scholarly journals The Role of Enterococcus faecium as a Key Producer and Fermentation Condition as an Influencing Factor in Tyramine Accumulation in Cheonggukjang

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kyoung Park ◽  
Young Hun Jin ◽  
Jun-Hee Lee ◽  
Bo Young Byun ◽  
Junsu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
High Concentrations

The study evaluated the role of Enterococcus faecium in tyramine production and its response to fermentation temperature in a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste, Cheonggukjang. Tyramine content was detected in retail Cheonggukjang products at high concentrations exceeding the recommended limit up to a factor of 14. All retail Cheonggukjang products contained Enterococcus spp. at concentrations of at least 6 Log CFU/g. Upon isolation of Enterococcus strains, approximately 93% (157 strains) produced tyramine at over 100 µg/mL. The strains that produced the highest concentrations of tyramine (301.14–315.29 μg/mL) were identified as E. faecium through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicate that E. faecium is one of the major contributing factors to high tyramine content in Cheonggukjang. During fermentation, tyramine content in Cheonggukjang groups co-inoculated with E. faecium strains was highest at 45 °C, followed by 37 °C and 25 °C. The tyramine content of most Cheonggukjang groups continually increased as fermentation progressed, except groups fermented at 25 °C. At 45 °C, the tyramine content occasionally exceeded the recommended limit within 3 days of fermentation. The results suggest that lowering fermentation temperature and shortening duration may reduce the tyramine content of Cheonggukjang, thereby reducing the safety risks that may arise when consuming food with high tyramine concentrations.

Older people’s news dependency and social connectedness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2110064
Author(s):  
Caroline Fisher ◽  
Sora Park ◽  
Jee Young Lee ◽  
Kate Holland ◽  
Emma John
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
News Media ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Older Citizens

Social isolation has become a growing issue, particularly among older citizens. The ‘digital divide’ has been identified as one of the contributing factors leaving many older citizens behind. While increasing digital literacy among seniors has been identified as one of the remedies, less attention has been paid to the role of news media on the wellbeing and connectedness of older people. Through the lens of the uses and gratifications theory, this article reports on the findings of a survey of 562 news consumers aged 50 years and above who live in Canberra, the capital city of Australia. The analysis highlights the important role of news in reducing feelings of social isolation, particularly for those who spend more time alone and older people with cognitive impairment. Older participants who had difficulty concentrating and learning new tasks were also more dependent on news. We suggest this is due to the habitual, predictable and concise nature of news. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of news in the wellbeing of older people and point to the need for policymakers and those in the aged care sector to ensure access to news for older citizens to improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Role of Chronic Alcoholism Causing Cancer in Omnivores and Vegetarians through Epigenetic Modifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 080-086
Author(s):  
Syed Aaquil Hasan Syed Javid Hasan ◽  
Raisa Arifanie O'Zelian Pawirotaroeno ◽  
Syed Abrar Hasan Syed Javid Hasan ◽  
Elene Abzianidze
Keyword(s):  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractOne of the significant consequences of alcohol consumption is cancer formation via several contributing factors such as action of alcohol metabolites, vitamin deficiencies, and oxidative stress. All these factors have been shown to cause epigenetic modifications via DNA hypomethylation, thus forming a basis for cancer development. Several published reviews and studies were systematically reviewed. Omnivores and vegetarians differ in terms of nutritional intake and deficiencies. As folate deficiency was found to be common among the omnivores, chronic alcoholism could possibly cause damage and eventually cancer in an omnivorous individual via DNA hypomethylation due to folate deficiency. Furthermore, as niacin was found to be deficient among vegetarians, damage in vegetarian chronic alcoholics could be due to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, thus slowing alcohol metabolism in liver leading to increased alcohol and acetaldehyde which inhibit methyltransferase enzymes, eventually leading to DNA hypomethylation. Hence correcting the concerned deficiency and supplementation with S-adenosyl methionine could prove to be protective in chronic alcohol use.

scholarly journals Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sigmund ◽  
Cristina Santín ◽  
Marc Pignitter ◽  
Nathalie Tepe ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractGlobally landscape fires produce about 256 Tg of pyrogenic carbon or charcoal each year. The role of charcoal as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals, which are precursors of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species, is poorly constrained. Here, we analyse 60 charcoal samples collected from 10 wildfires, that include crown as well as surface fires in forest, shrubland and grassland spanning different boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we measure high concentrations of environmentally persistent free radicals in charcoal samples, much higher than those found in soils. Concentrations increased with degree of carbonization and woody fuels favoured higher concentrations. Moreover, environmentally persistent free radicals remained stable for an unexpectedly long time of at least 5 years. We suggest that wildfire charcoal is an important global source of environmentally persistent free radicals, and therefore potentially of harmful reactive oxygen species.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

scholarly journals Influence of Gelatin-Thrombin Matrix Tissue Sealant on Bacterial Colony Formation and Risk of Pelvic Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michael J. Jarrett ◽  
Andres Vázquez-Torres ◽  
Daniel N. Frank ◽  
Bruce D. McCollister ◽  
Patrick K. Henthorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colony Formation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Vaginal Cuff ◽  
Pelvic Infection ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tissue Sealant

Objective. Gelatin-thrombin matrix (GTM) tissue sealant use was previously identified as an independent predictor of pelvic infection following hysterectomies. We aim to elucidate contributing factors by assessing influence of GTM on bacterial colony formation and characterizing bacteria present at the vaginal cuff.Methods.Escherichia coliwas incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and pelvic washings with and without GTM to assess influence on colony formation. Pelvic washings of the vaginal cuff were collected from hysterectomies occurring from June through October 2015.In vitrotechniques, 16S rRNA gene qPCR, and 16S amplicon sequencing were performed with washings to characterize bacteria at the vaginal cuff.Results. Mean bacterial colony formation in PBS was greater forE. coliincubated in the presence of GTM (1.48 × 107 CFU/mL) versus without (9.95 × 105 CFU/mL) following 20-hour incubation (p=0.001). Out of 61 pelvic washings samples, 3 were culture positive (≥5000 CFU/mL) withEnterococcus faecalis.Conclusion.In vitroexperiments support a facilitating role of GTM on colony formation ofE. coliin PBS. However, given the negative results of surgical site washings following adequate disinfection, the role of GTM in promoting posthysterectomy pelvic infections may be limited. Analysis of pelvic washings revealed presence ofE. faecalis, but results were inconclusive. Further studies are recommended.

Singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX in organic solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo S. Vinklárek ◽  
Marek Scholz ◽  
Roman Dědic ◽  
Jan Hála
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Organic Solutions

The PpIX DF show the significant role of SOFDF mechanism at high concentrations and at atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen and should be considered when developing diagnostic tools for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Platinum Nanocrystals within Iodine Ions Mediated

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamao Li ◽  
Jingwei Hou ◽  
Yu Gong ◽  
Chengjian Xiao ◽  
Lei Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Control ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nucleation Stage ◽  
Platinum Nanocrystals ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Pt Nanocrystals ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Insight Into

A liquid-phase reducing method of synthesizing Pt nanocrystals was demonstrated, and dendrite-, cube-, and cuboctahedron-shaped Pt nanocrystals (NCs) with well-defined monomorphic were successfully synthesized through iodine ions mediated with the CTAB agent. When the KI concentration was increased to thirty times of K2PtCl4 at the nucleation stage, the high-quality Pt nanodendrites could be obtained. However, no matter how many KI were added at the growth age, only cube- and cuboctahedron-shaped Pt nanocrystals formed. The results of high-resolution TEM, EDX, and XRD indicated that the size and shape of Pt NCs could be turned by changing the concentration and time of KI. In the nucleation stage, it might be due to that some iodine ions adsorb on the surfaces of Pt NCs, which probably cause the rapid growth process resulting in the formation of Pt nanodendrites. In the growth stage, although high concentrations of I− ions could contribute to the shape control and generate bigger particles of Pt NCs, small Pt particles do not grow into dendrites. The insight into the role of I− ions in synthesis of Pt NCs reported here provided a viewpoint for clearly understanding the formation mechanism of anisotropic platinum nanostructures.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Transmission Is Blocked by Type-Specific Immunity in an Infant Mouse Model

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Zangari ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Major Benefit

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae show that rates of carriage are highest in early childhood and that the major benefit of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a reduction in the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonization through decreased transmission within a population. In this study, we sought to understand how anti- S. pneumoniae immunity affects nasal shedding of bacteria, the limiting step in experimental pneumococcal transmission. Using an infant mouse model, we examined the role of immunity (passed from mother to pup) on shedding and within-litter transmission of S. pneumoniae by pups infected at 4 days of life. Pups from both previously colonized immune and PCV-vaccinated mothers had higher levels of anti- S. pneumoniae IgG than pups from non-immune or non-vaccinated mothers and shed significantly fewer S. pneumoniae over the first 5 days of infection. By setting up cross-foster experiments, we demonstrated that maternal passage of antibody to pups either in utero or post-natally decreases S. pneumoniae shedding. Passive immunization experiments showed that type-specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide is sufficient to decrease shedding and that the agglutinating function of immunoglobulin is required for this effect. Finally, we established that anti-pneumococcal immunity and anti-PCV vaccination block host-to-host transmission of S. pneumoniae . Moreover, immunity in either the donor or recipient pups alone was sufficient to reduce rates of transmission, indicating that decreased shedding and protection from acquisition of colonization are both contributing factors. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced levels of S. pneumoniae transmission between hosts immune from prior exposure and among vaccinated children. IMPORTANCE Rates of carriage of the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae are highest among young children, and this is the target group for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Epidemiological studies have suggested that a major benefit of the PCV is a reduction in host-to-host transmission, which also protects the non-vaccinated population (“herd immunity”). In this study, we examined the role of anti-pneumococcal immunity on nasal shedding and transmission of the pathogen using an infant mouse model. We found that shedding is decreased and transmission is blocked by anti-pneumococcal immunity and PCV vaccination. Additionally, transmission rates decreased if either the infected or contact pups were immune, indicating that reduced shedding and protection from the establishment of colonization are both contributing factors. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the herd immunity effect seen after the introduction of PCV and identifies potential points of intervention, which may have implications for future vaccine development.

The evolving role of animal laboratories in physiology instruction

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W. Ra'anan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Educational Impact

Laboratory exercises are intended to illustrate concepts and add an active learning component to courses. Since the 1980s, there has been a decline in animal laboratories offered in conjunction with medical physiology courses. The most important single reason for this is cost, but other contributing factors include the development of computer simulations, changes in medical education, and pressure from antivivisectionists. Unfortunately, the elimination of animal laboratories has occurred with relatively little consideration of the educational impact of this change. Although computer simulations are considered effective in helping students acquire basic physiological concepts, there is evidence some students acquire a more thorough understanding of the material through the more advanced and challenging experience of an animal laboratory. The fact that such laboratories offer distinct educational advantages should be taken into account when courses are designed.

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