteria some of which can be transmitted to other bacteria. We propose microorganisms be applied as a probiotic element in various types of products, antibiogram be conducted for a large number of antibiotics and analysis of complete genome sequence for ARGs prediction.

Metagenomic analysis of effects of oxytetracycline and copper on antibiotic resistance genes and associated pathogenic hosts in swine manure compost

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghong Guo ◽  
jie gu ◽  
Xiaojuan Wang ◽  
Zilin Song ◽  
Xun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Background: The proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in compost and their horizontal transfer to human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) may lead to the failure of human antibiotics. However, the antibiotic resistome in compost has not been comprehensively characterized. This study used a metagenomic approach to obtain new insights into the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) and copper (Cu) on the antibiotic resistome during swine manure composting and the risks posed to human health. Results: The results showed that composting reduced the abundances and diversity of ARGs and HPB in swine manure. In total, 289 ARG subtypes and 19 ARG types were detected in the samples with abundances ranging from 1.08 ´ 10 –1 to 9.39 ´ 10 –1 copies/16S rRNA, which mainly encoded tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes. The application of OTC and Cu, especially the combined application, exacerbated the compost resistome risk scores and specific ARG subtypes responded differently. Tetracycline, multidrug, and MLS resistance genes mainly affected resistance profiles of HPB throughout the composting process. HPB and intI1 had significant positive effects on determining the ARG profiles during the composting process, and the co-selective effect of heavy metals may increase the abundances of ARGs via strong positive effects on intI1 . In addition, the effect of mobile genetic elements on the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs should not be ignored. Conclusions: This study of the antibiotic resistome in compost indicates the need for effective regulation of the misuse of livestock and poultry feed additives in order to minimize the spread of the antibiotic resistome in agro-ecosystems and decrease the potential risk to public health. Keywords: Antibiotic resistome; Composting; Metagenome; Pathogenic host; Swine manure

scholarly journals 702. Zinc Blockade of SOS Response Inhibits Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Enteric Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S253-S253
Author(s):  
John Crane ◽  
Mark Sutton ◽  
Muhammad Cheema ◽  
Michael Olyer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Sos Response ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background The SOS response is a conserved response to DNA damage that is found in Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. When DNA damage is sustained and severe, activation of error-prone DNA polymerases can induce a higher mutation rate then normally observed, which is called the mutator phenotype or hypermutation. We previously showed that zinc blocked the hypermutation response induced by quinolone antibiotics and mitomycin C in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Bunnell BE, Escobar JF, Bair KL, Sutton MD, Crane JK (2017). Zinc blocks SOS-induced antibiotic resistance via inhibition of RecA in Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0178303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178303.) In addition to causing copying errors in DNA replication, Beaber et al. showed that induction of the SOS response increased the frequency of horizontal gene transfer into Vibrio cholerae, an organism naturally competent at uptake of extracellular DNA. (Beaber JW, Hochhut B, Waldor MK. 2003. SOS response promotes horizontal dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Nature 427:72–74.) Methods. In this study, we tested whether induction of the SOS response could induce transfer of antibiotic resistance from Enterobacter cloacae into E. coli, and whether zinc could inhibit that inter-species transfer of antibiotic resistance. Results. Ciprofloxacin, an inducer of the SOS response, increased the rate of transfer of an extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene from Enterobacter into a susceptible E. coli strain. Zinc blocked SOS-induced horizontal transfer of §-lactamase into E. coli. Other divalent metals, such as iron and manganese, failed to inhibit these responses. Conclusion. In vitro assays showed that zinc blocked the ability of RecA to bind to ssDNA, an early step in the SOS response, suggesting the mechanism by which zinc blocks the SOS response. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Predicting Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacilli from Resistance Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Terrance Walker ◽  
Julia Quan ◽  
Stephen G. Higgins ◽  
Nikhil Toraskar ◽  
Weizhong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT We developed a rapid high-throughput PCR test and evaluated highly antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 2,919), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1,974), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1,150), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1,484) for several antibiotic resistance genes for comparison with phenotypic resistance across penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. The isolates originated from hospitals in North America (34%), Europe (23%), Asia (13%), South America (12%), Africa (7%), or Oceania (1%) or were of unknown origin (9%). We developed statistical methods to predict phenotypic resistance from resistance genes for 49 antibiotic-organism combinations, including gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ertapenem, imipenem, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, and aztreonam. Average positive predictive values for genotypic prediction of phenotypic resistance were 91% for E. coli, 93% for K. pneumoniae, 87% for P. mirabilis, and 92% for P. aeruginosa across the various antibiotics for this highly resistant cohort of bacterial isolates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document