What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (II)

As revealed by the recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America, YFV control measures need urgent rethinking. Over the last decade, most reported outbreaks occurred in, or eventually reached, areas with low vaccination coverage but that are suitable for virus transmission, with an unprecedented risk of expansion to densely populated territories in Africa, South America and Asia. As reflected in the World Health Organization’s initiative launched in 2017, it is high time to strengthen epidemiological surveillance to monitor accurately viral dissemination, and redefine vaccination recommendation areas. Vector-control and immunisation measures need to be adapted and vaccine manufacturing must be reconciled with an increasing demand. We will have to face more yellow fever (YF) cases in the upcoming years. Hence, improving disease management through the development of efficient treatments will prove most beneficial. Undoubtedly, these developments will require in-depth descriptions of YFV biology at molecular, physiological and ecological levels. This second section of a two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.

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What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (II)

10.20944/preprints201807.0378.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Raphaëlle Klitting ◽

Carlo Fischer ◽

Jan F. Drexler ◽

Ernest A. Gould ◽

David Roiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

World Health ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Vaccination Recommendation

As revealed by the recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America, YFV control measures need urgent rethinking. Over the last decade, most reported outbreaks occurred in, or eventually reached, areas of low vaccination coverage but suitable for virus transmission, with an unprecedented risk of expansion to densely populated territories in Africa, South America and Asia. As reflected in the World Health Organization’s initiative launched in 2017, it is high time to strengthen epidemiological surveillance to monitor accurately, viral dissemination and redefine vaccination recommendation areas. Vector-control and immunisation measures need to be adapted and vaccine manufacturing must be reconciled with an increasing demand. We will have to face more YF cases in the upcoming years hence, improving disease management through the development of efficient treatments will prove most beneficial. Undoubtedly, these developments will require in-depth descriptions of YFV biology at molecular, physiological and ecological levels. This second section of the two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.

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Yellow Fever Outbreak in Eastern Senegal, 2020–2021

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13081475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1475

Author(s):

Moussa Moïse Diagne ◽

Marie Henriette Dior Ndione ◽

Alioune Gaye ◽

Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽

Diawo Diallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

World Health ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Ministry Of Health

Yellow fever virus remains a major threat in low resource countries in South America and Africa despite the existence of an effective vaccine. In Senegal and particularly in the eastern part of the country, periodic sylvatic circulation has been demonstrated with varying degrees of impact on populations in perpetual renewal. We report an outbreak that occurred from October 2020 to February 2021 in eastern Senegal, notified and managed through the synergistic effort yellow fever national surveillance implemented by the Senegalese Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organization, the countrywide 4S network set up by the Ministry of Health, the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, and the surveillance of arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human and vector populations implemented since mid 2020 in eastern Senegal. Virological analyses highlighted the implication of sylvatic mosquito species in virus transmission. Genomic analysis showed a close relationship between the circulating strain in eastern Senegal, 2020, and another one from the West African lineage previously detected and sequenced two years ago from an unvaccinated Dutch traveler who visited the Gambia and Senegal before developing signs after returning to Europe. Moreover, genome analysis identified a 6-nucleotide deletion in the variable domain of the 3′UTR with potential impact on the biology of the viral strain that merits further investigations. Integrated surveillance of yellow fever virus but also of other arboviruses of public health interest is crucial in an ecosystem such as eastern Senegal.

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Cutaneous lesions caused by the yellow fever vaccine – have you ever seen them?

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 498-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michelle Larissa Zini Lise ◽

Michael Laurence Zini Lise

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

South America ◽

Skin Rash ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Cutaneous Lesions ◽

Tropical Regions

SUMMARY The Yellow Fever virus was isolated in 1927 and the disease is considered endemic and epidemic in tropical regions of South America and Africa, with thousands of new cases reported annually. Several side effects of the vaccine have already been reported. Although reports of skin rash secondary to the vaccine range from 0 to 15%, no image or detailed description of the lesions were found in the literature. Here we describe a rash on a toddler vaccinated to travel.

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What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)

10.20944/preprints201805.0099.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Raphaëlle Klitting ◽

Ernest A. Gould ◽

Christophe Paupy ◽

Xavier de Lamballerie

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Central Africa ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

The Individual ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. YFV had been a human plague for centuries prior to the identification of its urban transmission vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito species, and the development of an efficient live-attenuated vaccine, the YF-17D strain. The combination of vector-control measures and vaccination campaigns drastically reduced YFV incidence in humans on many occasions, but the virus never ceased to circulate in the forest, through its sylvatic invertebrate vector(s) and vertebrate host(s). Outbreaks recently reported in Central Africa (2015-2016) and Brazil (since late 2016), reached considerable proportions in terms of spatial distribution and total numbers of cases, with multiple exports, including to China. In turn, questions regarding the likeliness of occurrence of large urban YFV outbreaks in the Americas or of a successful import of YFV to Asia are currently resurfacing. This two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology and transmission dynamics of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.

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Zika Virus: A Clinical Review

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v7i1.33766 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 719-725

Author(s):

Md Daharul Islam ◽

SM Tajdit Rahman ◽

Khaleda Akhter ◽

Md Azizul Hoque ◽

Anannya Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Abrupt Onset ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Antibodies Detection

Zika virus is a flavivirus related to Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus. It is considered an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquito of the genus Aedes. Its first description took place in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, isolated on Rhesus monkey used as bait to study the yellow fever virus. Clinical picture is characterized as a 'dengue-like' syndrome, with abrupt onset of fever; and an early onset of evanescent rash, often pruritic. Occasionally the disease has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The diagnosis can be performed by PCR or by IgG and IgM antibodies detection. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for Zika virus disease. Treatment is generally supportive. Control measures are same for dengue and chikungunya based mostly on health education and vector control.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 719-725

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Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential

10.1101/299842 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Faria N. R. ◽

Kraemer M. U. G. ◽

Hill S. C. ◽

Goes de Jesus J. ◽

de Aguiar R. S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Spatial Expansion ◽

Sex Distribution ◽

Transmission Potential ◽

Epidemiological Monitoring ◽

Age And Sex

AbstractThe yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic that began in Dec 2016 in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in BrazilianAedes sp.vectors highlights the urgent need to monitor the risk of re-establishment of domestic YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age- and sex-distribution of human cases in Brazil is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally using a new protocol reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission restricted to Minas Gerais, followed in late 2016 by a rise in viral spillover to humans, and the southwards spatial expansion of the epidemic towards previously YFV-free areas. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real-time, contributing to the global strategy of eliminating future yellow fever epidemics.

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Experimental Adaptation of the Yellow Fever Virus to the Mosquito Aedes albopictus and Potential risk of urban epidemics in Brazil, South America

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-32198-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fadila Amraoui ◽

Adrien Pain ◽

Géraldine Piorkowski ◽

Marie Vazeille ◽

Dinair Couto-Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Experimental Adaptation

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Recent sylvatic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil: the news from an old disease

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-019-1277-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva ◽

Lívia Sacchetto ◽

Izabela Maurício de Rezende ◽

Giliane de Souza Trindade ◽

Angelle Desiree LaBeaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Fever Virus

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Vírus Zika: Revisão para Clínicos

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.6929 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 760 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Vitor Laerte Pinto Junior ◽

Kleber Luz ◽

Ricardo Parreira ◽

Paulo Ferrinho

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Abrupt Onset ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

African Countries ◽

The Pacific ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Virus Zika

Zika virus is a flavivirus related to Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus. It is considered an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes. Its first description took place in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, isolated on Rhesus monkey used as bait to study the yellow fever virus. Sporadic cases have been detected in African countries and at the end of the 70’s in Indonesia. In 2007, epidemics were described in Micronesia and other islands in the Pacific Ocean and more recently in Brazil. Clinical picture is characterized as a ‘dengue-like’ syndrome, with abrupt onset of fever and an early onset evanescent rash, often pruritic. Occasionally the disease has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nevertheless, until now deaths and complications caused by the disease were not reported. The diagnosis can be performed by PCR or by IgG and IgM antibodies detection. The rapid spread of the virus and its epidemic potential are especially problematic in countries where there are the circulation of other arboviruses which<br />imposes difficulties in the differential diagnosis and healthcare burden. Control measures are the same recommended for dengue and chikungunya which are based in health education and vector control.

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