SNPs Associated with Foliar Phylloxera Tolerance in Hybrid Grape Populations Carrying Introgression from Muscadinia

Leaf-feeding phylloxera decreases the photosynthetic activity of a grape plant, leading to decreasing number of fruit buds. In addition, phylloxera larvae emerging from the leaf galls may colonize the roots, negatively affecting the growth of the grape plant. In this study, we evaluated host tolerance of three grapevine hybrid populations obtained from crossing of the same maternal grapevine M. no. 31-77-10 with interspecific hybrids carrying introgressions from Muscadinia and other North American Vitis species against leaf-feeding grape phylloxera. Combining genotyping data of the populations obtained with 12,734 SNPs and their resistance phenotypes evaluated in the laboratory experiment, we performed an association study. As the result of GWAS, nine SNPs with the lowest significant p-values were discovered in the whole sample of 139 hybrids as associated with variation of the scores ‘the percentage of infested leaves’ and ‘intensity of gall formation’. Three of the SNPs on LG 7 were located in the same chromosome interval where a major QTL (RDV6) for root phylloxera resistance was reported from Muscadine background. Two SNPs on LG 8 were detected within the gene, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UPL4 involved in apoptosis. SNPs detected on LG 13 and LG 18 may overlap with the previously reported QTLs for phylloxera resistance inherited from V. cinerea.

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Spongiform Neurodegeneration-associated E3 Ligase Mahogunin Ubiquitylates TSG101 and Regulates Endosomal Trafficking

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0787 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1129-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Bong Yoon Kim ◽

James A. Olzmann ◽

Gregory S. Barsh ◽

Lih-Shen Chin ◽

Lian Li

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Endosomal Trafficking ◽

Small Interfering Rnas ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Endosomal Sorting ◽

Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽

Downstream Signaling

A null mutation in the gene encoding the putative E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase Mahogunin causes spongiform neurodegeneration, a recessively transmitted prion-like disease in mice. However, no substrates of Mahogunin have been identified, and the cellular role of Mahogunin is unknown. Here, we report the identification of TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, as a specific Mahogunin substrate. We find that Mahogunin interacts with the ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain of TSG101 via its PSAP motif and that it catalyzes monoubiquitylation of TSG101 both in vivo and in vitro. Depletion of Mahogunin by small interfering RNAs in mammalian cells disrupts endosome-to-lysosome trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor, resulting in prolonged activation of a downstream signaling cascade. Our findings support a role for Mahogunin in a proteasome-independent ubiquitylation pathway and suggest a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration.

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Ontogenic Resistance to Uncinula necator Varies by Genotype and Tissue Type in a Diverse Collection of Vitis spp.

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-7-1067 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 1067-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Christopher T. Gee ◽

David M. Gadoury ◽

Lance Cadle-Davidson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Uncinula Necator ◽

Vitis Species ◽

Ontogenic Resistance ◽

High Level ◽

Vitis Spp

Berries of grapevine (Vitis spp.) have a limited window of susceptibility to Uncinula necator, the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew, until the onset of ontogenic resistance approximately 2 to 3 weeks postbloom. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in several cultivars of V. vinifera and in V. labruscana ‘Concord’, which all exhibited a similar duration of susceptibility. To identify genetic variation for ontogenic resistance, we screened a diverse collection of Vitis species and interspecific hybrids maintained in the USDA-ARS cold-hardy Vitis germplasm collection in Geneva, NY. Of the 79 genotypes whose fruit clusters were screened for susceptibility to powdery mildew under field conditions, 50 exhibited a high level of constitutive resistance to powdery mildew and did not develop more than trace levels of disease when inoculated, irrespective of the stage of berry development at inoculation. Twenty-four genotypes exhibited a significant gain of resistance as berries aged. This ontogenic resistance was conserved across four species and several interspecific hybrids of Vitis spp., although the timing of the onset of ontogenic resistance varied by genotype. The mechanism of ontogenic resistance was examined for four genotypes. Similar to previous studies, ontogenic resistance greatly reduced the incidence of successful penetration. Despite the broad conservation of ontogenic resistance across species, one genotype (V. rupestris ‘R-65-44’) remained susceptible past the onset of ripening, over 1 month later than reported previously for V. vinifera and V. labruscana. Variation in the resistance phenotype was observed among the rachis, pedicels, and berries within clusters of the majority of genotypes studied. The genetic variation in ontogenic resistance, in particular the discovery of a genotype in which berries remain susceptible as they mature, will facilitate further study of the inheritance and molecular basis of ontogenic resistance.

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Endogenous spartin (SPG20) is recruited to endosomes and lipid droplets and interacts with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 and AIP5

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20082398 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 423 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Thomas L. Edwards ◽

Virginia E. Clowes ◽

Hilda T. H. Tsang ◽

James W. Connell ◽

Christopher M. Sanderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Droplets ◽

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Complex Phenotype ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Spastic Paralysis ◽

E3 Ligases ◽

Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias

The HSPs (hereditary spastic paraplegias) are genetic conditions in which there is distal degeneration of the longest axons of the corticospinal tract, resulting in spastic paralysis of the legs. The gene encoding spartin is mutated in Troyer syndrome, an HSP in which paralysis is accompanied by additional clinical features. There has been controversy over the subcellular distribution of spartin. We show here that, at steady state, endogenous spartin exists in a cytosolic pool that can be recruited to endosomes and to lipid droplets. Cytosolic endogenous spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and we demonstrate that it interacts via a PPXY motif with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 [atrophin-interacting protein 4; WWP2 (WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2] and AIP5 (WWP1). Surprisingly, the PPXY motif, AIP4 and AIP5 are not required for spartin's ubiquitination, and so we propose that spartin acts as an adaptor for these proteins. Our results suggest that spartin is involved in diverse cellular functions, which may be of relevance to the complex phenotype seen in Troyer syndrome.

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A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92417-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryo Murakami ◽

Ryo Ushima ◽

Ryoma Sugimoto ◽

Daisuke Tamaoki ◽

Ichirou Karahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Host Plants ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Parasitic Plant ◽

Gall Formation ◽

Plant Morphogenesis ◽

Cuscuta Campestris ◽

Forming Behaviour ◽

Outer Environment

AbstractInsect-induced galls are microhabitats distinct from the outer environment that support inhabitants by providing improved nutrients, defence against enemies, and other unique features. It is intriguing as to how insects reprogram and modify plant morphogenesis. Because most of the gall systems are formed on trees, it is difficult to maintain them in laboratories and to comprehend the mechanisms operative in them through experimental manipulations. Herein, we propose a new model insect, Smicronyx madaranus, for studying the mechanisms of gall formation. This weevil forms spherical galls on the shoots of Cuscuta campestris, an obligate parasitic plant. We established a stable system for breeding and maintaining this ecologically intriguing insect in the laboratory, and succeeded in detailed analyses of the gall-forming behaviour, gall formation process, and histochemical and physiological features. Parasitic C. campestris depends on host plants for its nutrients, and usually shows low chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. We demonstrate that S. madaranus-induced galls have significantly increased CO2 absorbance. Moreover, chloroplasts and starch accumulated in gall tissues at locations inhabited by the weevil larvae. These results suggest that the gall-inducing weevils enhance the photosynthetic activity in C. campestris, and modify the plant tissue to a nutrient-rich shelter for them.

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Molecular Characterization and Genetic Relationships of Some Stress Tolerant Grape Rootstock Genotypes as Revealed by ISSR and SSR Markers

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v28i1.37200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 77-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kalpana Motha ◽

Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽

Anand Kumar Singh ◽

Rakesh Singh ◽

Manish Srivastav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Vitis Species ◽

Issr Analysis ◽

Ssr Analysis ◽

Band Size ◽

Ssr Primers

Grapevine rootstocks are a complex group of plants; most of them are interspecific hybrids evolved using parent genotypes having inherent tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Fifteen species and interspecific hybrids of grape rootstocks along with three Vitis vinifera cultivars from IARI germplasm unit were analyzed with ten ISSR and seven SSR primers combinations. These ISSR produced 69 scorable bands with band size ranged from 200 to 1500 bp, PIC from 0.66 to 0.86 and primer heterozygosity ranged from 0.71 to 0.88. While, SSR primers detected a total of 24 alleles across 15 genotypes with PIC from 0.43 to 0.78 and primer heterozygosity from 0.49 to 0.81.The genetic similarity among the 15 grape genotypes using ISSR and SSR ranged from 0.27 to 1.00 in ISSR and 0.05 to 1.00 in SSR analysis. The genetic similarity matrices using ISSR analysis ranged from 27.0 to 85.0% and SSR 5.0 to 83.0%, respectively. The Vitis species Dogridge and Salt Creek had the highest similarity coefficient of 85% with ISSR analysis, while the interspecific hybrids 1103 Paulsen and 110 Richtier had the maximum similarity coefficient of 83% as identified by SSR analysis. The two marker systems formed two main clusters which were almost similar to that of PCA values. The principal coordinate analysis further helped in depicting the variability among species and hybrids of grape genotypes in three dimensional modes. In case of ISSRs, the first three coordinates accounted 51.92% for the existing variability, while with SSRs the variability accounted is 59.69%. The results revealed that ISSR and SSR markers could be exploited for genetic diversity analysis among the highly heterozygous grape rootstock species and interspecific hybrids.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(1): 77-90, 2018 (June)

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Inactivation of the clpC1 Gene Encoding a Chloroplast Hsp100 Molecular Chaperone Causes Growth Retardation, Leaf Chlorosis, Lower Photosynthetic Activity, and a Specific Reduction in Photosystem Content

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.104.053835 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 136 (4) ◽

pp. 4114-4126 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Lars L.E. Sjögren ◽

Tara M. MacDonald ◽

Sirkka Sutinen ◽

Adrian K. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Growth Retardation ◽

Molecular Chaperone ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Leaf Chlorosis

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Differential expression of the denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog in cancers of the breast.

10.31219/osf.io/94nhx ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Survival Data ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Luminal A ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Significant Differential Expression ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Luminal B ◽

Ubiquitin Protein Ligase

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding the denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog, DTL, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. DTL mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of DTL in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B type cancers. DTL may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.

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Issues and pitfalls in the use of p-values

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia ◽

10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michel Jacques Counotte ◽

Shannon Axiak Flammer ◽

Sonja Hartnack

Keyword(s):

P Values

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B-Vitamins, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) and Hypertension

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000069 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 240-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mary Ward ◽

Carol P Wilson ◽

J J Strain ◽

Geraldine Horigan ◽

John M. Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Low Dose ◽

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽

Genetic Determinant ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Homocysteine Concentration ◽

Homozygous Mutant ◽

B Vitamin

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. A common polymorphism in the gene encoding the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), previously identified as the main genetic determinant of elevated homocysteine concentration and also recognized as a risk factor for CVD, appears to be independently associated with hypertension. The B-vitamin riboflavin is required as a cofactor by MTHFR and recent evidence suggests it may have a role in modulating blood pressure, specifically in those with the homozygous mutant MTHFR 677 TT genotype. If studies confirm that this genetic predisposition to hypertension is correctable by low-dose riboflavin, the findings could have important implications for the management of hypertension given that the frequency of this polymorphism ranges from 3 to 32 % worldwide.

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