scholarly journals A Case-Control Study on the Association between Salmonella Bacteriuria and Cystoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Eugene Y. H. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Urological Procedures ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

To date, there is only one published report of an outbreak of urinary tract infections by Salmonella species after cystoscopy. Disinfection procedures for cystoscope have come into question. The current study aimed to determine the odds of developing Salmonella bacteriuria after cystoscopy. A retrospective case-control study was conducted on all patients with Salmonella species in urine (case) and blood (control) from 2017 to 2019 in 16 hospitals in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Eight of the 11 patients had cystoscopy prior to Salmonella bacteriuria; three of the 74 patients had urological procedures prior to Salmonella bacteremia, but none of their procedures were cystoscopy. The odds ratio of urological procedures with Salmonella bacteriuria was 63.1 (95% CI 10.9 to 366.6; p < 0.0001). In the bacteriuria group, the most frequently identified isolates were Salmonella enteritidis (n = 8), followed by Salmonella oranienburg, and Salmonella heidelberg. Seven of the S. enteritidis isolates had identical susceptibilities (ampicillin-sensitive; sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-sensitive; ciprofloxacin intermediate). In the bacteremia group, the most frequently identified isolates were S. enteritidis (n = 22), followed by Salmonella typhi, S. heidelberg, S. oranienburg, and Salmonella typhimurium. The result suggested cystoscopy is a risk factor for Salmonella bacteriuria. Identification of Salmonella bacteriuria should prompt public health investigations of linkage between cystoscopy and Salmonella bacteriuria.

scholarly journals Adjacent-Level Ossification Development in Single-Level Standalone Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Plate

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822090274
Author(s):  
Christopher Huang ◽  
Ralph Mobbs ◽  
Michael Selby ◽  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Prashanth Rao
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Adjacent Level ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
Control Study

Study Design: Retrospective case control study. Objectives: Adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD) is a distinct form of adjacent segmental degeneration that has been recognized to occur after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). It is unclear whether ACDF with plate versus standalone has an effect on rates of ALOD. This retrospective case-control study aims to assess the rate of ALOD in a large series of patients undergoing ACDF with and without plate and factors causing ALOD. Methods: Data was collected for patients undergoing ACDF from January 2009 to July 2016. Data collected was from multiple centers and included demographic data, surgical data, radiological imaging at time of surgery, and serial follow-up imaging. The radiology for ALOD was independently reviewed. Cohorts were divided into ACDF with plate (Group P = plate) and ACDF without plate (Groups S = standalone) and outcomes were compared. Results: There were 260 patients with 138 (53%) in Group P and 122 (47%) in Group S. ALOD was observed in 15.3% of patients overall, 29% in group P and 2.8% in group S ( P < .001). Following multivariate adjustment, statistically significant association was found between use of plate and ALOD (odds ratio = 12.8, 95% confidence interval = 3.52-45.45, P < .001). Plate-to-disc distance <5 mm was significantly associated with ALOD (odds ratio = 13.5, 95% confidence interval = 3.83-47.62, P < .001). Conclusion: The use of anterior plate with ACDF was associated with ALOD. Plate-to-disc distance <5 mm was significantly associated with ALOD even after adjustment for confounding factors. We conclude utilization of standalone cages or cages with plate with more than 5 mm distance from adjacent disc to minimize ALOD.

Two Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis Associated with Monte Cristo Sandwiches

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE RIDZON ◽  
PATRICIA KLUDT ◽  
JOSEPH PEPPE ◽  
KHALIL SHARIFZADEH ◽  
SUSAN LETT
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Control Study

We report on two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis which occurred in 1992; both were associated with Monte Cristo sandwiches. The first outbreak, which occurred in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, was investigated as a case-control study, and involved 74 persons. The second outbreak, investigated as a cohort study, occurred in Brewster, Massachusetts, and involved 32 persons. Monte Cristo sandwiches were strongly implicated in both outbreaks; the odds ratio in the case-control study was 43, and the relative risk in the cohort study was 13. Food-preparation procedures were reviewed and food handlers were educated about safe food-preparation practices. Because of the short grilling time for Monte Cristo sandwiches, (usually several minutes) the eggs used in the preparation may only be partially cooked. As a result, this food should be viewed as high risk for S. enteritidis. Pasteurized eggs should be used to prepare Monte Cristo sandwiches, especially in a commercial setting.

scholarly journals Cluster of Salmonella Enteritidis in Sweden 2005-2006 – suspected source: almonds

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ledet Muller ◽  
M Hjertqvist ◽  
Lara Payne ◽  
H Pettersson ◽  
A Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Conditional Logistic Model ◽  
Control Study

Previous outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis in Canada and the United States have been associated with the consumption of almonds. From December 2005 to August 2006 a cluster of 15 cases of Salmonella Enteritidis NST 3+ was reported in Sweden. A case-control study was performed to identify the source of transmission. Three controls per case were randomly selected, matched on sex, age and place of residence. Cases and controls were interviewed by telephone and data were analysed with a conditional logistic model. The results showed that eating almonds was a risk factor for infection with Salmonella Enteritidis NST3+ (unmatched odds ratio 45.0, 95% confidence interval: 4.8-421.8). No Salmonella was isolated from almonds tested in the study. In conclusion, almonds could be the source of the outbreak and should be considered when investigating outbreaks as well as sporadic cases of Salmonella Enteritidis.

scholarly journals Characteristics of individuals with tuberculosis in an urban, poor population in Osaka City, Japan — a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Akira Shimouchi ◽  
Yuko Tsuda ◽  
Jun Komukai ◽  
Kenji Matsumoto ◽  
Hideki Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Current Alcohol

Objective: To identify individual characteristics related to the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among residents in the Airin area (Airin), Osaka City, Japan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of individual characteristics potentially related to the development of PTB by comparing PTB patients and residents without tuberculosis (TB) in Airin. The following binominal data of characteristics were compared: age (<65 or >65); body mass index (BMI) (<18.5 or >18.5);diabetes mellitus (diagnosed or not diagnosed); smoking (currently smoking any amount or not smoking); and alcohol use (currently drinking any amount or not drinking). Results: We compared the individual characteristics of 192 PTB patients notified from January 2015 to December 2018 and 190 residents of supportive houses who attended a health education programme from April 2016 to March 2018. Univariable analysis showed that the following characteristics were significantly related with PTB: BMI <18.5 (odds ratio [OR]: 6.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.58–11.97, P < 0.001) and current alcohol use (OR: 1.88; 95% CI:1.24–2.85, P = 0.003). Multivariable analysis showed similar results: BMI <18.5 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.90, 95% CI: 3.72–12.79, P < 0.001) and current alcohol use (aOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.36–3.42, P = 0.001). Discussion: Undernutrition and alcohol use are individual characteristics associated with PTB among residents in Airin, Osaka City. To strengthen the TB control programme further, it is suggested to develop new programmes for primary prevention.

Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Author(s):  
David Angelescu ◽  
Teodora Angelescu ◽  
Meda Romana Simu ◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document