scholarly journals FPAA-Based Realization of Filters with Fractional Laplace Operators of Different Orders

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Stavroula Kapoulea ◽  
Costas Psychalinos ◽  
Ahmed S. Elwakil
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Laplace Operators ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Programmable Analog ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass

A simple and direct procedure for implementing fractional-order filters with transfer functions that contain Laplace operators of different fractional orders is presented in this work. Based on a general fractional-order transfer function that describes fractional-order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, the introduced concept deals with the consideration of this function as a whole, with its approximation being performed using a curve-fitting-based technique. Compared to the conventional procedure, where each fractional-order Laplace operator of the transfer function is individually approximated, the main offered benefit is the significant reduction in the order of the resulting rational function. Experimental results, obtained using a field-programmable analog array device, verify the validity of this concept.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Digital Filters for ECG Data Based on Field Programmable Gate Array and MATLAB

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Emre Cancioglu ◽  
Gokberk Cakiroglu ◽  
Alkim Gokcen ◽  
Yilmaz Sefa Altanay
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filters ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
System Generator ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Database Platform ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Ecg Data

This study provides design and implementation of four digital filters (low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop) for ECG (electrocardiogram) data on FPGA with MATLAB by a serial communication. The study is conducted with using ECG data which is obtained from PhysioBank Database platform. SysGen (System Generator for DSP) which is a toolbox for MATLAB is used for designing and implementing the digital filters. The aim of the study is to perform four different digital filters with various blocks on the SysGen Toolbox. The study then examines the results of four different digital filters.

FIRST-ORDER FILTERS GENERALIZED TO THE FRACTIONAL DOMAIN

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. RADWAN ◽  
A. M. SOLIMAN ◽  
A. S. ELWAKIL
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Integer Order ◽  
Continuous Time Filters ◽  
Passive Filters ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Half Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Pass

Traditional continuous-time filters are of integer order. However, using fractional calculus, filters may also be represented by the more general fractional-order differential equations in which case integer-order filters are only a tight subset of fractional-order filters. In this work, we show that low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and all-pass filters can be realized with circuits incorporating a single fractance device. We derive expressions for the pole frequencies, the quality factor, the right-phase frequencies, and the half-power frequencies. Examples of fractional passive filters supported by numerical and PSpice simulations are given.

Programmable Universal Filters Using Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanat Nonthaputha ◽  
Montree Kumngern
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Current Conveyor ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Transconductance Amplifiers ◽  
Biquadratic Filters ◽  
High Pass

This paper presents new programmable universal biquadratic filters using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) by which both voltage- and current-mode filters can be obtained. The proposed filters use second-generation current conveyor (CCII) which is the first stage of CCTA to operate as current conveyor analog switch (CCAS) and this CCAS will be used to program the filtering functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters. Unlike previous universal filters, the filtering functions of the proposed filters can be programmed using the bias currents of CCTAs without changing any input and output connections. The natural frequency and quality factor of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically and orthogonally using the bias currents of transconductance amplifiers. Also gain response of all transfer functions can be adjusted. The active and passive sensitivities of the filters are low. The proposed programmable filters have been simulated using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from TSMC. PSPICE simulation results are included to confirm workability of the proposed circuits.

Microelectronic Implementations of Fractional Order Integro-Differential Operators

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. Santamari´a ◽  
Jose´ V. Valverde ◽  
Raquel Pe´rez-Aloe ◽  
Blas M. Vinagre
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Programmable Analog ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Analog Arrays ◽  
Analog And Digital Circuits ◽  
Discrete Domains

For practical applications, the fractional order integral and differential operators require to be approximated as stable, causal, minimum-phase integer order systems, which usually leads, in both continuous and discrete domains, to high order transfer functions. Assuming that an approximation of good quality is available for the fractional operator, efficient implementations, in both cost and speed, are required. The fast development of the microelectronics gives us the opportunity of using cheap, accurate, programmable and fast devices for implementing reconfigurable analog and digital circuits. Among these devices, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Switched Capacitors Circuits (SCCs), and Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) are used in this paper for the implementation of a fractional order integrator, previously approximated by the recursive Oustaloup’s method. The fundamentals of the devices, as well as the design procedures are given, and the implementations are compared considering their simulated frequency responses, the design efforts, and other important issues.

FPAA Implementations of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150271
Author(s):  
Kenan Altun
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Programmable Analog ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Fractional Order Integrator ◽  
Analog Arrays ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Transfer Of Information

In this paper, fractional-order chaotic systems in an analog-based platform are realized using field programmable analog arrays (FPAA) hardware. With the help of this work, we aim to increase the complexity of chaotic systems. Approximated transfer functions in frequency domain are obtained by analyzing different values of fractional-order integrator with the Charef approximation method. In this study, fractional-order numerical calculation of Rssler and Sprott type-H chaotic systems is carried out. MATLAB Simulink model for chaotic systems that satisfy the conditions of chaos in the boundaries of fractional order value is schematically presented. Moreover, CAM designs and analysis that facilitate the realization of fractional-order transfer functions in FPAA platforms are introduced. The analog-based FPAA experimental and numerical outcomes for fractional order chaotic systems are demonstrated. The comparison of the results obtained in the numerical analysis and simulation study with the experimental results is given. This study confirms that the unpredictability of the chaos carrier signals realized by digital-based can be increased with analog-based FPAA hardware and fractional-order structures so as to provide safer transfer of information signals.

scholarly journals (N + α)-Order low-pass and high-pass filter transfer functions for non-cascade implementations approximating butterworth response

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-714
Author(s):  
David Kubanek ◽  
Jaroslav Koton ◽  
Jan Jerabek ◽  
Darius Andriukaitis
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Operational Transconductance Amplifiers ◽  
High Pass Filter ◽  
Approximation Errors ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
High Pass

Abstract The formula of the all-pole low-pass frequency filter transfer function of the fractional order (N + α) designated for implementation by non-cascade multiple-feedback analogue structures is presented. The aim is to determine the coefficients of this transfer function and its possible variants depending on the filter order and the distribution of the fractional-order terms in the transfer function. Optimization algorithm is used to approximate the target Butterworth low-pass magnitude response, whereas the approximation errors are evaluated. The interpolated equations for computing the transfer function coefficients are provided. An example of the transformation of the fractional-order low-pass to the high-pass filter is also presented. The results are verified by simulation of multiple-feedback filter with operational transconductance amplifiers and fractional-order element.

scholarly journals Novel Cascadable Current Mode Translinear-C Universal Filter

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Maheshwari ◽  
Iqbal A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Universal Filter ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Band Pass

A novel cascadable current-mode universal filter employing three current-controlled conveyors (translinear conveyors) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The circuit with single input and three high-impedance current outputs, ideal for cascading, realizes low-pass, band-pass, and inverting band-reject transfer functions. Inverting high-pass and inverting all-pass transfer functions are obtained by simply connecting the available outputs. The proposed circuit enjoys tuning through external currents, low total harmonic distortion (THD), good dynamic range, attractive sensitivity performance and is ideal for IC implementation.

ON THE GENERALIZATION OF SECOND-ORDER FILTERS TO THE FRACTIONAL-ORDER DOMAIN

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. RADWAN ◽  
A. S. ELWAKIL ◽  
A. M. SOLIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Capacitive Probe ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Order Domain

This work is aimed at generalizing the design of continuous-time second-order filters to the non-integer-order (fractional-order) domain. In particular, we consider here the case where a filter is constructed using two fractional-order capacitors both of the same order α. A fractional-order capacitor is one whose impedance is Zc = 1/C(jω)α, C is the capacitance and α (0 < α ≤ 1) is its order. We generalize the design equations for low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, all-pass and notch filters with stability constraints considered. Several practical active filter design examples are then illustrated supported with numerical and PSpice simulations. Further, we show for the first time experimental results using the fractional capacitive probe described in Ref. 1.

Amplitude Distributions of Cochlear Microphonic Response to an Acoustic Sinusoid in Noise

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Donald C. Teas ◽  
Gretchen B. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Electronic Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Instantaneous Voltage

The distributions of instantaneous voltage amplitudes in the cochlear microphonic response recorded from a small segment along the basilar membrane are described by computing amplitude histograms. Comparisons are made between the distributions for noise and for those after the addition to the noise of successively stronger sinusoids. The amplitudes of the cochlear microphonic response to 5000 Hz low-pass noise are normally distributed in both Turn I and Turn III of the guinea pig’s cochlea. The spectral composition of the microphonic from Turn I and from Turn III resembles the output of band-pass filters set at about 4000 Hz, and about 500 Hz, respectively. The normal distribution of cochlear microphonic amplitudes for noise is systematically altered by increasing the strength of the added sinusoid. A decrease of three percent in the number of small amplitude events (±1 standard deviation) in the cochlear microphonic from Turn III is seen when the rms voltage of a 500 Hz sinusoid is at −18 dB re the rms voltage of the noise (at the earphone). When the rms of the sinusoid and noise are equal, the decrease in small voltages is about 25%, but there is also an increase in the number of large voltage amplitudes. Histograms were also computed for the output of an electronic filter with a pass-band similar to Turn III of the cochlea. Strong 500 Hz sinusoids showed a greater proportion of large amplitudes in the filter output than in CM III . The data are interpreted in terms of an anatomical substrate.

Realization of Enhanced LMS Filter Using Carry Skip Adder And Quantum Dot Cellular Automation In VLSI For Removing Impulse Noises In Medical Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Shankarkumar ◽  
Gokul Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Parallel Prefix ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prefix Adder

: Filtering is an important step in the field of image processing to suppress the required parts or to remove any artifacts present in it. There are different types of filters like low pass, high pass, Band pass, IIR, FIR and adaptive filtering etc.., in these filters adaptive filters is an important filter because it is used to remove the noisy signal and images. Least Mean Square filter is a type of an adaptive filtering which is used to remove the noises present in the medical images. The working of LMS is based on the minimization of the difference between the error images using a closed loop feedback. Therefore presented technique called as Q-CSKA. Here the CSKA performs its operation in stages which is based on the nucleus stage. In the traditional CSKA the nucleus stage is depend on the parallel prefix adder in this work it is replaced by the QCA adder. The QCA adder utilizes the less area compared to PPA and it can be realized in Nanometer range also. For multiplexers, And OR Invert, OR and Invert logic is used to reduce the area and delay. Due to these advantages of the QCA, AOI-OAI logic the proposed method outperformed the LMS implementation in area, power, and accuracy and delay, this based five type image noise of medical pictures related to the best technique is out comes. It helps to medicinal practitioner to resolve the symptoms of patient with ease.

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