scholarly journals Accumulation of Selected Metal Elements in Fruiting Bodies of Oyster Mushroom

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Marcel Golian ◽  
Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽  
Ivana Mezeyová ◽  
Zuzana Chlebová ◽  
Ondrej Hegedűs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synergistic Relationships ◽  
Selection Of

The species Pleurotus ostreatus is a commercially, gastronomically, and biotechnologically important fungus. Its strain variability has been little researched. The study provides an evaluation of 59 oyster mushroom production strains in terms of the ability to accumulate selected metals in the cap and stipe. The fruiting bodies were grown under identical model conditions on straw substrate. Metal concentrations (ET-AAS) in dry fruiting bodies ranged in values 1.7–22.4 mg kg−1 for Al, 2.6–9.7 mg kg−1 Ba, 199–4560 mg kg−1 Ca, 1.7–12.0 mg kg−1 Cu, 12–120 mg kg−1 Fe, 16,000–49,500 mg kg−1 K, 876–2400 mg kg−1 Mg, 0.39–11.0 mg kg−1 Mn, 46–920 mg kg−1 Na and 11–920 mg kg−1 for Zn. More Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn accumulated in the cap, while in the stipe Ba was amassed. No significant difference was found between Al, Ca and Na between the accumulation in the cap and the stipe. Furthermore, the dependence of metal uptake from the substrate depending on the fortification of the substrate was confirmed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) synergistic relationships were shown in pairs Al and Ba, Al and Fe, Ba and Na, Ba and Ca, Ca and Na, Cu and Fe, Fe and Mn, Fe and Zn, K and Mg, K and Mn, K and Zn, Mg and Mn, Mg and Na, Mg and Zn and Mn and Zn in the substrate without the addition of sodium selenate to the substrate. Altered relationships were observed after the application of sodium selenate to the substrate, synergism of Se and Ni, Se and Co and Se and Hg, Cu and Mn, Cu and Fe, Zn and Co, Zn and Ni, Zn and Hg, Mn and Fe, Mn and Cr, Co and Ni, Co and Hg, Ni and Hg, Pb and Cd. The findings of the study may help in the selection of production strains with hypercumulative properties for a particular metal and subsequent use in the addition of fortified fruiting bodies (e.g., with Zn). Based on the study the strains less sensitive to the accumulation of hazardous metals is possible to select for large-scale production, which is important from the perspective of food safety.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanosize ZnO and Zn1−xFexO Powder for Infrared Absorption by Flame Aerosol Synthesis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Taisheng Yang ◽  
Zili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Aerosol Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, nanosized ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders were synthesized using the flame aerosol synthesis (FAS) method. The microstructure of the ZnO powder shows a significant difference with different precursor concentrations. By adding Fe to the precursor, nanosized Zn1−xFexO powder (x = 0~0.1) can be easily fabricated. The phase formation, microstructure, and infrared absorption properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, and IR. With the substitution of Fe into the Zn site, lattice distortion occurred, resulting in excellent infrared absorption properties. Compared to other conventional synthesis methods, the FAS method has the advantages of high yield, high crystallinity, and low cost; furthermore, nanosized powder is easily obtained. The FAS method is believed to be one of the best choices for the large-scale production of ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders.

Strand-spacing dependency on the tensile response of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Weidong Yu ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Tensile Data ◽  
Strand Spacing ◽  
Wearable Electronic

This study focuses on the effect of strand spacing on the tensile behavior of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs). The fabrication procedure of t-ECCYs was previously reported using a modified ring frame. The tensile data were analyzed with SPSS using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Fisher’s least significant difference test (α = 0.05). The results demonstrate that with elevated strand spacing up to 14.0 mm, the breaking tenacity and extension at break of yarns increase, beyond which they reduce, and mean results were considered significantly different. Furthermore, a two-parameter Weibull distribution and box-whisker plot can be appropriately used to quantify the variability of tensile strength. It is evident that strand spacing plays a crucial role in influencing the structure and hence the final behavior of yarns. The shape of twisting triangle was obviously asymmetric, primarily due to modulus differences of its sub-strands in the resulting yarns. In particular, a bottom-and-right displacement of convergence points was observed with the increasing strand spacing. Finally, the electrical conductivity of t-ECCYs in various stretching states was characterized. With the superior conductivity under different stretching, t-ECCYs have tremendous prospects for wearable electronic applications. More importantly, desirable characteristics that are possibly possessed by the yarns are industrial weavability and knittability, which will pave a convenient but highly effective way for the large-scale production of wearable electronic textiles.

Materials Technology and the Engineer

1972 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
A. G. Quarrell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Suitable Process

Never has the engineer had so many materials from which to choose when designing new machines or new structures. Improved metallurgical knowledge has enabled greatly improved alloys to be developed, the demands of aero-space have stimulated developments in ceramics and in composite materials; whilst advances in organic chemistry have led to a wide range of plastics suitable for applications which range from throw-away containers to constructions for which metals or natural materials were previously used. In addition, improved methods are continuously leading to better materials and more reliable components and the selection of the most suitable process for a given application becomes increasingly difficult. Materials technologists and engineers depend very much on each other. Engineers rely upon materials technologists for materials with properties appropriate for particular applications; materials technologists depend upon engineers to design the machines that enable laboratory experiments to be translated into large-scale production. A review of the present situation will be followed by a discussion of future trends and of future co-operation between engineers and materials technologists.

Selection of technological process for production of parts made of iron-based powders, providing their strength

2020 ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
A.M. Dmitriev ◽  
N.V. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Powder Steels ◽  
Selection Of

Large-scale production of parts from powders and powder steels, in which parts are shaped in presses is considered. The three processes for production of the parts are analyzed. At two of them preforms are formed from the powder, they are sintered and the parts are punched from the sintered preforms. In the first process is used hot forging, in the second process used cold forging. The advantage of cold forging is demonstrated. The durability of the tool during cold forming is not sufficient to produce of parts from powder steels. The ways to reduce of stresses in the tool are described. The third process comprises forming from powder of the final shape parts and their sintering. Such process is applied for parts from powder steels. However in this process the parts have large porosity, which reduces their strength and reduces the efficiency of heat treatment. The method for reducing of the parts porosity as they are formed is described.

scholarly journals Coral platy fish Xiphophorus maculatus hormonal induction to improve mass spawning efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Fajar Maulana ◽  
Muhammad Zairin Jr. ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Mitra Abadi ◽  
Adhana Nur Fitrih
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Uniformity

Coral platy fish has a unique reproduction due to ovoviviparous (live-bearer) reproduction. The large scale production of coral platy fish has several constraints due to the inconsistent seed birth period, which causes variations in the fry size. This makes it difficult for ornamental fish cultivators for production process efficiency and market criteria fulfillment that demands size uniformity. This study aimed to synchronize the broodstock birth period of coral platy fish by testing the hormone oxytocin and prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α) through immersion methods with different durations. This study used a factorial randomized design with 21 treatments and 3 replications for each hormone type. The PGF2α hormone doses used were 0; 0.01; 0.1 and 1 mL/L, while the oxytocin hormone doses used were 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mL/L with immersion duration of 4, 8, and 12 hours, respectively. The results showed that the treatment dose of 1 mL/LPGF2α with 12 hour duration had a significant effect (p <0.05) compared  to other treatments, the immersion group with 12 hour duration obtained a significant difference to the length of other treatments both at the percentage of broodstock giving birth and number of seeds. The hormone treatment had no significant effect on broodstock and seed survival (p> 0.05).   Keywords:mass induction, oxytocin, prostaglandin-e2 α (PGF2α), mass birth, livebearer   ABSTRAK Ikan plati koral memiliki reproduksi yang unik karena bereproduksi secara ovovivipar (livebearer). Produksi ikan plati koral dalam skala besar dihadapkan kendala akibat waktu kelahiran anak yang tidak serentak yang menyebabkan keberagaman ukuran anak ikan plati koral.  Hal ini menyulitkan para pembudidaya ikan hias untuk efisiensi proses produksi dan memenuhi kriteria pasar yang menuntut keseragaman ukuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeragamkan waktu kelahiran anak induk ikan plati koral dengan uji coba pemberian hormon oksitosin dan prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α) melalui metode perendaman dengan durasi waktu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial dengan 21 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan untuk masing-masing jenis hormon. Dosis hormon PGF2α yang diuji adalah 0; 0,01; 0,1 dan 1 mL/L, sedangkan dosis hormon oksitosin yang digunakan adalah 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mL/L dengan masing-masing lama perendaman 4, 8, dan 12 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis 1 mL/L PGF2α dengan lama waktu perendaman 12 jam memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p <0.05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kelompok perendaman dengan durasi 12 jam memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap lama perlakuan lain baik pada parameter persetasi induk melahirkan dan jumlah anak yang dilahirkan. Perlakuan hormon tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup induk dan anak yang dilahirkan (p >0.05).   Kata kunci: induksi massal, Oksitosin, prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α), kelahiran masal, livebearer

scholarly journals Immunochemistry-Based Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Strategy for Large-Scale Production of MPT64-Antibodies for Use in the MPT64 Antigen Detection Test

Antibodies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ida Marie Hoel ◽  
Iman A Mohammed Ali ◽  
Sheeba Ishtiaq ◽  
Lisbet Sviland ◽  
Harald Wiker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown promising results for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB in previous studies. However, the anti-MPT64 antibody currently used in the test is in limited supply, and reproduction of a functional antibody is a prerequisite for further large-scale use. Various antigen-adjuvant combinations and immunisation protocols were tested in mice and rabbits to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were screened in IHC, and the final new antibody was validated on clinical human specimens. We were not able to generate monoclonal antibodies that were functional in IHC, but we obtained multiple functional polyclonal antibodies through careful selection of antigen-adjuvant and comprehensive screening in IHC of both pre-immune sera and antisera. To overcome the limitation of batch-to-batch variability with polyclonal antibodies, the best performing individual polyclonal antibodies were pooled to one final large-volume new anti-MPT64 antibody. The sensitivity of the new antibody was in the same range as the reference antibody, while the specificity was somewhat reduced. Our results suggest that it possible to reproduce a large-volume functional polyclonal antibody with stable performance, thereby securing stable supplies and reproducibility of the MPT64 test, albeit further validation remains to be done.

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