scholarly journals Microbiological and physicochemical quality of some water points in the Nkolafamba Subdivision (Center Region, Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-834
Author(s):  
O. V. Noah Ewoti ◽  
A. Tamsa Arfao ◽  
S.D. Baleng ◽  
L.M. Moungang ◽  
C.S. Metsopkeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Center Region

A study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the microbiological and physicochemical quality of surface water in the  Nkolafamba subdivision, Center Region of Cameroon. Five sampling points were selected based on several criteria. The bacteria isolated were Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria (BHAM), bacteria that were witnesses to faecal contamination and Pseudomonas. Some abiotic parameters were measured using the usual techniques. The results show that some physicochemical parameters such as temperature was almost constant around 25 °C during the study period. There is also a pH which tended towards neutrality pH de (7,04 ± 1,03 U.C). However, it was noted that the stations are quite oxygenated (63,96%). Bacteriological analyzes revealed that an average value of 5.17 units (logUFC / 100mL) was recorded for BHAM. Overall, the abundances of total coliforms averaged 4.18 units (logUFC / 100mL). The waters of Nkolafamba also harbor a pathogenic microflora, with bacteria such as P. aeruginosa P. pasteurella, the abundance of which can sometimes reach 5,462 units (log CFU / 100mL). These germs can be the cause of eye infections or septicemia on users of these waters. These waters have a high bacterial load, and the microbiological pollution observed is predominantly animal. Some abiotic parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Suspended Solid (SS), nitrates and turbidity have influenced the distribution of these germs. The degradation of the quality of these waters is favoured by their proximity to sources of pollution, the runoff of contaminated water in the stations. These waters, without any treatment, are not recommended for human consumption according to the standards of the World Health Organization.Keywords: Abiotic variables, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, pathogenic bacteria, rivers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mycological Quality of Groundwater in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Glory Richard ◽  
Ebinyo Rebecca Aseibai
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Microbiological Procedures ◽  
Agricultural Organization

This study examined the mycological quality of groundwater in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Triplicate water samples were obtained from 8 locations in the metropolis, and the fungi quality analyzed following standard microbiological procedures. Results showed that total fungi density ranged from 5.2±1.00 x102 to 8.50±0.56 x103 CFU/ml. Analysis of variance indicates statistical variation (p=0.001) across locations with total fungi density exceeding the limit of 102 CFU/ml specified by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization for potable water in 62.50% of samples. Eight fungi isolates (species) were identified in the study with frequency across the locations as follows: Aspergillus flavus (20.59%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.59%), Aspergillus niger (20.59%), Cladosporum (5.88%), Fusarium (2.94%), Mucor (8.82%), Penicilium (14.71%) and Rhizopus (5.88%). Of these, Aspergillus species were predominant across the locations. Since groundwater meets diverse purposes, it is essential that it is suitable for the desired use, and this can be done using appropriate technology to make groundwater potable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Water Treated and Distributed By the Akwa Ibom State Water Company

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
N. O. Eddy ◽  
A. S. Ekop
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
State Water ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Health Organization

The quality of water treated and distributed by the Akwa Ibom Water Company has been assessed by analyzing samples of water collected from different distribution points for their physiochemical parameters, major ions, nutrients and bacteriological quality. The observed values were compared with standard values given by the World Health Organization for portable water. The quality of the analysed water is found fit for human consumption.

scholarly journals The effect of container-biofilm on the microbiological quality of water used from plastic household containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jagals ◽  
C. Jagals ◽  
T. C. Bokako
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Studies in Southern Africa have shown that even when microbiologically safe water is supplied to developing communities at communal standpipes, contamination by high numbers of pathogenic microorganisms may occur during the processes of fetching water from the supply source and storage during use at home, rendering such waters unsafe for human consumption. This study investigated the occurrence of biofilm in PVC storage containers as one possible reason for this deterioration, using heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform counts as well as turbidity as indicators. A second objective was to determine whether biofilm in water-storage containers could contribute to hazardous microbiological contamination indicated by Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated that increased microbiological contamination is associated with biofilm. The biofilm harbours heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and C. perfringens. E. coli could not be associated directly with the levels of biofilm in containers but rather appears to be introduced intermittently from the ambient domestic environment. When dislodged with the biofilm, these bacteria contributed substantially to the deterioration of the microbiological quality of supplied water stored in plastic containers.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Bacterial Flora of Raw Chicken Eggs Sold in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
TT Sar ◽  
EA Johnson ◽  
MG Gberikon
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Jos Plateau ◽  
Plateau State

Eggs are an important component of the diets of increasing numbers of Nigerians and are used in a number of foods such as salad dressings and home-made creams. Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria is an important source of eggs consumed in Nigeria. However, most eggs in Jos are produced by subsistence poultry farmers with poor regard for hygienic practices. To determine the bacterial load and hence sanitary health quality of eggs sold and consumed, 100 eggs were randomly sampled from egg vendors in twenty locations of Jos North, Jos South and Jos East municipalities. Dilutions of egg shell washes and egg contents were cultured on Nutrient, and subcultured on McConkey agar and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar. All egg surfaces (shells) sampled had CFUs ranging between 1.0 x 106 - 1.1 x 108/mL in Jos East, 4.3 x 105 – 6.0 x 107/mL in Jos South and 3.4 x 105 – 1.1 x 108/mL in Jos North respectively. While ANOVA and t-test showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in bacterial counts from within sample locations, Chi Square (χ2) showed association (p<0.05) between bacterial counts and sample locations; Mean counts 1.06 x 109, 1.32 x 108 and 5.11 x 107 per mL respectively in Jos North, Jos East and Jos South. Eggs with bacteria isolated from their contents constituted 8(8.0%), while bacteria isolated included E. coli 65 (65%), Shigella 25 (25%) and Salmonella spp. 4(4%). E. coli was the only bacterium isolated from within 8 (8%) the eggs. While no other bacteria were found in eggs contents, the pathogenic bacteria present on the eggs indicated that eggs could be potential sources of outbreaks of food-borne diseases. Regulations and awareness on sanitary quality of eggs are advocated to help safeguard the health of the egg consuming public from egg-borne food infections.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mycological Quality of Groundwater in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Glory Richard ◽  
Ebinyo Rebecca Aseibai
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Microbiological Procedures ◽  
Agricultural Organization

This study examined the mycological quality of groundwater in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Triplicate water samples were obtained from 8 locations in the metropolis, and the fungi quality analyzed following standard microbiological procedures. Results showed that total fungi density ranged from 5.2±1.00 x102 to 8.50±0.56 x103 CFU/ml. Analysis of variance indicates statistical variation (p=0.001) across locations with total fungi density exceeding the limit of 102 CFU/ml specified by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization for potable water in 62.50% of samples. Eight fungi isolates (species) were identified in the study with frequency across the locations as follows: Aspergillus flavus (20.59%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.59%), Aspergillus niger (20.59%), Cladosporum (5.88%), Fusarium (2.94%), Mucor (8.82%), Penicilium (14.71%) and Rhizopus (5.88%). Of these, Aspergillus species were predominant across the locations. Since groundwater meets diverse purposes, it is essential that it is suitable for the desired use, and this can be done using appropriate technology to make groundwater potable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Fresh-cut, Processed and Preserved Mushrooms Available in and Around Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
AS Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Fauzia Begum ◽  
Abul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
E Coli

The results revealed that 40% of fresh mushrooms, 93% of processed and preserved mushroom samples including mushroom-based food products were safe for human consumption from bacteriological point of view. The highest bacterial load recorded was 8.7 × 108 cfu / gm in the samples collected from Sutrapur area of Dhaka city. The results also indicated that 27, 13, 13 and 7% of the fresh mushrooms were contaminated with coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli and Salmonella sp. respectively. Thus those mushroom samples were not up to the mark for consumption, considering safety and sanitation point of view. In case of processed mushrooms and mushroom-based food products the results showed that 20% of dried mushrooms were contaminated with both coliform and fecal coliform, 7% of powdered mushrooms were contaminated with only coliform and 13% of mushroom soup powder were contaminated with coliform, E. coli and Salmonella sp. In case of preserved mushrooms, it was found that 7% of the canned mushrooms had count <10 cfu/gm which was unacceptable as per specifications for the canned food. However, the results also revealed that coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli and even Salmonella sp. were not detected in preserved mushrooms examined.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i2.9170 BJM 2010; 27(2): 42-45

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of the water Table of Temara the Salted Rabat Region Kenitra, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
The Impact

Water is a vital element for the development and maintenance of life on our planet, for which it is necessary to preserve and ensure the continual persistence of water, not only to provide man with a sufficient quantity for these needs but to assure him an ir upright quality of this water. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water of the Temara water and the comparison of this quality with Moroccan and international standards. Physico-chemical analyzes showed true variations in the different parameters studied, related to the impact of agricultural activities. The physicochemical characterization of the samples revealed a pH close to neutrality and relatively high salt contents. The chloride content was between 14.20 and 958.5 mg / l. For nitrate and nitrite load varies and 0.5 mg/L and 5.7 mg / L. These parameters of pollution were relatively high , compared to the average concentrations usually met for Moroccan drinking .The results obtained clearly exceed the standards of WHO (World Health Organization). Effluents therefore constitute a health risk. In conclusion, the pretreatment of these waters is strongly recommended.

Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida da RessurreiÇão Brandão ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Maria Tereza da Silva Neta ◽  
Rhyan Barros Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Passos Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae

ABSTRACTThe microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaKPC) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterobacteria in the oysters from urban estuaries, which is indicative of poor water quality. In addition, our detection of the eaeA and stxA2 virulence genes in 16.7% of E. coli isolates from oysters from this region suggests the presence of multiantibiotic-resistant enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. During periods of low precipitation, increased contamination by E. coli (in winter) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in autumn) was observed. In contrast, cultivated oysters inhabiting monitored farms in preserved areas had low levels of bacterial contamination, emphasizing that oyster culture monitoring enhances food quality and makes oysters fit for human consumption. Distinct antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in bacteria isolated from oysters collected from different areas, including resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the blaTEM gene in 91.3% of oyster samples indicated that microorganisms in estuarine water conferred the capability to produce β-lactamase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify and detect β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in oysters. We believe our study provides baseline data for bacterial dynamics in estuarine oysters; such knowledge contributes to developing risk assessments to determine the associated hazards and consequences of consuming oysters from aquatic environments containing pathogenic bacteria that may possess antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Quality of Bangkok Tap Water with Other Drinking Purpose Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
A. Kordach ◽  
C. Chardwattananon ◽  
K. Wongin ◽  
B. Chayaput ◽  
N. Wongpat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Tap Water Quality

The concern of drinking purposed water quality in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samutprakarn provinces has been a problem for over fifteen years. Metropolitan Water Works Authority (MWA) of Thailand is fully responsible for providing water supply to the mentioned areas. The objective of Drinkable Tap Water Project is to make people realize in quality of tap water. Communities, school, government agencies, hotels, hospitals, department stores, and other organizations are participating in this project. MWA have collected at least 3 samples of water from the corresponding places and the samples have to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines level. This study is to evaluate water quality of tap water, storage water, filtered water, and filtered water dispenser. The water samples from 2,354 attending places are collected and analyzed. From October 2011 to September 2016, MWA analyzed 32,711 samples. The analyzed water parameters are free residual chlorine, appearance color, turbidity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pathogenic bacteria; E.coli. The results indicated that a number of tap water samples had the highest number compliance with WHO guidelines levels at 98.40%. The filtered water, filtered water dispenser, and storage water were received 96.71%, 95.63%, and 90.88%, respectively. However, the several samples fail to pass WHO guideline level because they were contaminated by E.coli. The result is that tap water has the highest score among other sources probably because tap water has chlorine for disinfection and always is monitored by professional team round-the-clock services compared to the other water sources with less maintenance or cleaning. Also, water quality reports are continuously sent to customers by mail addresses. Tap water quality data are shown on MWA websites and Facebook. All these steps of work should enhance the confidence of tap water quality.

Scope of potential bacterial agents of diarrhoea and microbial assessment of quality of river water sources in rural Venda communities in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Obi ◽  
N. Potgieter ◽  
P.O. Bessong ◽  
G. Matsaung
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Total Coliforms

The microbial quality of several, usually untreated, surface domestic water sources, used by rural communities in the Venda Region of South Africa, was assessed to gauge their fitness for human consumption and to highlight the possible impact of waterborne diseases. The water sources studied were six points on the Levubu River and the rivers Mutale, Ngwedi, Tshinane, Makonde, Mutshindudi and Mudaswali. Total and faecal coliform, heterotrophic bacteria, enterococci and coliphage counts were used as indicators/surrogates to estimate the degree of bacterial and viral contamination respectively by standard methods. The presence of potential bacterial agents of diarrhoea such as Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas and Vibrio was also determined. Results showed that the ranges of counts with regard to all the water sources investigated were 2.9 × 102 - 6.3 × 104 CFU/100 mL for faecal coliforms, 6.0 × 102 - 3.7 × 104 CFU/100 mL for total coliforms, 1.8 × 102 - 1.3 × 106 CFU/mL for heterotrophic plate count, 1.0 × 101 - 3.7 × 104 CFU/100 mL for enterococci and 0-13 PFU/100 mL for coliphages. These values are far higher than the acceptable maximum limits prescribed for South Africa by the Dept of Water & Forestry and the Water Research Commission - 0 CFU/100 mL, 5 CFU/100 mL, 1.0 × 102 CFU/mL, 0 CFU/100 mL and 1 PFU/100 mL for faecal coliforms, total coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria, enterococci and coliphages respectively. Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas were isolated from several of the water sources investigated. The use of these water sources for drinking and domestic purposes poses a serious threat to the health and well being of the users and calls for urgent government intervention.

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