Selection of Decision Variables for Large-Scale Production Optimization Problems Applied to Brugge Field

Never has the engineer had so many materials from which to choose when designing new machines or new structures. Improved metallurgical knowledge has enabled greatly improved alloys to be developed, the demands of aero-space have stimulated developments in ceramics and in composite materials; whilst advances in organic chemistry have led to a wide range of plastics suitable for applications which range from throw-away containers to constructions for which metals or natural materials were previously used. In addition, improved methods are continuously leading to better materials and more reliable components and the selection of the most suitable process for a given application becomes increasingly difficult. Materials technologists and engineers depend very much on each other. Engineers rely upon materials technologists for materials with properties appropriate for particular applications; materials technologists depend upon engineers to design the machines that enable laboratory experiments to be translated into large-scale production. A review of the present situation will be followed by a discussion of future trends and of future co-operation between engineers and materials technologists.

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Accumulation of Selected Metal Elements in Fruiting Bodies of Oyster Mushroom

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11010076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Marcel Golian ◽

Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽

Ivana Mezeyová ◽

Zuzana Chlebová ◽

Ondrej Hegedűs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Uptake ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Sodium Selenate ◽

Scale Production ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Synergistic Relationships ◽

Selection Of

The species Pleurotus ostreatus is a commercially, gastronomically, and biotechnologically important fungus. Its strain variability has been little researched. The study provides an evaluation of 59 oyster mushroom production strains in terms of the ability to accumulate selected metals in the cap and stipe. The fruiting bodies were grown under identical model conditions on straw substrate. Metal concentrations (ET-AAS) in dry fruiting bodies ranged in values 1.7–22.4 mg kg−1 for Al, 2.6–9.7 mg kg−1 Ba, 199–4560 mg kg−1 Ca, 1.7–12.0 mg kg−1 Cu, 12–120 mg kg−1 Fe, 16,000–49,500 mg kg−1 K, 876–2400 mg kg−1 Mg, 0.39–11.0 mg kg−1 Mn, 46–920 mg kg−1 Na and 11–920 mg kg−1 for Zn. More Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn accumulated in the cap, while in the stipe Ba was amassed. No significant difference was found between Al, Ca and Na between the accumulation in the cap and the stipe. Furthermore, the dependence of metal uptake from the substrate depending on the fortification of the substrate was confirmed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) synergistic relationships were shown in pairs Al and Ba, Al and Fe, Ba and Na, Ba and Ca, Ca and Na, Cu and Fe, Fe and Mn, Fe and Zn, K and Mg, K and Mn, K and Zn, Mg and Mn, Mg and Na, Mg and Zn and Mn and Zn in the substrate without the addition of sodium selenate to the substrate. Altered relationships were observed after the application of sodium selenate to the substrate, synergism of Se and Ni, Se and Co and Se and Hg, Cu and Mn, Cu and Fe, Zn and Co, Zn and Ni, Zn and Hg, Mn and Fe, Mn and Cr, Co and Ni, Co and Hg, Ni and Hg, Pb and Cd. The findings of the study may help in the selection of production strains with hypercumulative properties for a particular metal and subsequent use in the addition of fortified fruiting bodies (e.g., with Zn). Based on the study the strains less sensitive to the accumulation of hazardous metals is possible to select for large-scale production, which is important from the perspective of food safety.

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Selection of technological process for production of parts made of iron-based powders, providing their strength

10.36652/1813-1336-2020-16-1-483-490 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 483-490

Author(s):

A.M. Dmitriev ◽

N.V. Korobova

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hot Forging ◽

Cold Forging ◽

Scale Production ◽

Cold Forming ◽

The Third ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Iron Based ◽

Powder Steels ◽

Selection Of

Large-scale production of parts from powders and powder steels, in which parts are shaped in presses is considered. The three processes for production of the parts are analyzed. At two of them preforms are formed from the powder, they are sintered and the parts are punched from the sintered preforms. In the first process is used hot forging, in the second process used cold forging. The advantage of cold forging is demonstrated. The durability of the tool during cold forming is not sufficient to produce of parts from powder steels. The ways to reduce of stresses in the tool are described. The third process comprises forming from powder of the final shape parts and their sintering. Such process is applied for parts from powder steels. However in this process the parts have large porosity, which reduces their strength and reduces the efficiency of heat treatment. The method for reducing of the parts porosity as they are formed is described.

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Immunochemistry-Based Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Strategy for Large-Scale Production of MPT64-Antibodies for Use in the MPT64 Antigen Detection Test

Antibodies ◽

10.3390/antib10030034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Ida Marie Hoel ◽

Iman A Mohammed Ali ◽

Sheeba Ishtiaq ◽

Lisbet Sviland ◽

Harald Wiker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Volume ◽

Large Scale ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Scale Production ◽

Volume Functional ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Stable Performance ◽

Selection Of

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown promising results for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB in previous studies. However, the anti-MPT64 antibody currently used in the test is in limited supply, and reproduction of a functional antibody is a prerequisite for further large-scale use. Various antigen-adjuvant combinations and immunisation protocols were tested in mice and rabbits to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were screened in IHC, and the final new antibody was validated on clinical human specimens. We were not able to generate monoclonal antibodies that were functional in IHC, but we obtained multiple functional polyclonal antibodies through careful selection of antigen-adjuvant and comprehensive screening in IHC of both pre-immune sera and antisera. To overcome the limitation of batch-to-batch variability with polyclonal antibodies, the best performing individual polyclonal antibodies were pooled to one final large-volume new anti-MPT64 antibody. The sensitivity of the new antibody was in the same range as the reference antibody, while the specificity was somewhat reduced. Our results suggest that it possible to reproduce a large-volume functional polyclonal antibody with stable performance, thereby securing stable supplies and reproducibility of the MPT64 test, albeit further validation remains to be done.

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I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v32i1pp.129-131 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 129-131

Author(s):

Naureen Talha

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Indian Society ◽

New Delhi ◽

Scale Production ◽

Female Labour ◽

Self Employment ◽

Commodity Production ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Mexican Society ◽

Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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Large-Scale Production of Pottery at Gordion : Comparison of the Late Bronze and Early Phrygian Industries.

Paléorient ◽

10.3406/paleo.1996.4627 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 67-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Robert C. Henrickson ◽

M. J. Blackman

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Large Scale Production

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An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666180403115032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 572-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ponnusamy Kannan ◽

Samuel I.D. Presley ◽

Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽

Nagapillai Prakash ◽

Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽

Scale Production ◽

One Pot ◽

Hydrochloride Salt ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽

Itopride Hydrochloride ◽

Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

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Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19050241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽

Eslam S. Shedid ◽

Essa M. Saied ◽

Amir Reza Jassbi ◽

Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Scale Production ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Marine Products ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

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A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1940

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽

Ants Kallaste ◽

Bilal Asad ◽

Toomas Vaimann ◽

Anton Rassõlkin

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Electrical Machines ◽

Electromagnetic Properties ◽

Scale Production ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

One Step ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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