scholarly journals Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Two-Age Bambusa tuldoides Briquettes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Dunja Zoe Powroschnik ◽  
Emanuel Rangel Spadim ◽  
Humberto Jesus Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Elaine Cristina Leonello ◽  
Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The use of natural resources as an energy source is a well-studied alternative to fossil fuels. Some studies present bamboo as promising biomass for energy generation, and its transformation into briquettes can be a way to take advantage of its production residues. This study’s objective was to determine the physical and chemical properties of two bamboo ages (two and seven years old) of Bambusa vulgaris species to evaluate biomass quality and its briquettes for energy generation. Regarding the higher heating value, there was no difference between treatments means values, which were 17.8 and 18.2 MJ kg−1 for two and seven years old, respectively, and these values were slightly below those found in the literature for Bambusa spp. The mechanical durability was of low quality for both treatments at the testing conditions, so they are not recommended for briquette production. The proximate analysis results were quite near the literature and reinforce bamboo’s positive qualities for biofuel usage.

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8147
Author(s):  
Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽  
Rattikan Neamchan ◽  
Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽  
Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽  
Boonma Panpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Horizontal Drum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

scholarly journals [NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Grazielle Gebrim Santos ◽  
Mara Reis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Replacers ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effect of replacing shortening and sugar on the physical and chemical properties of mangaba ice cream and its acceptability were evaluated. Ice cream formulations were tested with the following fat replacers: Selecta Light, Litesse, and Dairy Lo and the following sugar substitutes: Lactitol and Splenda. All formulations were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses and evaluated by acceptability tests. In the sensory analysis, it was observed a larger acceptance of the formulations containing Selecta Light (SL) and the combination of Litesse, Lactiol, and Splenda (LLS). The largest reduction in total energetic value (50%) was observed in the formulation LLS. The use of fat and/or sugar substitutes caused a reduction in the air incorporation (overrun) and affected viscosity. The highest melting speed was observed in the formulation with Dairy-Lo, Lactitol, and Splenda. All formulations showed good levels of global acceptability and appearance. The substitution of shortening for fat replacers caused a reduction in air incorporation and changes in ice-cream viscosity. The low-fat mangaba ice-cream elaborated with Selecta Light was the best formulation in terms of viscosity and air incorporation when compared with the control. It also showed a good level of acceptability and low fat content.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOCARVÃO A PARTIR DE BIOSSÓLIDOS ARMAZENADOS EM BAG’s GEOTÊXTEIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE RANCHARIA -SP

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Beatriz Regina de Ângelo ◽  
Rafaela Pelegrini Vital ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigo Alves ◽  
Jaqueline Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Melissa Arantes Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Stable Material ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Sewage sludge refers to a nutrient-rich by-product and organic matter from treatment plants and has become a challenge for many research segments to find a rational and sustainable destination for this material. In this context, the carbonization of biomass (by the pyrolysis process) results in biochar, characterized by a very stable material with specific physical and chemical properties and can represent a very important tool for this challenge. Thus, the objective of the present work was to transform, bypyrolysis process, small portions of the biosolid generated in Rancharia ETE into biochar. In addition, both the biosolid and the generated bicarbons were subjected to physical, chemical and structural analyzes in order to proceed with their respective characterization. From the analysis, it was found that the treatment submitted to temperature of 550°C as the best option for possible applications.Keywords:biosolid; pyrolysis; biochar.

scholarly journals Chemical modifications of castor oil: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Ntsako Portia Chauke ◽  
Hembe Elie Mukaya ◽  
Diakanua Bavon Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The necessity of using petrochemicals for the development of polymers has been deteriorating because of the depletion in fossil fuels and environmental concerns such as the effect of greenhouse gases, global warming, and increasing population. Research has shown a shift from petroleum-based fuels to plant oil–based fuels in order to shift to renewable resources. Natural oils such as castor oil have shown competitive physical and chemical properties as compared to fossil fuels. The use of natural oils has gained a lot of research interest due to the fact that they are renewable, affordable, and environmentally friendly. Bio-oils are versatile because they have various derivatives and can be used in different grades based on the application in various industries such as agriculture, food, paper, and electronics. Bio-binders have been considered as the most promising materials for the different applications. In this review, the processes of chemical modifications of castor oil are discussed.

The comparison of rapeseeds’ oils from hybrid and open-pollinated varieties by their heating values in the aspect of Diesel utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
E. Sarkozi ◽  
L. Janosi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The rape is one of the suitable plant species for biofuel feedstock in Hungary. Currently there are over 100 admitted rape sorts recorded in Hungary and their oils’ application as biodiesel proposes new aspects of evaluation. From references it is noticeable that there are differences in the physical and chemical properties of the various rape sorts’ oils and rapeseed-methyl-esters. Our aim is to analyze the differences in the quality of the various rape sorts’ oils and to determine the most appropriate rape sort in the viewpoint of technical utilization. In the course of present research work we have measured the heating values of 21 various rapesorts’ oils -12 from open-pollinated varieties and 9 from hybrids- and examined the differences between them. The outcome values dispersed in the range of the heating values found in the references, but the differences between them are less then the predicted, the variance and the coefficient of variation are reasonably slight, so the examined rape sorts’ oils are similar in the viewpoint of the heating value. Furthermore, the energy content of the rapeseed oils is independent of the type (hybrid or open-pollinated variety) of the plant.

The Physical and Chemical Properties Changes of Broth during Phellinus fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Zi Ping Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhong Chen ◽  
Bei Bei Lv ◽  
Xue Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Variation Tendency

The physical and chemical properties changes of broth in the fermentation process of Phellinus and its mutant strain were studied. The results showed that the mycelia yield of the two strains of Phellinus increased rapidly in the first 6 days and increased slowly 6 days later, the soluble protein content of broth took on an increasing trend, up to 0.15 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL respectively, the variation tendency of the content of polysaccharide and viscosities of broth were semblable, that was declined in the initial stage of fermentation and change little in later stage. The physical, chemical properties and viscosities show similarity in both two strains’ broth, therefore, the physical and chemical properties of broth in the fermentation process of Phellinus changed regularly.

The Utilization of Bamboo Residues and Grease Waste for Charcoal Briquette Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Supaporn Pongthornpruek ◽  
Achitpon Sasitharanuwat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
American Society ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study aims to investigate appropriate utilization of mixing grease waste (GW) from a canteen’s grease trap with bamboo residues charcoal (BC) to produce briquette fuel in the various ratio by weight, 1:2, 2:2, 3:2 and 4:2 (GW:BC). The physical and chemical properties of briquette fuel were analyzed to verify its heating value components as specified by the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). The results showed that the mixture of all components could produce charcoal briquette fuel. The GW:BC mixing ratios 3:2 and 4:2 have heating values exceeding the minimum requirement under the Thai Community Product Standard (tcps 238/2004). The briquettes mixing ratio of 3:2 was suitable for utilization. The heating value high to 7,938 cal/g on a dry basis.The charcoal briquette mixed with grease waste can be a feasible alternative energy source for incinerating which minimize to reduce waste.

scholarly journals Determining the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils in Babylon and Al-Qadisiyyah for Manufacturing Clay Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Muhsen O. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research included conducting a study of eight selected soil Stations in the Babylon and Al Qadisiyyah. The main target of the research is to study the physical, chemical, and compressive strength properties of these soils and their suitability for manufacturing ordinary clay bricks. It was found through the evaluation of the soils of the studied samples that their physical properties ranged as follows: the water content (13.52-31.88%) and the grain size analysis of the proportions of sand, silt, and clay as follows: (5-27%) (38-48%) (33-47%), respectively. The values of the Atterberg limits ranged as follows: the plastic limit ratios (13-21%), liquid limit (34-49%), plasticity index (13-28%), and the specific gravity ranged between (2.43-2.67). As for the chemical properties of the studied samples, they consist of a lot of silicates, carbonate calcium, and calcium oxide. Studied samples were characterized by water absorption 15-24%, and the efflorescence is varied from medium, low to nil. The soil samples are consequently considered as a suitable material for the manufacture of ordinary bricks in grades A and B based on Iraqi Standard specifications No. 25.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA E QUÍMICA DA BIOMASSA USADA COMO COMBUSTÍVEL SÓLIDO EM UMA CALDEIRA

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Carvalho ◽  
João Barros ◽  
Diego Silva ◽  
Gabriela Nakashima ◽  
Fábio Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS USED AS SOLID FUEL IN A BOILER. Biomass is a renewable energy source most used in the world, however, depending on the chemical properties and origin of the material used as biofuel, the amount of ash generated during combustion can be high, harming the energetic harnessing. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically and physically biomass: bark, sawdust, and urban pruning; used for energy generation. Also, part of the study was the physical characterization of briquettes produced from these materials. The analyzes performed to characterize the biomass were: moisture determination, higher heating value, proximate analysis and chemical composition - extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents. Subsequently, the biomass was briquetted and the mechanical properties of the briquettes were tested. The results showed that all biomass (bark, sawdust, and urban pruning) has the energy potential to be used in the industry. T1 briquettes (100% bark) showed the highest mechanical resistance. However, the formation of blends should be sought to minimize the ash content in the boiler. Thus, blends T2 and T3 can be considered as the best alternatives for the company.

Study of Corrosion-Electrochemical Behavior of Aluminum-Beryllium Alloys Alloyed with Yttrium, Lanthanum and Cerium

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
A.S. Safarov ◽  
T.D. Dzhuraev ◽  
M.I. Halimova ◽  
Z.M. Karieva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Foundry Alloys ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Advantage of alloys on the basis of system Al-Be,Al-Be-REM is raised technological, physical, chemical and corrosion resistance properties in damp and excessively aggressive atmospheres [. According to literary reviews, this alloys basically are foundry-hypoeuthectic and hypereuthectic, and the technology of moulding of these alloys very difficult and demands application of operations modifying. Difficultly deleted impurity basically (Fe), specifically influence phase structure, naturally influencing on physical and chemical properties industrial silumines with the maintenance not less than 0.4-0.5 %. Many additives as Fe, Mg, Ti, Be, especially in hypoeuthectic silumines increasing strength and foundry properties, can reduce them corrosion-resistance. In connection with the above-stated is of interest researches of influence of impurity such elements as, Be and REM on corrosion resistance industrial alumines. Studies corrosion-resistance spent samples potentiostatic a method on device " Potentiostate P-50" with a registering recorder in the environment of the muriatic solutions in a mode "Potential". he analysis of experimental data have shown, that addition Be, positively modifying structure of foundry alloys, reduces influences containing in it Fe, increases strength and corrosion resistance, which calculations testify experimental data of electrochemical indicators [2,3].

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