scholarly journals The Senescence-Associated Endonuclease, PhENDO1, Is Upregulated by Ethylene and Phosphorus Deficiency in Petunia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Jones ◽  
Shuangyi Bai ◽  
Yiyun Lin ◽  
Laura J. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
N Starvation

The upregulation of endonuclease activities and subsequent decreases in the nucleic acid content of leaves and petals are characteristics of senescence that allow for nutrient remobilization from dying organs. We previously identified a 43-kDa endonuclease activity (PhNUC1) that was upregulated in Petunia × hybrida petals during senescence. PhNUC1 has optimal activity at neutral pH, is enhanced by Co2+, and degrades both DNA and RNA. The peptide sequence of a 43-kDa endonuclease identified from senescing petals by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to clone the gene (PhENDO1) encoding the senescence-associated protein. PhENDO1 expression was upregulated in petals during the senescence of unpollinated and pollinated flowers and by ethylene treatment. When petunias were grown under nutrient deficient conditions, P-starvation, and to a lesser extent N-starvation, induced expression of PhENDO1. The endogenous expression of PhENDO1 was down regulated using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS), and in-gel endonuclease assays confirmed that the activity of the 43-kDa PhNUC1 was decreased in senescing corollas from PhENDO1-silenced (pTRV2:PhCHS:PhENDO1) plants compared to controls (pTRV2:PhCHS). Down regulating PhENDO1 in petunias did not alter flower longevity. While PhENDO1 may be involved in nucleic acid catabolism during senescence, down regulating this gene using VIGS was not sufficient to delay flower senescence.

Effects of reproduction in sheep on the rate of cell division and nucleic acid content of the ruminal mucosa

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Moon ◽  
Rosa M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
And Control

SummaryThe weight of the ruminal mucosa of breeding Blackface ewes and its total DNA and RNA content rose after parturition to reach a peak at 45 days post partum. There were no constant significant changes with time in the concentration of the nucleic acids.It was found that there was a positive correlation between the amount of food eaten during the final week of life and the weight of the ruminal mucosa and the length of ruminal papillae. The mitotic index of the ruminal epithelial cells was very variable but most of the higher values occurred between 7 and 80 days post partum. The mitotic index could not be correlated with the amount of food eaten in the week before slaughter, but high values were not recorded when the food intake of lactating ewes was restricted to that of non-breeding controls. It is suggested that the most likely explanation for these findings is that in the ruminal epithelium of lactating ewes fed to appetite, oell division occurred in waves or bursts.Hyperkeratosis of the ruminal epithelium occurred in pregnant and control animals but regressed during lactation and reappeared in the post-weaning period. The inverse relationship between the hyperkeratosis and the rate of cell division is of great interest when considering the aetiology of ruminal disease.

Influence of the RNA content on oogenesis in the bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Jag Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
Total Dna

Developing egg chambers of Drosophila melanogaster (wild-type and bobbed mutants) have been examined for their nucleic acid content by cytophotometric methods. No differences were observed in the total DNA and RNA content of the egg chambers at all stages between the bobbed mutants and the wild type. It is shown that the process of oogenesis in bobbed females is prolonged, and that this prolongation occurs at all the stages of oocyte development. Since the ovaries of the bobbed females synthesize less rRNA per unit time, it is likely that this prolongation allows the egg chambers of the bobbed females to normalize their RNA content. When they achieve a given RNA content, they proceed to the next stage of development.

scholarly journals Ameliorating effects of Vit-C on protein and nucleic acid content in dimecron intoxicated chick embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Biplab Kumar Behera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Made In ◽  
Vit C

Dimecron when introduced into the fertilized hen’s egg at a certain dose before incubation shows a characteristic and interesting feature which has been studied and discussed. A quantitative study of proteins from different organs viz. liver, kidney and brain has been made in the present study. A significant reduction in the quantity of the protein of all the organs is observed. The study witnessed the activity of DNA and RNA that undergoes a decline in its quantity by the action of the pesticide. The toxic effect of pesticides is recovered by the use of ameliorating agent like Vit C. Keywords: Atropine, DNA, organophosphate, protein, RNA, Vit-C.

scholarly journals THE RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES OF DIFFERENT SIZES STUDIED BY ULTRAVIOLET CYTOPHOTOMETRY

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO MARIANO GARCIA ◽  
PATRICIA A. N. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna And Rna

Rat mononuclears (lymphocytes and monocytes) were studied for total nucleic acid content by means of ultraviolet cytophotometry. Another set was treated with ribonuclease, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was measured using the same technique. It was found that total nucleic acid content (DNA and RNA) increases linearly with cell size from about 20 units in lymphocytes having 5 µ in diameter up to around 30 units in cells having 12-14 µ in diameter; this is to say, an almost 50% increase for a 6-7-fold enlargement. After ribonuclease treatment, however, the value of the integrated extinction (DNA) tends to remain constant for different cell sizes. A 650% variation in area is accompanied by a DNA change of less than 6%. The differences between treated and nontreated cells are nonsignificant for populations having up to 7.0-7.5 µ in diameter, which implies that small lymphocytes either have a negligible amount of RNA or that the instrument is not sensitive enough to detect it (less than 7% of the DNA content, this figure being the random error of our technique). These differences become highly significant for mononuclears having 8 µ or more in diameter. Therefore, while DNA tends to be constant and independent from cell size, RNA content tends to be harmoniously inconstant, since it is correlated with cell (and nuclear) size and degree of chromatin diffusion.

Changes in DNA and RNA in the rat adenohypophysis following bilateral adrenalectomy, sham adrenalectomy, and the chronic injection of cortisol

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Kraicer ◽  
Su Chiau Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Chronic Injection

Changes in adenohypophyseal DNA and RNA content were determined as a function of time following adrenalectomy, sham adrenalectomy, and the chronic injection of cortisol. The stess of operation resulted in a transient increase in adenohypophyseal nucleic acid content, whereas the increase in secretion of ACTH induced by feedback control did not. An attempt is made to correlate the changes in nucleic acid content with the concurrent changes in the intensity of biosynthesis of ACTH.

EFFECTS OF ADMINISTERING ANTISERA TO MOUSE GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN ON GAIN IN LITTER WEIGHT AND ON MAMMARY NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF LACTATING C3H MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. SINHA ◽  
U. J. LEWIS ◽  
W. P. VANDERLAAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
C3h Mice

SUMMARY The effects of administering antiserum to mouse growth hormone (GH) and prolactin on lactation and mammary nucleic acid content of C3H mice were studied. Injections of either antisera to lactating mothers suppressed the gain in body weight of their suckling young, GH antiserum more readily than prolactin antiserum. A combined injection of the two antisera resulted in an immediate retardation of the gain in body weight of the young. Although both antisera reduced DNA and RNA content of the mammary gland, GH antiserum appeared to affect DNA content predominantly whereas prolactin antiserum affected RNA: DNA ratio, suggesting involvement of GH primarily in cell proliferation and of prolactin in protein synthesis. Both antisera abolished the gain in maternal body weight. Mouse GH antiserum decreased maternal adrenal weight whereas both antisera reduced ovarian weight. The results suggest that both GH and prolactin may be involved in normal lactation and in maintenance of body weight in C3H mice.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND/OR DEFICIENCY OF PITUITARY PROLACTIN SECRETION ON INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN MICE

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI NAGASAWA ◽  
REIKO YANAI
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Average Body

SUMMARY In order to examine the effects of deficiency of adrenal corticosteroids and/or prolactin on the initiation and maintenance of lactation in mice, C3H/He female mice were adrenalectomized and/or implanted during days 13–15 of pregnancy with a pellet of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (EC), a potent inhibitor of pituitary prolactin secretion. Average body weights of the young and mammary contents of DNA and RNA were determined on days 0 (day of parturition) and 10 of lactation. On day 0, no differences in these parameters were found among groups, and plenty of milk was present in the stomachs of the young. Furthermore, the treatments did not affect the duration of pregnancy, the number of still-born young or the maternal behaviour at parturition. All young in the group adrenalectomized and implanted with EC died by day 2. Adrenalectomy or implantation of EC retarded the growth of young after day 2 and decreased markedly the mammary nucleic acid content on day 10. These results strongly suggest that adrenal corticosteroids and prolactin play minor roles in the initiation of lactation at parturition, while they are indispensable for the maintenance of lactation in mice.

High-resolution nucleic acid sequence mapping via in situ hybridization at the Electron Microscope level

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
B.A. Hamkalo ◽  
S. Narayanswami ◽  
A.P. Kausch
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna

The availability of nonradioactive methods to label nucleic acids an the resultant rapid and greater sensitivity of detection has catapulted the technique of in situ hybridization to become the method of choice to locate of specific DNA and RNA sequences on chromosomes and in whole cells in cytological preparations in many areas of biology. It is being applied to problems of fundamental interest to basic cell and molecular biologists such as the organization of the interphase nucleus in the context of putative functional domains; it is making major contributions to genome mapping efforts; and it is being applied to the analysis of clinical specimens. Although fluorescence detection of nucleic acid hybrids is routinely used, certain questions require greater resolution. For example, very closely linked sequences may not be separable using fluorescence; the precise location of sequences with respect to chromosome structures may be below the resolution of light microscopy(LM); and the relative positions of sequences on very small chromosomes may not be feasible.

Application of Ogur & Rosen's Method for the Determination of Nucleic Acid Content of Bacteria

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyasu KAWASAKI ◽  
Ichiro TAKI ◽  
Chiaki WATANABE ◽  
Kiyoshi MATOBA ◽  
Mokichiro NISHIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content

scholarly journals Using flow cytometry and light-induced fluorescence technique to characterizethe variability and characteristics of bioaerosols in springtime at Metro Atlanta, Georgia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Negron ◽  
Natasha DeLeon-Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha M. Waters ◽  
Luke D. Ziemba ◽  
Bruce Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Spores And Pollen

Abstract. The abundance and speciation of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) is important for understanding their impacts on human health, cloud formation and ecosystems. Towards this, we have developed a protocol for quantifying PBAP collected from large volumes of air with a portable wet-walled cyclone bioaerosol sampler. A flow cytometry (FCM) protocol was then developed to quantify and characterize the PBAP populations from the sampler, which were confirmed against epifluorescence microscopy. The sampling system and FCM analysis were used to study PBAP in Atlanta, GA over a two-month period and showed clearly defined populations of DNA-containing particles: Low Nucleic Acid-content particles (bioLNA), High Nucleic Acid-content particles (HNA) being fungal spores and pollen. We find that daily-average springtime PBAP concentration (1 to 5 μm diameter) ranged between 1.4 × 104 and 1.1 × 105 m−3. The BioLNA population dominated PBAP during dry days (72 ± 18 %); HNA dominated the PBAP during humid days and following rain events, where HNA (e.g., wet-ejected fungal spores) comprised up to 92 % of the PBAP number. Concurrent measurements with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4A) showed that FBAP and total FCM counts are similar; HNA (from FCM) significantly correlated with ABC type FBAP concentrations throughout the sampling period (and for the same particle size range, 1–5 μm diameter). However, the FCM bioLNA population, possibly containing bacterial cells, did not correlate to any FBAP type. The lack of correlation of any WIBS FBAP type with the bioLNA suggest bacterial cells may be more difficult to detect with autofluorescence than previously thought. Ιdentification of bacterial cells even in the FCM (bioLNA population) is challenging, given that the fluorescence level of stained cells at times may be comparable to that seen from abiotic particles. HNA and ABC displayed highest concentration on a humid and warm day after a rain event (4/14), suggesting that both populations correspond to wet-ejected fungal spores. Overall, information from both instruments combined reveals a highly dynamic airborne bioaerosol community over Atlanta, with a considerable presence of fungal spores during humid days, and a bioLNA population dominating bioaerosol community during dry days.

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