scholarly journals THE RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES OF DIFFERENT SIZES STUDIED BY ULTRAVIOLET CYTOPHOTOMETRY

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO MARIANO GARCIA ◽  
PATRICIA A. N. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna And Rna

Rat mononuclears (lymphocytes and monocytes) were studied for total nucleic acid content by means of ultraviolet cytophotometry. Another set was treated with ribonuclease, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was measured using the same technique. It was found that total nucleic acid content (DNA and RNA) increases linearly with cell size from about 20 units in lymphocytes having 5 µ in diameter up to around 30 units in cells having 12-14 µ in diameter; this is to say, an almost 50% increase for a 6-7-fold enlargement. After ribonuclease treatment, however, the value of the integrated extinction (DNA) tends to remain constant for different cell sizes. A 650% variation in area is accompanied by a DNA change of less than 6%. The differences between treated and nontreated cells are nonsignificant for populations having up to 7.0-7.5 µ in diameter, which implies that small lymphocytes either have a negligible amount of RNA or that the instrument is not sensitive enough to detect it (less than 7% of the DNA content, this figure being the random error of our technique). These differences become highly significant for mononuclears having 8 µ or more in diameter. Therefore, while DNA tends to be constant and independent from cell size, RNA content tends to be harmoniously inconstant, since it is correlated with cell (and nuclear) size and degree of chromatin diffusion.

The nucleic acid content of peripheral nerve in degeneration and activity

1956 ◽  
Vol 144 (917) ◽  
pp. 520-527 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Total nucleic acid (TNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of degenerating and stimulated sciatic nerves of rabbits have been determined. The ratio DNA/TNA in normal nerves was 0·59. In degenerating nerve the total nucleic acid content increased during the first 96 h, though there was little increase in DNA, the increase being presumably mainly in the fraction containing ribonucleic acid (RNA). On the contralateral side the TNA content remained unchanged, but the DNA/TNA ratio decreased to a small extent. After stimulation of the sciatic nerve for 4 h TNA remained unchanged but DNA decreased markedly.

scholarly journals Cytological and Biochemical Studies of Anucleolate Xenopus Larvae

1962 ◽  
Vol s3-103 (61) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
H. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
And Function

A larval lethal mutant of Xenopus laevis lacks true nucleoli but possesses analogous intranuclear organelles, here termed blobs, which are smaller and more numerous than nucleoli. Cytochemical tests reveal that blobs (like nucleoli) contain ribonucleic acid (RNA), arginine, and alkaline phosphatase, but probably no Feulgen-positive material. Anucleolate larvae are deficient in cytoplasmic RNA. By biochemical methods the nucleic acid content of anucleolate embryos is found to be normal at the tail-bud stage, but does not increase after this. By the time they hatch, anucleolate larvae are deficient in both RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The implications of this and related mutations on the formation and function of the nucleolus are considered. The term ‘blob’ is justified in that it would be misleading to regard such organelles as nucleoli produced by normally latent organizers.

scholarly journals Variations of bacterial-specific activity with cell size and nucleic acid content assessed by flow cytometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lebaron ◽  
P Servais ◽  
AC Baudoux ◽  
M Bourrain ◽  
C Courties ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content

scholarly journals Regulation of tropomyosin gene expression during myogenesis.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moss ◽  
R Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Rna Levels

In skeletal muscle, tropomyosin has a critical role in transduction of calcium-induced contraction. Presently, little is known about the regulation of tropomyosin gene expression during myogenesis. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative changes in the nucleic acid populations of differentiating chicken embryo muscle cells in culture have been examined. Total nucleic acid content per nucleus increased about fivefold in fully developed myotubes as compared to mononucleated myoblasts. The contribution of deoxyribonucleic acid to the total nucleic acid population decreased from 24% in myoblasts to 5% of total nucleic acid in myotubes. Concomitant with the decrement in deoxyribonucleic acid contribution to total nucleic acid was an increase in polyadenylated ribonucleic acid (RNA) content per cell which reached levels in myotubes that were 17-fold higher than those of myoblasts. Specific changes in the RNA population during myogenesis were further investigated by quantitation of the synthetic capacity (messenger RNA levels) per cell for alpha- and beta-tropomyosin. Cell-free translation and immunoprecipitation demonstrated an approximately 40-fold increase in messenger RNA levels per nucleus for alpha- and beta-tropomyosin after fusion in the terminally differentiated myotubes. Indirect immunofluorescence with affinity-purified tropomyosin antibodies demonstrated the presence of tropomyosin-containing filaments in cells throughout myogenesis. Thus, the tropomyosin genes are constitutively expressed during muscle differentiation through the production of tropomyosin messenger RNA and translation into tropomyosin protein.

Changes in the nucleic acid content of the uterus of sheep during involution following ovariectomy and following oestrogenic stimulation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Little ◽  
LJ Lambourne
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rna Concentration

The concentrations of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), in ovine uterine tissue were studied to determine whether the ratio RNA/DNA might be used in the bioassay of oestrogenic activity. As the uterus decreased in size with time after ovariectomy, the concentration of DNA increased markedly, but the total content of DNA in the uterus remained constant (mean value 342 ? 8 (SE) mg). The RNA concentration of the tissue decreased during involution, with the result that a highly significant reduction of 33% in the RNA/DNA ratio occurred within 2 weeks of ovariectomy. The ratio decreased further with time. Other ewes were treated for 3 days with diethylstilboestrol dipropionate (10 µg/day), commencing 2 weeks after ovariectomy; the stage of the oestrous cycle at which the ovaries were removed had no effect on the response to the oestrogen. Changes in the nucleic acid concentrations in the uteri of these ewes, and the results obtained during involution, indicate that the RNA/DNA ratio of uterine tissue in ovariectomized ewes has potential as a basis for the bioassay of materials of low oestrogenic potency.

Influence of the RNA content on oogenesis in the bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Jag Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
Total Dna

Developing egg chambers of Drosophila melanogaster (wild-type and bobbed mutants) have been examined for their nucleic acid content by cytophotometric methods. No differences were observed in the total DNA and RNA content of the egg chambers at all stages between the bobbed mutants and the wild type. It is shown that the process of oogenesis in bobbed females is prolonged, and that this prolongation occurs at all the stages of oocyte development. Since the ovaries of the bobbed females synthesize less rRNA per unit time, it is likely that this prolongation allows the egg chambers of the bobbed females to normalize their RNA content. When they achieve a given RNA content, they proceed to the next stage of development.

Regulation of tropomyosin gene expression during myogenesis

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
M Moss ◽  
R Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Total Nucleic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Rna Levels

In skeletal muscle, tropomyosin has a critical role in transduction of calcium-induced contraction. Presently, little is known about the regulation of tropomyosin gene expression during myogenesis. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative changes in the nucleic acid populations of differentiating chicken embryo muscle cells in culture have been examined. Total nucleic acid content per nucleus increased about fivefold in fully developed myotubes as compared to mononucleated myoblasts. The contribution of deoxyribonucleic acid to the total nucleic acid population decreased from 24% in myoblasts to 5% of total nucleic acid in myotubes. Concomitant with the decrement in deoxyribonucleic acid contribution to total nucleic acid was an increase in polyadenylated ribonucleic acid (RNA) content per cell which reached levels in myotubes that were 17-fold higher than those of myoblasts. Specific changes in the RNA population during myogenesis were further investigated by quantitation of the synthetic capacity (messenger RNA levels) per cell for alpha- and beta-tropomyosin. Cell-free translation and immunoprecipitation demonstrated an approximately 40-fold increase in messenger RNA levels per nucleus for alpha- and beta-tropomyosin after fusion in the terminally differentiated myotubes. Indirect immunofluorescence with affinity-purified tropomyosin antibodies demonstrated the presence of tropomyosin-containing filaments in cells throughout myogenesis. Thus, the tropomyosin genes are constitutively expressed during muscle differentiation through the production of tropomyosin messenger RNA and translation into tropomyosin protein.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Population of the Sulfur-Oxidizing Symbiont of Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia, Lucinidae) by Single-Cell Analyses

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Caro ◽  
Olivier Gros ◽  
Patrice Got ◽  
Rutger De Wit ◽  
Marc Troussellier
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Light Side

ABSTRACT We investigated the characteristics of the sulfur-oxidizing symbiont hosted in the gills of Codakia orbicularis, a bivalve living in shallow marine tropical environments. Special attention was paid to describing the heterogeneity of the population by using single-cell approaches including flow cytometry (FCM) and different microscopic techniques and by analyzing a cell size fractionation experiment. Up to seven different subpopulations were distinguished by FCM based on nucleic acid content and light side scattering of the cells. The cell size analysis of symbionts showed that the symbiotic population was very heterogeneous in size, i.e., ranging from 0.5 to 5 μm in length, with variable amounts of intracellular sulfur. The side-scatter signal analyzed by FCM, which is often taken as a proxy of cell size, was greatly influenced by the sulfur content of the symbionts. FCM revealed an important heterogeneity in the relative nucleic acid content among the subclasses. The larger cells contained exceptionally high levels of nucleic acids, suggesting that these cells contained multiple copies of their genome, i.e., ranging from one copy for the smaller cells to more than four copies for the larger cells. The proportion of respiring symbionts (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl-terazolium chloride positive) in the bacteriocytes of Codakia revealed that around 80% of the symbionts hosted by Codakia maintain respiratory activity throughout the year. These data allowed us to gain insight into the functioning of the symbionts within the host and to propose some hypotheses on how the growth of the symbionts is controlled by the host.

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF RAT LIVER AND MUSCLE

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA J. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone

SUMMARY Adult female rats were treated with purified pituitary growth hormone for 9 days, and the nucleic acid content of the liver and skeletal muscle determined. An increase was observed in the concentration of muscle ribonucleic acid, expressed per gram of nitrogen, as a result of the treatment. There were no changes in the ribonucleic acid concentration of liver. No changes were observed in the concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid in muscle or liver.

scholarly journals Ameliorating effects of Vit-C on protein and nucleic acid content in dimecron intoxicated chick embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Biplab Kumar Behera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Made In ◽  
Vit C

Dimecron when introduced into the fertilized hen’s egg at a certain dose before incubation shows a characteristic and interesting feature which has been studied and discussed. A quantitative study of proteins from different organs viz. liver, kidney and brain has been made in the present study. A significant reduction in the quantity of the protein of all the organs is observed. The study witnessed the activity of DNA and RNA that undergoes a decline in its quantity by the action of the pesticide. The toxic effect of pesticides is recovered by the use of ameliorating agent like Vit C. Keywords: Atropine, DNA, organophosphate, protein, RNA, Vit-C.

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