The Effects of Pecan Shell, Roselle Flower and Red Pepper on the Quality of Beef Patties during Chilled Storage

The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of pecan shell (PSW), combined with roselle flower (RS) and red pepper (CA) were analyzed in beef patties by several methods during chilled storage for 13 days. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of PSW, RS and CA extracts were determined. The PSW extract exhibited a higher radical scavenging activity (by the DPPH method) and more total phenolic compounds than RS and CA. RS presented the best antimicrobial capacity. Nine formulations of beef patties were prepared, including a control (CM), a synthetic preservative (CAMPA N.3 (A)) and different combinations of PSW, RS and CA. The bacterial counts of the beef patties with RS (4–5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g meat) were significantly lower than those of the control sample (CM) (6–7 CFU/g meat) at day 6. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values at day 7 of all treatments were similar to the values of samples containing the synthetic antioxidant and significantly lower than the CM group. The order of stability assessed by the TBARS values were in agreement with the hexanal content. Thus, these results support the hypothesis that the combination of PWS, RS and CA could represent a good natural food preservative.

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Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spilanthes acmella and Its Health Beneficial Effects: A Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3532

Author(s):

Rohanizah Abdul Rahim ◽

Putri Ayu Jayusman ◽

Norliza Muhammad ◽

Norazlina Mohamed ◽

Vuanghao Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Potential Role ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Potential Health ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Spilanthes Acmella ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two common risk factors of various life-threatening disease pathogenesis. In recent years, medicinal plants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were extensively studied for their potential role in treating and preventing diseases. Spilanthes acmella (S. acmella), which has been traditionally used to treat toothache in Malaysia, contains various active metabolites responsible for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anesthetic bioactivities. These bioactivities were attributed to bioactive compounds, such as phenolic, flavonoids, and alkamides. The review focused on the summarization of in vitro and in vivo experimental reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of S. acmella, as well as how they contributed to potential health benefits in lowering the risk of diseases that were related to oxidative stress. The molecular mechanism of S. acmella in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory targets, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transcription factors of the nuclear factor-κB family (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were discussed. Besides, the antioxidant potential of S. acmella was measured by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide anion radical scavenging (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assays. This review revealed that S. acmella might have a potential role as a reservoir of bioactive agents contributing to the observed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and health beneficial effects.

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Assessment of flavonoids and phenolic compound accumulation in invasive Solidago canadensis L. in Slovakia

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 587-594

Author(s):

Olga Shelepova ◽

Yulia Vinogradova ◽

Olena Vergun ◽

Olga Grygorieva ◽

Ján Brindza

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Raw Material ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solidago Canadensis ◽

Dpph Method

Solidago canadensis L. was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant from North America in 1645 and began to spread during the XIX-XX centuries. Nowadays the species is considered the most aggressive invasive species. On the other hand, S. canadensis is considered to be a medicinal plant. The raw material known as Herba Solidaginis includes herbs of S. canadensis, S. gigantea, and S. virgaurea. These species are known for their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic properties. The purpose of our study was to analyze the chemical compounds and some biological properties of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, to evaluate its therapeutic potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts from aerial parts of S. canadensis was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The evaluation of total flavonoid content (TFC) was performed by using a spectrophotometric method. The flavonoids content was expressed as rutin equivalents (mg REs) per g DW vegetal product. The phytochemical profile of S. canadensis extracts was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The radical scavenging activity of samples was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Reducing power of extracts was determined by the phosphomolybdenum method. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the extracts varied from 204.19 to 293.43 mg GAE.g-1 DW, and 64.99 – 175.25 g QE.g-1 DW, respectively; the best results were obtained for ethanol extract. Some phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC with significant amounts of rutin (211.20 µg.mL-1), quercetin (122.08 µg.mL-1), quercitrin (102.50 µg.mL-1) and chlorogenic acid (147.00 µg.mL-1). The DPPH values in the inflorescences were higher than in the leaves: the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was in the range from 5.34 to 17.16 mg TE.g-1, for inflorescences, this parameter ranged from 6.09 to 19.87 mg TE.g-1. The high total phenolic compounds and flavonoids can be used as a valuable source of phytochemicals in herbal remedies. Our study of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, shows the promising potential that can be evaluated as an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in herbal medicines.

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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous Rhizome Extract of Rheum officinale Baillon

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/5258276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eugene Chang ◽

Choon Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Superoxide Anion Production

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with dysregulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and incidence of human diseases. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Rheum officinale Baillon rhizome in order to evaluate its potential as a future novel natural antioxidant resource and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical formations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rheum rhizome extract were dose dependently increased. Consistent with this, radical scavenging activities of Rheum rhizome extract as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity were significantly elevated as the concentration increased. In addition, the treatment of aqueous Rheum rhizome extract significantly increased ferric reducing and copper chelating activities. According to results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance analysis, Rheum rhizome extract significantly delayed lipid oxidation. Preincubation with Rheum rhizome extract significantly inhibited tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced ROS generation. Moreover, superoxide anion production was significantly lower in Rheum rhizome extract-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells than t-BHP-incubated cells (p<0.05). These findings suggest that Rheum officinale Baillon rhizome extract has a potential as an excellent natural antioxidant agent.

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DNA Damage Protecting Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Anthocyanins from Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Bran

Biotechnology Research International ◽

10.1155/2012/258787 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. Suganya Devi ◽

M. Saravana Kumar ◽

S. Mohan Das

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Natural Food ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Sorghum Bran

There is increasing interest in natural food colorants like carotenoids and anthocyanins with functional properties. Red sorghum bran is known as a rich source for anthocyanins. The anthocyanin contents extracted from red sorghum bran were evaluated by biochemical analysis. Among the three solvent system used, the acidified methanol extract showed a highest anthocyanin content (4.7 mg/g of sorghum bran) followed by methanol (1.95 mg/g) and acetone (1 mg/g). Similarly, the highest total flavonoids (143 mg/g) and total phenolic contents (0.93 mg/g) were obtained in acidified methanol extracts than methanol and acetone extracts. To study the health benefits of anthocyanin from red sorghum bran, the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by biochemical and molecular methods. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in acidified methanol extracts of anthocyanin in dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity of the red sorghum bran was directly related to the total anthocyanin found in red sorghum bran.

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Comparative study of the antioxidant properties of silymarin and milk thistle extracts

Trakia Journal of Sciences ◽

10.15547/tjs.2021.01.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

V. Ivanov ◽

M. Pavlova

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Purpose: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for liver and gall bladder / biliary tract diseases. Silymarin is the purified and standardized extract from milk thistle seeds. The purpose of the present study is to present a comparative analysis of the total phenolic substances content and the antioxidant effect of silymarin and three different types of Silybum marianum extracts (i.e. ethanol extract, water extract and lyophilized extract). Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts was analysed and the antioxidant activity was assessed by determining their free radical scavenging ability by DPPH method. Results: Total phenolic content is the highest in silymarin– 134.12±3.22 mg GAE/g, followed by lyophilized water extract – 51.74±2.10 mg GAE/g. Silymarin has also been found to have the highest antioxidant activity among all extract samples (338.03 VCEAC µmol /g), followed by S.marianum lyophilised extract (123.05 VCEAC µmol/g). Conclusions: A strong correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts and their antioxidant activity has been found.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Cucumis flexouses and Cucumis reticulatus Seeds

Pakistan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.29261/pakvetj/2020.089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (01) ◽

pp. 142-146

Author(s):

Hafiza Tuseef Sayyar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Antioxidant Effects

The current study is designed to investigate the phytochemical screening and to examine the potential antimicrobial, antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Cucumis flexouses and Cucumis reticulatus. The ethanol extract of C. flexouses and C. reticulatus seeds were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the confirmation of various phytochemicals and their total phenolic and flavonoid content is verified by the colorimetric method. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity of both extracts at the concentration of (25, 50, 100 mg/ml) against various microbial organisms was evaluated via the disc diffusion method by measuring zone of inhibition and estimating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and DPPH free radical scavenging method. The ethanol extract of Cucumis flexouses showed maximum antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (29.0±0.05mm), Bacillus subtilis (17.0±0.02 mm) followed by gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (22.0±0.05 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.04±0.34mm) respectively at 100mg/ ml concentration as compared to standard drug. Moreover, both the extracts showed no activity against fungal species Candida albicans. Similarly, significant antioxidant effects at 100mg/ml concentration (1.17±0.025) were also observed by FTC and (1.09±0.017) by DPPH method. The result of the current study depicts that ethanol extract of C. flexouses seeds possess significant in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant effects as compared to C. reticulatus seed extract and could be a good substitute for many infectious diseases

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Identification, characterization and application of a natural food colourant from Hibiscus sabdariffa

10.51415/10321/2620 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Shivon Sipahli

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Natural Food ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Solvent Systems ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

The Stability

Hibiscus sabdariffa is an under-utilised plant that has been reported to have great potential in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The vibrant red pigment indicates a source of anthocyanins that could be produced into a food colourant with additional nutritional benefits however stability is a hindering factor. The crude anthocyanins were extracted from dried calyces by means of four different acidified ethanol and methanol solvent systems to determine the maximum crude anthocyanin yield. The crude extracts were analysed under the following parameters; heat, light, pH stability and degradation kinetics, which included thermal degradation and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Two synthetic colourants were analysed based on the stability parameters; heat, light and pH and compared with the natural H. sabdariffa crude extracts. Each of the four crude extracts were analysed for the total phenolic content using Folin Ciocalteu’s method. The DPPH and FRAP assays were used to determine the radical scavenging activity of the extract with the highest yield. The identification and quantification of the crude anthocyanins were carried out using HPLC-DAD. The highest crude anthocyanin yield of 19.92% was observed by HCl acidified ethanol extract Acetic acid/water/methanol extract produced the lowest yield of 8.72%. The stability results showed that pigment retention of samples heated at 80˚C had a greater decrease over time than those heated at 50˚C. The pH stability of samples incubated for 7 days indicated that crude anthocyanins degraded slower at acidic pH, which is in keeping with reported literature therefore this extract, should be added to foods with lower pH. Light stability showed slower degradation in dark incubated samples resulting in 84% pigment retention after a 10 day period. Synthetic colourants proved to be superior, as they had showed better stability than the natural colourant under the same conditions. Half-life of thermally treated samples showed a decrease upon heating, colour was also affected as samples became dull and murky. DPPH of thermal treated samples showed a decline in radical scavenging activity from 70 to 85˚C and thereafter an increase was observed between 85 and 90˚C, this could be due to the release of degradation products that have antioxidant capability. Solvent systems did not have an effect on the total phenolic content of crude extracts as no significant difference was observed by each of the H. sabdariffa crude extracts contained an average of 54.67 mg/ml GAE. The radical scavenging ability assessed by the DPPH and FRAP assays showed 53.75% and 57.51% radical scavenging ability respectively. Although the synthetic colourants showed better stability, a natural food colourant from H. sabdariffa can still be beneficial as it has potential to be applied into foods that contain low pH such as jelly and yoghurt. The additional benefits that natural food colourants possess aid in the marketability of the product.

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QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND ALKALOID CONTENT IN HYDROALCOHOLIC CONTENT IN RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Jain ◽

Meenakshi Jain ◽

Anurekha Jain

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽

Dpph Method

The objectives of this study are to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of flavonoid and alkaloids compounds and determine the antioxidant capacity of the Rauwolfia serpentina stem. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The hydro alcoholic extract of stem of Rauwolfia serpentina was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. The total flavonoids and alkaloids content of Rauwolfia serpentina stem of hydroalcoholic extract was 1.086 and 2.364mg/100mg respectively. Ascorbic acid used as standards was also evaluated for comparison. The extract showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models. Rauwolfia serpentina stem extract showed IC50 value 68.10?g/ml for DPPH method, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68?g/ml). The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Rauwolfia serpentina which will further used for medicinal applications.

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Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Content of Malaysian Herbs as Components of Active Packaging Film in Beef Patties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 204 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya ◽

Noraziah Abu Yazid ◽

Nurul Aini Mohd Azman ◽

María Pilar Almajano

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Active Packaging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Packaging Film

Active packaging containing natural extracts is a promising innovation to prolong the shelf life of perishable food. The objective of this work was to develop a bioactive edible film from semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and glycerol (G) as plasticizer incorporated with natural extract. Five Malaysian herbs were evaluated to determine their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. The Persicaria minor (PM) extract demonstrated the highest TPC (1.629 mg GAE/L sample) and radical scavenging activity evaluated by the radicals 2,2’-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (27.166 mg TE/L sample), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (719.89 mg eq. Trolox/L sample) and α,α′-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (5.81 mg TE/L sample). Thus, PM extract was selected for active packaging film at concentrations of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% and compared with 0.4% Butylatedhydroxianisole in 2% SRC and 0.9% G film formulation. The meat patties were wrapped in the films and stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2 °C) for 14 days. The film with 2% PM exhibited significantly lower lipid deterioration analysed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (p < 0.05) and small changes in % metmyoglobin value which indicated the minimum development of brown colour (p < 0.05). Hence, this film can be used as a packaging material to improve meat quality characteristics.

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Sustainable Processes and Chemical Characterization of Natural Food Additives: Palmyra Palm (Borassus Flabellifer Linn.) Granulated Sugar

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12072650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2650

Author(s):

Dung Huynh Thi Le ◽

Wen-Chien Lu ◽

Po-Hsien Li

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Food Additives ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Natural Food ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Drying Time ◽

Antioxidant Power

Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) is an important sugar-producing plant that is widely distributed in tropical Asian countries. Its jaggery and sweet sap are prevalent in Cambodia as a substitute for table sugar. They contain essential minerals, vitamins, and biological compounds. We investigated the changes in the nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, and biological activity of palm granulated sugar prepared by using three different drying–solidification processes under vacuum conditions: the drying temperature was controlled at 80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C, and the drying time was 60, 75, and 90 min, respectively. Palm granulated sugar contains 10 kinds of vitamins (mainly vitamin E 52.15–55.12 mg/100 g), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (2.18 to 41.92 mg/100 g), and 38 volatile compounds that belong to the alcohol, ketones, pyrazines, acids, and phenols groups, and an aldehyde group. Moreover, palm granulated sugar exhibits a high total phenolic content (2.77–8.94 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (20.15%–37.88%), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value (322.68–378.23 μmol Fe2+/mL). Furthermore, palm granulated sugar-treated NIH3T3 cells showed a higher cell viability of 18.10% to 23.68%. This study confirmed that palm granulated sugar prepared at 90 °C for 75 min can have a better product quality with increased vitamin and mineral contents, antioxidant properties, and biological activity, while also being low in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content.

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