scholarly journals Gender Differences in Social Support Received by Informal Caregivers: A Personal Network Analysis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rodríguez-Madrid ◽  
María del Río-Lozano ◽  
Rosario Fernandez-Peña ◽  
Jaime Jiménez-Pernett ◽  
Leticia García-Mochón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Function

Social support is an important predictor of the health of a population. Few studies have analyzed the influence of caregivers’ personal networks from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, structure, and function of informal caregiver support networks and to examine gender differences. It also aimed to explore the association between different network characteristics and self-perceived health among caregivers. We performed a social network analysis study using a convenience sample of 25 female and 25 male caregivers. A descriptive analysis of the caregivers and bivariate analyses for associations with self-perceived health were performed. The structural metrics analyzed were density; degree centrality mean; betweenness centrality mean; and number of cliques, components, and isolates. The variability observed in the structure of the networks was not explained by gender. Some significant differences between men and women were observed for network composition and function. Women received help mainly from women with a similar profile to them. Men’s networks were broader and more diverse and they had more help from outside family circles, although these outcomes were not statistically significant. Our results indicate the need to develop strategies that do not reinforce traditional gender roles, but rather encourage a greater sharing of responsibility among all parties.

scholarly journals Personal Network Analysis in the Study of Social Support: The Case of Chronic Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Fernández-Peña ◽  
José Molina ◽  
Oliver Valero
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Support Providers

In the context of chronic illness, the individual’s social and relational environment plays a critical role as it can provide the informal support and care over time, beyond healthcare and social welfare institutions. Social Network Analysis represents an appropriate theoretical and methodological approach to study and understand social support since it provides measures of personal network structure, composition and functional content. The aim of this mixed method study is to present the usefulness of Personal Network Analysis to explore social support in the context of chronic pain. Personal and support network data of 30 people with chronic pain (20 alters for each ego, 600 relationships in total) were collected, obtaining measures of personal network structure and composition as well as information about social support characteristics. Also, semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted to identify the context of their experience of pain, their limitations as regards leading an autonomous life, their social support needs and other aspects concerning the effect of pain on their social and relational lives. This approach shows the importance of non-kin social support providers and the significant role of non-providers in the personal networks of people suffering chronic pain.

scholarly journals Patient satisfaction in outpatient medical care: the case of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo ◽  
Shukur Mahmood Yaseen ◽  
Mustafa Ali Mustafa Al-Samarrai ◽  
Anmar Shukur Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

  Background: Healthcare providers are increasingly interested in patient satisfaction as an indicator to assess the quality of health services. This study investigates the level of satisfaction among Iraqi patients attending the outpatient (OP) clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2019 among outpatient attendees in two busiest centers in Iraq. A convenience sample of 235 (response rate of 88.0%) completed the self-administered short-form patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-18). The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and self-perceived health status. Data were analyzed in SPSS, where descriptive analysis (mean ± standard deviation) and univariate (independent sample t-test, ANOVA test) and multivariate linear regression “Enter technique” was done at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval. Results:  The mean age of respondents was 39.3 (±14.8). The sample was mostly women (55.3%), and 37.4% in the age group of 30-49 years.  More than half of participants residing in the urban regions (54.5%) from families of monthly household income less than 500,000 Iraq Dinars (USD 400). However, the majority (70.6%) have the first visit to the OP clinic, and 53.6% self-perceived health as good or very good. Results of multiple linear regression showed that patients residents in rural regions (B= 5.4 , P <0.001), married (B= 4.8, P <0.001), unemployed (B= 4.7, P <0.001)  and low educated (B= 1.5, P <0.051)  exhibited higher service satisfaction score compared to urban residents, single, employed and high educated participants respectively. However, patients aged fifty years and more (B= -2.1, P <0.001) and those with poor health (B=-2.5, P <0.001) exhibited lower service satisfaction scores compared to young age patients and the healthy participants, respectively. Conclusion: The high demand for the use of health resources in metropolitan cities by the rural population indicates inequality in the distribution of health services and an increase in the rural-to-urban displacement.

Perceived health, caregiver overload and perceived social support in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s: Gender differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Hernández‐Padilla ◽  
María Dolores Ruiz‐Fernández ◽  
José Granero‐Molina ◽  
Rocío Ortíz‐Amo ◽  
María Mar López Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Perceived Health

scholarly journals Social Support Mediates the Effect of Burnout on Health in Health Care Professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ruisoto ◽  
Marina R. Ramírez ◽  
Pedro A. García ◽  
Belén Paladines-Costa ◽  
Silvia L. Vaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Convenience Sample

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion and caused by exposure to excessive and prolonged stress related to job conditions. Moreover, burnout is highly prevalent among health care professionals. The aim of this study is, first, to examine the mediating role of social support over the effect of burnout in health care professionals and, second, to explore potential gender differences. A convenience sample of 1,035 health professionals from Ecuador, including 608 physicians and 427 nurses (68% women, with and age M = 40 + 9 years old), was surveyed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Social Support Survey (MOS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) as measures of burnout, social support, and general health, respectively. Social support was found to mediate the negative effects of burnout on health regardless of gender. Differences across the three dimensions of burnout and health are further discussed, along with their implications for designing effective burnout interventions for health care professionals in Ecuador.

I personal network in Italia

2012 ◽  
pp. 55-84
Author(s):  
Luigi Tronca
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Networks Of Support

This article provides an analysis of the main features of the personal networks capable of providing social support in Italy. The first part of the paper presents a theoretical and methodological discussion about the potentials and limits of the personal network analysis. In the second part, the author presents the method used in carrying out a survey on personal networks of a sample of the population residing in Italy. Through the use of the name generator, name interpreter, and name interrelator questionnaires, this survey enables to reconstruct the size, the contents, and the form of the personal networks of respondents. The contents analyzed are material resources, social credentials, contacts, and psychological support. The forms are studied through the concepts of structural holes and network closure. Moreover the personal networks are divided into the following social circles: relatives, friends, and acquaintances. The research was conducted on a sample of over 1.200 individuals. In the last part of the article the results of this research are presented and discussed. One of the findings of this research is that Italy is divided into two geographical areas, with respect to the presence of the personal networks of support: the inhabitants of Central and Northern Italy have personal networks much more extensive than the personal networks of the inhabitants of Southern Italy and of Italian Islands.

Leisure Activities and the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in Croatia

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan ◽  
Tihana Brkljačić ◽  
Zvjezdana Prizmić Larsen ◽  
Andreja Brajša-Žganec ◽  
Renata Franc
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Financial Status

Abstract. Research shows that engagement in leisure activities promotes well-being among older adults. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being (flourishing) and leisure activities (total number of different activities in the previous year) in a sample of older adults in Croatia, thereby considering the variables of sex, marital status, financial status, and self-perceived health. The differences in the examined variables between the groups of older adults who reported to be engaged in new activities with those who did not were also examined. The sample of N = 169 older adults aged 60 years and above was drawn from a convenience sample of adult internet users in Croatia. Participants reported their self-perceived health and the number of leisure activities they engaged in over the previous year as well as completing the Flourishing Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that older adults who were engaged in more various leisure activities, who perceived better financial status, and who were married reported higher levels of flourishing. A comparison of the two groups of older adults with and without engagement in leisure activities showed that those engaged in at least one leisure activity were more likely to be women, reported higher levels of flourishing, and perceived their own financial status as better. This study indicated that engaging in leisure activities in later life might provide beneficial effects for the well-being of older adults.

Identifikasi Peran dan Strategi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Zurayna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Free Port ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

ABSTRAKPelabuhan berperan sebagai fasilitas penunjang pusat pertumbuhan regional dalam proses pembangunan ekonomi wilayah. Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang diarahkan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi regional dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian Kawasan Sabang. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang adalah belum optimalnya peran dan fungsi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang dalam menunjang perekonomian wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang dalam mendorong perkembangan perekonomian Kawasan Sabang. Lingkup materi yang dibahas mencakup peran-peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang, menentukan potensi dan masalah serta upaya-upaya peningkatan peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang. Metode analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT IFAS-EFAS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan dalam kurun waktu 4 (empat) tahun terakhir dari tahun 2010-2013, Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang belum optimal dalam menjalankan perannya, sehingga membutuhkan strategi pengembangan dengan pendekatan Agressive Maintenance Strategy (strategi perbaikan agresif), yaitu strategi konsolidasi internal dengan memperbaiki faktor-faktor kelemahan untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan peluang.Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, SWOT IFAS-EFAS, WilayahABSTRACTPort was supporting facility of regional growth center in the process of regional economic development. Sabang free port was directed as the center of regional economic growth and expected to raise the economy of sabang. Problems faced by sabang free port was yet optimal role and function in supporting the economy of the region. This study aimed to determine the role of sabang free port in supporting the economic development of sabang. The covered material scope included roles of sabang free port, determining the potentials and problems and efforts of increasing the role of sabang free port. The method of analysis was descriptive analysis with qualitative and quantitative approach. The analytical tool used was the swot ifas-efas analysis. The analysis results showed in the period of 4 (four) years from 2010 until 2013, sabang free port was not optimal in carrying out its role yet, so it requires development strategies with agressive maintenance strategy approach, which is internal consolidation strategy by improving vulnerability factors to maximize the utilization of opportunities.Keywords:, Management, Regional, SWOT IFAS-EFAS

Privacy Concern of Health Information Disclosure in mHealth: The Moderate Effect of Social Support (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Dang ◽  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Xitong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Information Sensitivity ◽  
Moderate Effect

BACKGROUND The mobile health (mHealth) provides a new opportunity for patients’ disease prediction and health self-management. At the same time, privacy problems in mHealth have brought forth significant attention concerning patients' online health information disclosure and hindered mHealth development. OBJECTIVE Privacy calculus theory (PCT) has been widely used to understand personal information disclosure behaviors with the basic assumption of a national and linear decision-making process. However, people’s cognitive behavior processes are complex and mutual. In attempting to close this knowledge gap, we further optimize the information disclosure model of patients based on PCT by identifying the mutual relationship between costs (privacy concerns) and benefits. Social support, which has been proved to be a distinct and significant disclosure benefit of mHealth, was chosen to be the representative benefit of information disclosure in mHealth. METHODS From an individual perspective, a structural equation model with privacy concerns, health information disclosure intention in mHealth, and social support from mHealth has been examined. RESULTS 253 randomly selected participants provided validated questionnaire. The result indicated that perceived health information sensitivity positively enhances the privacy concern (0.505, p<0.01), and higher privacy concern levels will decrease the health information disclosure intention (-0.338, p<0.01). Various aspects of individual characters influence perceived health information sensitivity in different ways. The informational support has a negatively moderate on reduce the positive effect between perceived health information sensitivity and privacy concerns (-0.171, p<0.1) and will decrease the negative effect between privacy concerns and health information disclosure intention(-0.105, p<0.1). However, emotional support has no directly moderate effect on both privacy concerns and health information disclosure intention. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that social support can be regarded as a disutility reducer, that is, on the one hand, it reduces the privacy concerns of patients; on the other hand, it also reduces the negative impact of privacy concerns on information disclosure intention. Moreover, the moderate effect of social support is partially supported. Informational support, one demission of social support, is significant, while the other demission, emotional support, is not significant in mHealth. Furthermore, the results are different among patients with different individual characteristics. This study also provides specific theoretical and practical implications to enhance the development of mHealth.

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