scholarly journals Exploring the “Cozy Cabal of Academics, Dealers and Collectors” through the Schøyen Collection

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Christopher Prescott ◽  
Josephine Munch Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
The Public ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiquities Trafficking

In the wake of the trade in ancient materials, several ethical and political issues arise that merit concern: the decimation of the cultural heritage of war-torn countries, proliferation of corruption, ideological connotations of orientalism, financial support of terrorism, and participation in networks involved in money laundering, weapon sales, human trafficking and drugs. Moreover, trafficking and trading also have a harmful effect on the fabric of academia itself. This study uses open sources to track the history of the private Schøyen Collection, and the researchers and public institutions that have worked with and supported the collector. Focussing on the public debates that evolved around the Buddhist manuscripts and other looted or illicitly obtained material from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, this article unravels strategies to whitewash Schøyen’s and his research groups’ activities. Numerous elements are familiar from the field of antiquities trafficking research and as such adds to the growing body of knowledge about illicit trade and collecting. A noteworthy element in the Schøyen case is Martin Schøyen and his partners’ appeal to digital dissemination to divorce collections from their problematic provenance and history and thus circumvent contemporary ethical standards. Like paper publications, digital presentations contribute to the marketing and price formation of illicit objects. The Norwegian state’s potential purchase of the entire Schøyen collection was promoted with the aid of digital dissemination of the collection hosted by public institutions. In the wake of the Schøyen case, it is evident that in spite of formal regulations to thwart antiquities trafficking, the continuation of the trade rests on the attitudes and practice of scholars and institutions.

“The Pleasures of Merely Circulating”

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Caroline Gelmi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early American ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Early National ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Cultural Functions

Caroline Gelmi, “‘The Pleasures of Merely Circulating’: Sappho and Early American Newspaper Poetry” (pp. 151–174) This essay examines how early national verse cultures Americanized the popular figure of Sappho. Newspaper parodies of fragment 31, which circulated widely in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, mocked English poet Ambrose Philips’s well-known translation of Sappho’s “Phainetai moi” ode in order to address concerns over the role of Englishness in the United States. The parodies achieved these political effects by allegorizing their own conditions of print circulation and deflating the cultural associations of fragment 31 and Philips’s translation with the lyric. In this way, these poems were able to address a number of political issues, from English imperialism in Ireland to the specter of English aristocracy in the U.S. federal government. This study of Sappho’s role as a figure for American print circulation in the early nineteenth century also offers a pre-history of the more familiar midcentury association of Sappho with the Poetess. As a figure for the Poetess, Sappho came to embody anxieties over female authors in the marketplace, representing concerns that the public circulation of the Poetess’ work and the promiscuous circulation of her body were one and the same. This essay tells the rich backstory to these more familiar concepts, tracing Sappho’s earlier entanglements with print circulation and the political and cultural functions she served.

Embodied Reasons in the Public Sphere: The Example of the Hijab

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-512
Author(s):  
Thomas Wabel
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
The Public Sphere

In public debates on moral or political issues between participants from different religious backgrounds, liberal and secular thinkers like John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas recommend to restrict oneself to free-standing reasons that are independent of their religious, social or cultural origin. Following German philosopher Matthias Jung, however, I argue that such reasons fall short of describing the relevance of the issue in question for the adherents of a specific religion or worldview. Referring to the debates in several European countries about the hijab, I am showing how a deeper understanding of reasons as embodied in social practices and as embodied in individual biographies can help to disentangle such debates and to facilitate a dialogue on these issues.

Staging Integration

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-71
Author(s):  
Rebekah J. Kowal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Between 1943 and 1952, the American Museum of Natural History sponsored a dance program called Around the World with Dance and Song. Chapter 1 focuses on the history of this program as evidence of the museum’s efforts to stage globalism. Drawing on extensive archival materials, the chapter documents the role of director Hazel Lockwood Muller to develop the program as part of the museum’s larger educational outreach activities. The chapter details how over the course of its history the program met growing cultural expectations that public institutions such as museums serve the public good. Serving in this capacity, the museum become a de facto concert dance venue, elevating the profile of international dance performance in New York City and for the nation and heightening a globalist consciousness among its audiences. Even so, the museum’s performances and the challenges the museum faced in sustaining them manifested the difficulties of putting globalism into practice. While the program was successful in elevating values of ethnic self-definition in embodied dance practices, it promoted an ideology of cultural integrationism that maintained dominant universalist assumptions about Western cultural superiority.

Afacerea artei. Piața de artă în Țările de Jos în sec. al XVII-lea

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 232-265
Author(s):  
Silvia Suciu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Auction Houses ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The art market is a system by which the artwork reaches the public - collectors, museums, public institutions. Thus, the artwork becomes “merchandise” and its journey begins in the artist’s workshop and ends by being shown to the public. During centuries, the art market has registered many changes, according to different factors, such as: political regimes, economical and social crises, artistic tastes of the collectors. Until the 16th century, the public of the artwork was the church, the royal families or the aristocracy; in time, the work of art gained a wider audience. At the beginning, the transactions on the art market were made between the artist-producer and the commissioner-buyer. The market evolved and between the artist and the commissioner have interfered other persons or institutions such as the merchant, the dealer, auction houses, galleries. There are collectors in the history of art that started from the idea of making their own collections, building up powerful empires that promote and sell artists and their works. Depending on centuries or historical moments, the “rules of the game” have changed, and the evolution of the art market has led to the evolution of collective and individual perception of the artwork. As the rules and principles of the actual art market begun in Netherlands, in 16th-17th centuries, this article intends to study the historical context that has led to the evolution of the art market.

Secularization, Deprivatization, and the Reappearance of ‘Public Religion’ in Japanese Society

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Allied Occupation ◽  
Restoration Movement ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Religion In Public Life

Abstract Sociological theories about the fate of religion in modern societies originated in Europe and were initially based on the history of Western Christianity. Whether or not these theoretical perspectives are useful for the analysis of other religious traditions in non-Western regions of the world has been the focus of considerable debate for decades. This article engages some of the familiar theories of secularization in light of major developments in Japanese religion and society over the past two centuries. While it has been widely assumed that modernization inevitably brings with it a decline in religion, the first phase of this process in Japan was accompanied by the creation of a powerful new form of religion—State Shintō—that served to unite the nation around a common set of symbols and institutions for half a century. This was followed by the rapid and forced secularization of Shintō during the Allied Occupation (1945-1952), which essentially privatized or removed it from public institutions. Since the end of the Occupation, however, there has been an ongoing movement to restore the special status of Shintō and its role in the public sphere. Even though recent case studies and survey research indicate that individual religiosity and organized religions are facing serious decline today, the reappearance of religion in public life and institutions represented by this restoration movement also needs to be taken into account in our assessment of secularization in contemporary Japan.

scholarly journals The adventures of psychiatric reform in Greece: 1999–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Madianos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Reform

Psychiatric care in Greece has a long history of traditional in-patient treatment in large public institutions (the public asylum period), which lasted until 1983. European Economic Community (EEC) intervention in 1984 marked a transitional period (1984–1989) characterised by the beginning of the transformation of the mental healthcare system. The current reform era started in 1999 and has included new mental health law, the closure of six public mental hospitals and the establishment of several sectorised mental health services.

scholarly journals The Partnership between the Public and Private Alternative or Supportive Iraq and Algeria as a Model for the Period (2004-2020)

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132
Author(s):  
Ghassan Tareq Dhahir ◽  
Wadhah Raheem Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

The study analysed the reality of partnership between the public and private sectors in Iraq and Algeria by highlighting the history of partnership in both countries and the legal legislation and the most important partnership contracts through existing investments. The study concluded that the reality of partnership in both alternatives is still weak and that most of the investments were not industrial. The task or the main sectors, but rather some public services administration projects, which may be covered by the state’s public institutions, in addition to the fact that the total existing projects are very little compared to some Arab countries that have come a long way in this harm, such as the UAE, Qatar and even Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals From “Bioethics” to “Christian Bioethics”: Significance of H.T. Engelhardt’s Legacy in Today’s Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Nataliya Shok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Public Sphere

A perception of “Christian bioethics” developed by the American philosopher Hugo Tristram Engelhardt in Russia requires a systematic interdisciplinary analysis. This is due to the realities of medical practice, as well as cultural and historical differences between the Russian and American societies. In Russia, there are certain difficulties in the open discussion of ethical issues in the public sphere. However, the recently growing participation of the Orthodox Church in public debates on the issues of medicine and biotechnology produce a basis for a reception of Engelhardt’s Christian bioethics. This article presents an analysis of how Engelhardt’s academic carrier was connected to his personal transformation, and how a “logical positivist” and physician interested in genetics, through his studies of continental philosophy, history of medicine, Catholicism and bioethics, came up finally as a founder of Christian bioethics based on Eastern Christian Orthodoxy. This analysis is purposed to expand the theoretical discussion of moral dilemmas posed at the intersection of medicine, religion and philosophy within the Russian academic discourse.

Thinking the Unthinkable

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Ian Ward
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Tony Blair ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter concentrates on the legal and political issues that arose during the so-called ‘war on terror’ in the first decades of the twenty-first century. Issues that were addressed, very directly, in a series of ‘verbatim’ plays written and produced in that moment. Amongst the most renowned were the so-called ‘Tribunal’ plays written by Richard Norton-Taylor. The genre, as the nomenclature suggests, sought to re-present various high-profile cases and judicial inquiries on the public stage. Whilst the chapter considers a number of different ‘verbatim’ plays, it focusses more closely on Norton-Taylor’s Called to Account. This play is unusual in that it presents a ‘virtual’ history of a fictitious trial, on war crimes charges, of the former Prime Minister, Tony Blair. In so doing, it challenges the defining pretence of the ‘verbatim’ genre; that the simple presentation of legal and quasi-legal transcript confirms the veracity of the text.

DE-LACANIZING BIOGRAPHIES: LACAN’S, FREUD’S AND ONE’S OWN. AN INTERVIEW WITH ÉLISABETH ROUDINESCO

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-81
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Problems

Logos interviewed the well-known psychoanalyst and historian of psychoanalysis on the occasion of the release of the Russian translation of her biography Freud: In His Time and Ours as a joint publication of the Garage Centre for Contemporary Culture and Ad Marginem Press. The interview begins with a review of her intellectual biography: her education, those who influenced her (Althusser, Canguilhem, de Certeau, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, Lacan, Michelle Perrot), studies of the history of psychoanalysis (Jacques Lacan’s biography, the history of French psychoanalysis, the vocabulary of psychoanalysis, works on the “geopolitics” of psychoanalysis), and her debate with radical anti-Freudians (Onfray and American historians of psychoanalysis). When Roudinesco saw that there was no holistic and French approach to the figure of Freud, she undertook a study modelled on medievalist Jacques Le Goff ’s biography of Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). That choice was deliberate because the history of modern subjectivity can be traced back to the Early Middle Ages when private confidential confession replaced the public admission of fault. Roudinesco felt that it was important to “de-Lacanize” Freud (just as Lacan himself had previously refused to treat his biography in terms of his own theory). A biography of Freud should be both familial and political (covering issues of emancipation and Jewish assimilation among others). One of the keys to his success was the elevation of individual clinical problems to a universal cultural-mythological level. Freud did not reveal the unconscious as the source of human behaviour. Instead, he converted the familial and political circumstances of his era into the unconscious. His errors and should be explained rather than charged against him. At the close of the interview, Roudinesco speaks out about current French and Russian political issues.

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