Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics of Oil Bodies from Hemp Seeds (Cannabis sativa L.)

The structural and physicochemical characteristics of oil bodies from hemp seeds were explored in this study. Oil bodies from several plant-based sources have been previously studied; however, this is the first time a characterisation of oil bodies from the seeds of industrial hemp is provided. The morphology of oil bodies in hemp seeds and after extraction was investigated using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the interfacial characteristics of isolated oil bodies were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Proteins associated with oil bodies were characterised using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The effect of pH and ionic strength on colloidal properties of the oil bodies was investigated. Oil bodies in hemp seeds appeared spherical and sporadically distributed in the cell, with diameters of 3 to 5 μm. CLSM images of isolated oil bodies revealed the uniform distribution of phospholipids and proteins at their interface. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were predominant in the lipid fraction and linoleic acid accounted for ≈61% of the total fatty acids. The SDS-PAGE analysis of washed and purified oil bodies revealed major bands at 15 kDa and 50–25 kDa, which could be linked to membrane-specific proteins of oil bodies or extraneous proteins. The colloidal stability of oil bodies in different pH environments indicated that the isoelectric point was between pH 4 and 4.5, where oil bodies experienced maximum aggregation. Changes in the ionic strength decreased the interfacial charge density of oil bodies (ζ-potential), but it did not affect their mean particle size. This suggested that the steric hindrance provided by membrane-specific proteins at the interface of the oil bodies could have prevented them from flocculation at low interfacial charge density. The results of this study provide new tertiary knowledge on the structure, composition, and colloidal properties of oil bodies extracted from hemp seeds, which could be used as natural emulsions or lipid-based delivery systems for food products.

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Interaction of DNA with Cationic Micelles: Effects of Micelle Surface Charge Density, Micelle Shape, and Ionic Strength on Complexation and DNA Collapse

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/la0010673 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1670-1673 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Yilin Wang ◽

Paul L. Dubin ◽

Huiwen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Charge Density ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Surface Charge Density ◽

Cationic Micelles ◽

Micelle Surface

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The acylation of megakaryocyte proteins: glycoprotein IX is primarily myristoylated while glycoprotein Ib is palmitoylated

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v87.4.1377.bloodjournal8741377 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 1377-1384 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

PK Schick ◽

J Walker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Amide Bond ◽

Endogenous Protein ◽

Sds Page ◽

Palmitic Acids ◽

Protein Acylation

The acylation of megakaryocyte proteins was studied with special emphasis on the myristoylation and palmitoylation of the glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. Guinea pig megakaryocytes were purified and separated into subpopulations at different phases of maturation. Cells were incubated with [3H]myristate, [3H]palmitate, or [3H]acetate to study endogenous protein acylation. Cycloheximide was used to distinguish between cotranslational and posttranslational acylation and hydroxylamine to distinguish between thioester and amide linkages. After incubations, delipidated proteins or GPIb complex subunits, immunoprecipitated with PG-1, AN-51 or FMC-25 monoclonal antibody, were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and assessed by fluorography. Radiolabeled fatty acids bound to GPIX and GPIb were also analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and scintillation spectrometry. With [3H]myristic acid and [3H]acetate, GPIX was found to be a major myristoylated protein in megakaryocytes and CHRF-288 cells. Myristic acid was linked to GPIX by an amide bond, and this process occurred cotranslationally. With [3H]acetate, GPIb was primarily palmitoylated, but with [3H]myristate, GPIb was acylated with about equal mounts of myristic acid and palmitic acids. Both fatty acids were linked to GPIb by thioester bonds, and acylation was posttranslational. The myristoylation of GPIX while the palmitoylation of GPIb occurred throughout megakaryocyte maturation. Myristoylation and palmitoylation may have different functions relevant to the assembly of the GPIb complex in megakaryocytes.

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Chemical characterization of effective and ineffective strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.1999_4125 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1009

Author(s):

S F Izmailov ◽

G Y Zhiznevskaya ◽

L V Kosenko ◽

G N Troitskaya ◽

N N Kudryavtseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Effective Strain ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Unsaturation Index ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Sds Page ◽

Lower Molecular Mass

Chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from an effective (97) and ineffective (87) strains of R. l. viciae has been determined. LPS preparations from the two strains contained: glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, arabinose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, quinovosamine, and 3-N-methyl-3,6-dideoxyhexose, as well as glucuronic, galacturonic and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. The following fatty acids were identified: 3-OH 14:0, 3-OH 15:0, 3-OH 16:0, 3-OH 18:0 and 27-OH 28:0. The ratio of 3-OH 14:0 to other major fatty acids in LPS 87 was higher that in LPS 97. SDS/PAGE profiles of LPS indicated that, in lipopolysaccharides, relative content of S form LPS I to that of lower molecular mass (LPS II) was much higher in the effective strain 97 than in 87. All types of polysaccharides exo-, capsular-, lipo, (EPS, CPS, LPS, respectively) examined possessed the ability to bind faba bean lectin. The degree of affinity of the host lectin to LPS 87 was half that to LPS 97. Fatty acids (FA) composition from bacteroids and peribacteroid membrane (PBM) was determined. Palmitic, stearic and hexadecenoic acids were common components found in both strains. There was a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in bacteroids as well as in PBM lipids. The unsaturation index in the PBM formed by strain 87 was lower than in the case of strain 97. Higher ratio of 16:0 to 18:1 fatty acids was characteristic for PMB of the ineffective strain.

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Hydrodynamic Modeling of NOM Transport in UF: Effects of Charge Density and Ionic Strength on Effective Size and Sieving

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es900259r ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (14) ◽

pp. 5449-5454 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yanxiao Yuan ◽

James E. Kilduff

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Charge Density ◽

Hydrodynamic Modeling ◽

Effective Size

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Interfacial Charge Density and Its Connection to Adhesion and Frictional Forces

Physical Review Letters ◽

10.1103/physrevlett.121.026804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Wolloch ◽

G. Levita ◽

P. Restuccia ◽

M. C. Righi

Keyword(s):

Charge Density ◽

Frictional Forces ◽

Interfacial Charge

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The Nutritional and Pharmacological Potential of New Australian Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Sediments

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18030151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thi Linh Nham Tran ◽

Ana F. Miranda ◽

Adarsha Gupta ◽

Munish Puri ◽

Andrew S. Ball ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Added Value ◽

Oil Bodies ◽

High Concentration ◽

Mangrove Sediments ◽

Aqueous Emulsion ◽

Total Fatty Acids

Mangrove sediments represent unique microbial ecosystems that act as a buffer zone, biogeochemically recycling marine waste into nutrient-rich depositions for marine and terrestrial species. Marine unicellular protists, thraustochytrids, colonizing mangrove sediments have received attention due to their ability to produce large amounts of long-chain ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper represents a comprehensive study of two new thraustochytrids for their production of valuable biomolecules in biomass, de-oiled cakes, supernatants, extracellular polysaccharide matrixes, and recovered oil bodies. Extracted lipids (up to 40% of DW) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 80% of total fatty acids) were mainly represented by docosahexaenoic acid (75% of polyunsaturated fatty acids). Cells also showed accumulation of squalene (up to 13 mg/g DW) and carotenoids (up to 72 µg/g DW represented by astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, and β-carotene). Both strains showed a high concentration of protein in biomass (29% DW) and supernatants (2.7 g/L) as part of extracellular polysaccharide matrixes. Alkalinization of collected biomass represents a new and easy way to recover lipid-rich oil bodies in the form of an aqueous emulsion. The ability to produce added-value molecules makes thraustochytrids an important alternative to microalgae and plants dominating in the food, pharmacological, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries.

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The Reactivity and Allergenic Potential of Hazelnut Peptides

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Food Science and Technology ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:9506 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Lavinia Florina Calinoiu ◽

Dan Cristian Vodnar ◽

Carmen Socaciu

Keyword(s):

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Peptide Fragments ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Allergenic Potential ◽

Sds Page ◽

Allergenic Proteins ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Specific Proteins ◽

Sensitive Method

The aim of this paper was to focus on proteins present in some food products, like hazelnuts and to investigate their allergenic potential. Several techniques were used to characterize these extracted proteins, with respect to their composition, degradability by digestive proteolytic enzymes and their reactivity with specific antibodies. It was important to analyse which proteins were present in the hazelnuts, to see if there were proteins present to trigger an allergic reaction and if the digestion enzymes trypsin and pepsin influence the presence of the (allergic) protein compounds. Allergies to tree nuts and seeds can cause life-threatening and sometimes fatal reactions. To examine the properties of Hazelnut protein it was important to solubilize it by extraction. After extraction, it was investigated how hazelnut protein can be modified by proteases and what the effect was on the immune reaction. The Bradford method is a fast and sensitive method to determine the concentration of soluble protein. When the Bradford reagent (Coomassie Brilliant Blue) binds to the protein, the colour changes from red to purple and the absorption maximum changes from 495 to 595 nm. The value obtained as the final concentration of proteins was 7.3495. SDS-PAGE is a method to separate mixtures of proteins by electrophoresis. Protein molecules are negatively charged by binding of SDS molecules; subsequently they are separated in an electric field. Their differences in size (molecular weight) leads to separation. In this case the method is used to follow proteolytic degradation of hazelnut proteins (allergens) by intestinal proteases (trypsin, pepsin). A different, more specific and sensitive method is immunoblotting (Western Blot) in which the SDS-PAGE separated proteins are transferred from the gel to a membrane and specific antibodies are used in a series of reactions to visualize specific allergens on this membrane. The remarked spots represented a positive identification of allergenic proteins. This means that peptide fragments of various size, produced during the digestion of a protein can still be immunological active. As it was shown there was still reactivity between proteins and specific antibodies. The Dot Blot is a simple immunoblotting technique used to detected specific proteins in a mixture of different proteins and/or other molecules. No separation technique prior to the actual immuno-detection is necessary. Also, Dot Blot confirmed the presence of allergenic proteins made visible through the light spots on the membrane.

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Improvement of Wax Oil Content of Embryonic Callus of Jojoba Using Gamma Radiation

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v29i2.44509 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 207-217

Author(s):

Hattem M. El-Shabrawi ◽

Hend E. Wahba ◽

Ahmed M. Gabr ◽

Shafik I. El-Morsy ◽

Mohamed A. Saber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Embryogenic Callus ◽

Oil Content ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Simmondsia Chinensis ◽

Oil Bodies ◽

Embryonic Callus ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

Different Doses

Embryogenic callus was obtained from the leaf explants of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider cultured on MS containing 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kn. Growth of embryonic callus increased in 0.5 mg/l Kn + 6% sucrose. In order to improve oil content, the embryonic callus was exposed to different doses (5, 10 and 15 Kr) of gamma radiation. It was found that oil content of embryonic callus of jojoba increased 1.41% by exposing to 5 Kr gamma radiation. Also, size of oil bodies in embryonic callus irradiated with 5 Kr increased compared to control. Furthermore, production of the fatty acids was enhanced by gamma irradiation. The highest percentage of total fixed oil (1.41) was recorded in 5 Kr radiation. However, the highest content of total fatty acids (98.612) was obtained when embryonic callus were exposed to 10 Kr of gamma radiation.

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