scholarly journals Detection of Salmonella in Food Matrices, from Conventional Methods to Recent Aptamer-Sensing Technologies

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paniel ◽  
Noguer
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Made In

Rapid detection of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella in food processing is of crucial importance to prevent food outbreaks and to ensure consumer safety. Detection and quantification of Salmonella species in food samples is routinely performed using conventional culture-based techniques, which are labor intensive, involve well-trained personnel, and are unsuitable for on-site and high-throughput analysis. To overcome these drawbacks, many research teams have developed alternative methods like biosensors, and more particularly aptasensors, were a nucleic acid is used as biorecognition element. The increasing interest in these devices is related to their high specificity, convenience, and relative rapid response. This review aims to present the advances made in these last years in the development of biosensors for the detection and the quantification of Salmonella, highlighting applications on meat from the chicken food chain.

Filter-Based Pathogen Enrichment Technology for Detection of Multiple Viable Foodborne Pathogens in 1 Day

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKU MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Culture Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Technology ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Filter Clogging ◽  
Enrichment Step

Conventional foodborne pathogen assays currently used in the food industry often require long culture enrichments to increase pathogen levels so they can be detected. Even using sensitive real-time PCR assays, culture enrichment at least overnight is necessary especially for detection of pathogens with slow growth rates such as Listeria monocytogenes. To eliminate this cumbersome enrichment step and detect minute amounts of pathogens within 1 day, filter-based pathogen enrichment technology was developed utilizing a unique combination of glass fiber depth filter and porous filter aid materials to efficiently separate pathogens from food homogenates and avoid filter clogging by food particles. After pathogen immobilization in depth filters, only viable pathogens were selectively collected in a small volume of growth medium via microbial multiplication and migration; nonviable pathogens remained inside the filters. By assaying viable pathogens using real-time PCRs, multiple species of foodborne pathogens were detected, including L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, at around 1 CFU/ml or 1 CFU/g in various food samples. This filter-based pathogen enrichment technology is a unique bacterial enrichment alternative to the conventional culture enrichment step and can significantly shorten the time necessary to obtain assay results.

Inflammatory Markers Associated With Diabetes Mellitus – Old and New Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Muzurović ◽  
Zoja Stanković ◽  
Zlata Kovačević ◽  
Benida Šahmanović Škrijelj ◽  
Dimitri P Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Made In

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and complex metabolic disorder, and also an important cause of cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs). Subclinical inflammation, observed in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), cannot be considered the sole or primary cause of T2DM in the absence of classical risk factors, but it represents an important mechanism that serves as a bridge between primary causes of T2DM and its manifestation. Progress has been made in the identification of effective strategies to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. It is important to identify those at increased risk for DM by using specific biomarkers. Inflammatory markers correlate with insulin resistance (IR) and glycoregulation in patients with DM. Also, several inflammatory markers have been shown to be useful in assessing the risk of developing DM and its complications. However, the intertwining of pathophysiological processes and the not-quite-specificity of inflammatory markers for certain clinical entities limits their practical use. In this review we consider the advantages and disadvantages of various inflammatory biomarkers of DM that have been investigated to date as well as possible future directions. Key features of such biomarkers should be high specificity, non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness.

PCR Detection of Alternaria spp. in Processed Foods, Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Genetic Marker

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUELÁNGEL PAVÓN ◽  
ISABEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
MARÍA ROJAS ◽  
NICOLETTE PEGELS ◽  
ROSARIO MARTÍN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tomato Pulp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

The genus Alternaria is considered one of the most important fungal contaminants of vegetables, fruits, and cereals, producing several mycotoxins that can withstand food processing methods. Conventional methods for Alternaria identification and enumeration are laborious and time-consuming, and they might not detect toxigenic molds inactivated by food processing. In this study, a PCR method has been developed for the rapid identification of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs, based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 regions of the rRNA gene. The specificity of the Alternaria-specific primer pair designed (Dir1ITSAlt–Inv1ITSAlt) was verified by PCR analysis of DNA from various Alternaria spp., and also from several fungal, bacterial, yeast, animal, and plant species. The detection limit of the method was 102 CFU/ml in viable culture, heated culture, or experimentally inoculated tomato pulp. The applicability of the method for detection of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs was assessed by testing several commercial samples. Alternaria DNA was detected in 100% of spoiled tomato samples, 8% of tomato products, and 36.4% of cereal-based infant food samples analyzed.

scholarly journals Impact of the Resistance Responses to Stress Conditions Encountered in Food and Food Processing Environments on the Virulence and Growth Fitness of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Silvia Guillén ◽  
Laura Nadal ◽  
Ignacio Álvarez ◽  
Pilar Mañas ◽  
Guillermo Cebrián
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Modified Atmospheres ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Virulence ◽  
Short Time

The success of Salmonella as a foodborne pathogen can probably be attributed to two major features: its remarkable genetic diversity and its extraordinary ability to adapt. Salmonella cells can survive in harsh environments, successfully compete for nutrients, and cause disease once inside the host. Furthermore, they are capable of rapidly reprogramming their metabolism, evolving in a short time from a stress-resistance mode to a growth or virulent mode, or even to express stress resistance and virulence factors at the same time if needed, thanks to a complex and fine-tuned regulatory network. It is nevertheless generally acknowledged that the development of stress resistance usually has a fitness cost for bacterial cells and that induction of stress resistance responses to certain agents can trigger changes in Salmonella virulence. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge concerning the effects that the development of resistance responses to stress conditions encountered in food and food processing environments (including acid, osmotic and oxidative stress, starvation, modified atmospheres, detergents and disinfectants, chilling, heat, and non-thermal technologies) exerts on different aspects of the physiology of non-typhoidal Salmonellae, with special emphasis on virulence and growth fitness.

scholarly journals Alternative methods for clinical nursing assessment and evaluation

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
M M Chabeli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Made In

The recommendations made in the article on nurse educators’ perceptions of OSCE as a clinical evaluation method (Chabeli, 2001:84-91) are addressed in this article.OpsommingIn hierdie artikel word daar gefokus op die aanbevelings wat gedoen is met betrekking tot die persepsies van verpleeg- opvoedkundiges ten opsigte van die OGKE as ‘n kliniese evalueringsmetode (Chabeli, 2001:84-91). *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals Image database of Japanese food samples with nutrition information

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9206
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Kazusa Minemoto ◽  
Reiko Sawada ◽  
Yoshiko Miyazaki ◽  
Tohru Fushiki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Image Database ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Food Images ◽  
Subjective Estimates

Background Visual processing of food plays an important role in controlling eating behaviors. Several studies have developed image databases of food to investigate visual food processing. However, few databases include non-Western foods and objective nutrition information on the foods. Methods We developed an image database of Japanese food samples that has detailed nutrition information, including calorie, carbohydrate, fat and protein contents. To validate the database, we presented the images, together with Western food images selected from an existing database and had Japanese participants rate their affective (valence, arousal, liking and wanting) and cognitive (naturalness, recognizability and familiarity) appraisals and estimates of nutrition. Results The results showed that all affective and cognitive appraisals (except arousal) of the Japanese food images were higher than those of Western food. Correlational analyses found positive associations between the objective nutrition information and subjective estimates of the nutrition information, and between the objective calorie/fat content and affective appraisals. Conclusions These data suggest that by using our image database, researchers can investigate the visual processing of Japanese food and the relationships between objective nutrition information and the psychological/neural processing of food.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Some Foods from Selected Markets in Lagos

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bidemi Ajiboye ◽  
Wahab Oluwanisola Okunowo ◽  
Emmanuel Gboyega Ajiboye ◽  
Abiola Olajumoke Oyedeji
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Food Commodities

Aflatoxigenic fungi are species of fungi that produce aflatoxins in food commodities. This study was aimed at screening different food samples in our local market for aflatoxigenic fungi using the aflatoxin regulatory gene (aflR gene). Six food samples (wheat, cowpea, rice, maize, melon and groundnut), were sourced from three different markets in Lagos metropolis (Mushin, Oyingbo and Mile 12). Fungi were isolated from these food samples and identified morphologically and microscopically. The genomic DNA was obtained using DNA isolation kits. The aflR gene was amplified from genomic DNA, nested, subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and gel imaging. The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) was also amplified from the genomic DNA for molecular identification of the organisms. The results showed that Aspergillus flavus were isolated from all the food samples from the three markets, while Aspergillus niger was present in rice, melon and wheat from Mile 12 market, maize and groundnut from Mushin market, rice and cowpea from Oyingbo market. A. flavus and A.niger were isolated from all the food samples when similar food samples from different market were mixed together. Only A. flavus amplicon from the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed approximately 400bp DNA fragment on the gel. This study has shown that PCR amplification of aflR gene has high specificity for detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in food samples thus, may be employed in screening food samples for contamination by aflatoxigenic fungi.

scholarly journals SVScore: An Impact Prediction Tool For Structural Variation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liron Ganel ◽  
Haley J Abel ◽  
Ira M Hall
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
Pathogenicity Prediction ◽  
Type Gene ◽  
Tandem Duplications ◽  
Made In

Motivation: Structural variation (SV) is an important and diverse source of human genome variation. Over the past several years, much progress has been made in the area of SV detection, but predict-ing the functional impact of SVs discovered in whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies remains extremely challenging. Accurate SV impact prediction is especially important for WGS-based rare variant association studies and studies of rare disease. Results: Here we present SVScore, a computational tool for in silico SV impact prediction. SVScore aggregates existing per-base single nucleotide polymorphism pathogenicity scores across relevant genomic intervals for each SV in a manner that considers variant type, gene features, and uncertainty in breakpoint location. We show that in a Finnish cohort, the allele frequency spectrum of SVs with high impact scores is strongly skewed toward lower frequencies, suggesting that these variants are under purifying selection. We further show that SVScore identifies deleterious variants more effectively than naive alternative methods. Finally, our results indicate that high-scoring tandem duplications may be under surprisingly strong selection relative to high-scoring deletions, suggesting that duplications may be more deleterious than previously thought. In conclusion, SVScore provides pathogenicity prediction for SVs that is both informative and meaningful for understanding their functional role in disease. Availability: SVScore is implemented in Perl and available freely at {{http://www.github.com/lganel/SVScore}} for use under the MIT license. Contact: [email protected]

scholarly journals Outbreaks, Germination, and Inactivation of Bacillus cereus in Food Products: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1480-1487
Author(s):  
WON CHOI ◽  
SANG-SOON KIM
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Food Commodity

ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus has been reported as a foodborne pathogen worldwide. Although food processing technologies to inactivate the pathogen have been developed for decades, foodborne outbreaks related to B. cereus have occurred. In the present review, foodborne outbreaks, germination, inactivation, and detection of B. cereus are discussed, along with inactivation mechanisms. B. cereus outbreaks from 2003 to 2016 are reported based on food commodity, number of cases, and consequent illnesses. Germination before sporicidal treatments is highlighted as an effective way to inactivate B. cereus, because the resistance of the pathogen increases significantly following sporulation. Several germinants used for B. cereus are listed, and their efficacies are compared. Finally, recently used interventions with sporicidal mechanisms are identified, and rapid detection methods that have been developed are discussed. Combining two or more interventions, known as the hurdle technology concept, is suggested to maximize the sporicidal effect. Further study is needed to ensure food safety and to understand germination mechanisms and sporicidal resistance of B. cereus. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Sesame, Pistachio, and Macadamia Nut: Development and Validation of New Allergenic Systems for Fast Real-Time PCR Application

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Martina Torricelli ◽  
Elisa Pierboni ◽  
Cristina Rondini ◽  
Serena Altissimi ◽  
Naceur Haouet
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Macadamia Nut ◽  
Real Market ◽  
Development And Validation

Food allergy is a worldwide health problem that concerns infants to adults. The main health risk for sensitised individuals is due to the presence of traces of allergens as the result of an accidental contamination during food processing. The labelling of allergens such as sesame, pistachio, and macadamia nut on food products is mandatory according to Regulation (EU) N. 1169/2011; therefore, the development of suitable and specific analytical methodologies is advisable. The aim of this study was to perform a multi-allergen real-time PCR system that works well in fast mode at the same annealing temperature and with the same thermal profile. The real-time PCR was developed designing new, specific, and efficient primer and probe systems for the 2S albumingene for sesame and pistachio and for the vicilin precursorgene for macadamia nut. These systems were subjected to a robust intra-laboratory qualitative validation process prior to their application, by DNA extraction and fast real-time PCR, on some real market samples to reproduce a potential allergen contamination along the food chain. The developed system results were specific and robust, with a sensible limit of detection (0.005% for sesame; 0.004% for pistachio; 0.006% for macadamia nut). The performance and the reliability of the target systems were confirmed on commercial food samples. This molecular approach could be used as a screening or as a support tool, in association with the other widespread monitoring techniques (such as ELISA).

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