scholarly journals The Role of Probiotics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treatment: An Update of the Current Literature

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Bianco ◽  
Massimo Ralli ◽  
Domenico Michele Modica ◽  
Marta Amata ◽  
Salvatore Poma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
General Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Health

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant health problem. It affects 5–12% of the general population. The causes that underlie the onset of CRS are not yet well known. However, many factors may contribute to its onset, such as environmental factors and the host’s general condition. Medical treatment mainly uses local corticosteroids, nasal irrigation, and antibiotics. In recent years, a new therapeutic approach that employs the use of probiotics emerged. Probiotics have been extensively studied as a therapy for dysbiosis and inflammatory pathologies of various parts of the body. We aimed to examine the studies in vivo and in vitro and clinicals reports in the existing literature to update probiotics’ role in rhinosinusitis chronic medical treatment.

scholarly journals Probiotics Role in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treatment: an Update of the Current Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Bianco ◽  
Massimo Ralli ◽  
Domenico Michele Modica ◽  
Marta Amata ◽  
Salvatore Poma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Health

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant health problem. It affects 5%–12% of the general population. The causes that underlie the onset of CRS are not yet well known. However, many factors may contribute to its onset, such as environmental factors and the host’s condition. Medical treatment mainly uses local corticosteroids, nasal irrigation, and antibiotics. In recent years, a new therapeutic approach that employs the use of probiotics emerged. Probiotics have been extensively studied as a therapy for dysbiosis and inflammatory pathologies of various parts of the body . We aimed to examine the studies in the existing literature to update probiotics’ role in rhinosinusitis chronic medical treatment.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

scholarly journals Injectable non-leaching tissue-mimetic bottlebrush elastomers as an advanced platform for reconstructive surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Dashtimoghadam ◽  
Farahnaz Fahimipour ◽  
Andrew N. Keith ◽  
Foad Vashahi ◽  
Pavel Popryadukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Significant Health

AbstractCurrent materials used in biomedical devices do not match tissue’s mechanical properties and leach various chemicals into the body. These deficiencies pose significant health risks that are further exacerbated by invasive implantation procedures. Herein, we leverage the brush-like polymer architecture to design and administer minimally invasive injectable elastomers that cure in vivo into leachable-free implants with mechanical properties matching the surrounding tissue. This strategy allows tuning curing time from minutes to hours, which empowers a broad range of biomedical applications from rapid wound sealing to time-intensive reconstructive surgery. These injectable elastomers support in vitro cell proliferation, while also demonstrating in vivo implant integrity with a mild inflammatory response and minimal fibrotic encapsulation.

scholarly journals Injectable Non-leaching Tissue-mimetic Bottlebrush Elastomers: A New Platform for Advancing Reconstructive Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Dashtimoghadam ◽  
Farahnaz Fahimipour ◽  
Andrew Keith ◽  
Foad Vashahi ◽  
Pavel Popryadukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Significant Health

Abstract Current materials used in biomedical devices do not match tissue’s mechanical properties and leach various chemicals into the body. These deficiencies pose significant health risks that are further exacerbated by invasive implantation procedures. Herein, we leverage the brush-like polymer architecture to design and administer minimally invasive injectable elastomers that cure in vivo into leachable-free implants with mechanical properties matching the surrounding tissue. This strategy allows tuning curing time from minutes to hours, which empowers a broad range of biomedical applications from rapid wound sealing to time-intensive reconstructive surgery. These injectable elastomers support in vitro cell proliferation, while also demonstrating in vivo implant integrity with a mild inflammatory response and minimal fibrotic encapsulation.

scholarly journals Febrile temperatures increase in vitro antibody affinity for malaria and dengue antigens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan C. Stan ◽  
Katia S. Françoso ◽  
Rubens P.S. Alves ◽  
Luís Carlos S. Ferreira ◽  
Irene S. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
Adaptive Role

AbstractFever is a regulated elevation in the body setpoint temperature and may arise as a result of infectious and noninfectious causes. While beneficial in modulating immune responses to infection, the potential of febrile temperatures in regulating antigen binding affinity to antibodies has not been explored. We have investigated this process under in vitro conditions using selected malaria or dengue antigens and specific monoclonal antibodies, and observed a marked increase in the affinity of these antibody-antigen complexes at 40°C, compared to physiological (37°C) or pathophysiological temperatures (42°C). Induced thermal equilibration of the protein partners at these temperatures, prior to measurements, further increased their binding affinity. These results may indicate an unexpected beneficial and adaptive role for fever in vivo, and highlight the positive role of thermal priming in enhancing protein-protein affinity for samples of scarce availability.

scholarly journals The role of the angiotensins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Gordeev ◽  
Elena A. Galushko ◽  
Natalia M. Savushkina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The significant humoral effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on the regulation of the cardiovascular system and blood pressure has long been widely known. However, the identification and interpretation of new components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in recent years can significantly expand the range of its potential effects on the body. The anti-inflammatory effect of drugs that block angiotensin II and its receptors, including in rheumatic diseases, can become practically significant for General therapists by their effect on reducing the concentration of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis processes. The organoprotective and anti-inflammatory potentials of drugs that reduce the production of at demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments allow us to consider them as first-line angiotropic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, especially in the presence of pathology of the cardiovascular system and kidneys.

scholarly journals Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Franjo Banović ◽  
Horst Schroten ◽  
Christian Schwerk
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Listeriolysin O ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adhesion And Invasion

Although it rarely induces disease in humans, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is important due to the frequency of serious pathological conditions—such as sepsis and meningitis—it causes in those few people that do get infected. Virulence factors (VF) of Lm—especially those involved in the passage through multiple cellular barriers of the body, including internalin (Inl) family members and listeriolysin O (LLO)—have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, but the majority of work was focused on the mechanisms utilized during penetration of the gut and fetoplacental barriers. The role of listerial VF during entry into other organs remain as only partially solved puzzles. Here, we review the current knowledge on the entry of Lm into one of its more significant destinations, the brain, with a specific focus on the role of various VF in cellular adhesion and invasion.

scholarly journals Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Gastrodin In Vitro and In Vivo

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mahesh Raj Nepal ◽  
Ki Sun Jeong ◽  
Geon Ho Kim ◽  
Dong Ho Cha ◽  
Mi Jeong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

Alteration in the number and composition of intestinal microbiota affects the metabolism of several xenobiotics. Gastrodin, isolated from Gastrodia elata, is prone to be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota. In the present study, the role of intestinal microbiota in gastrodin metabolism was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Gastrodin was incubated in an anaerobic condition with intestinal contents prepared from vehicle- and antibiotics-treated rats and the disappearance of gastrodin and formation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) was measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that almost all gastrodin incubated with control intestinal contents was metabolized to its aglycone in time- and concentration-dependent manners. In contrast, much less formation of 4-HBA was detected in intestinal contents from antibiotics-treated rats. Subsequently, in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the antibiotic pretreatment of rats significantly affected the metabolism of gastrodin to 4-HBA. When administered orally, gastrodin was rapidly absorbed rapidly into plasma, metabolized to 4-HBA, and disappeared from the body within six hours. Interestingly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of 4-HBA were changed remarkably in antibiotics-treated rats, compared to control rats. The results clearly indicated that the antibiotics treatment of rats suppressed the ability of intestinal microbiota to metabolize gastrodin to 4-HBA and that, thereby, the pharmacodynamic action was significantly modulated.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced peptide TAG-23 protects cardiomyocytes from reperfusion injury through regulating PKG–cCbl interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijie Cheng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peptide Tag

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that proper exercise can reduce the risk of chronic disease and is beneficial to the body. Peptides have been shown to play an important role in various pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the role of exercise-induced peptides in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to explore the function and mechanism of TAG-23 peptide in reperfusion injury and oxidative stress. Treatment with TAG-23 peptide significantly improved cell viability, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS levels and reduced LDH release, the apoptosis rate and caspase 3 activation in vitro. In vivo, TAG-23 ameliorated MI and heart failure induced by I/R or DOX treatment. Pull-down assays showed that TAG-23 can bind to PKG . The TAG-23-PKG complex inhibited PKG degradation through the UPS. We also identified cCbl as the E3 ligase of PKG and found that the interaction between these proteins was impaired by TAG-23 treatment. In addition, we provided evidence that TAG-23 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Our results reveal that a novel exercise-induced peptide, TAG-23, can inhibit PKG degradation by serving as a competitive binding peptide to attenuate the formation of the PKG–cCbl complex. Treatment with TAG-23 may be a new therapeutic approach for reperfusion injury.

Distinct courses of infection withLeishmania(L.)amazonensisare observed in BALB/c, BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 mice

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO G. VELASQUEZ ◽  
MARIANA K. GALUPPO ◽  
ELOIZA DE REZENDE ◽  
WESLEY N. BRANDÃO ◽  
JEAN PIERRE PERON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cutaneous Form ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

SUMMARYLeishmania(L.)amazonensis[L.(L.)amazonensis] is widely distributed in Brazil and its symptomatic infections usually lead to few localized lesions and sometimes to diffuse cutaneous form, with nodules throughout the body, anergy to parasite antigens and poor therapeutic response. The variability of these manifestations draws attention to the need for studies on the pathophysiology of infection by this species. In this study, we analysed the course and immunological aspects ofL.(L.)amazonensisinfection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, both susceptible, but displaying different clinical courses, and athymic BALB/c nude, to illustrate the role of T cell dependent responses. We analysed footpad thickness and parasite burden byin vivoimaging. Furthermore, we evaluated the cellular profile and cytokine production in lymph nodes and the inflammatory infiltrates of lesions. Nude mice showed delayed lesion development and less inflammatory cells in lesions, but higher parasite burden than BALB/c and C57BL/6. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had similar parasite burdens, lesion sizes and infiltrates until 6 weeks after infection, and after that C57BL/6 mice controlled the infection. Small differences in parasite numbers were observed in C57BL/6 macrophagesin vitro, indicating thatin vivomilieu accounts for most differences in infection. We believe our results shed light on the role of host immune system in the course ofL.(L.)amazonensisinfection by comparing three mouse strains that differ in parasitaemia and inflammatory cells.

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