scholarly journals Oxygen Uptake On-Kinetics during Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise: Effect of Exercise Mode and Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Reis ◽  
Eduardo B. Neves ◽  
Nuno Garrido ◽  
Ana Sousa ◽  
André L. Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Vo2 Kinetics ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Constant Work Rate

Oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics has been analyzed through mathematical modeling of constant work-rate exercise, however, the exponential nature of the VO2 response in resistance exercise is currently unknown. The present work assessed the VO2 on-kinetics during two different sub maximal intensities in the inclined bench press and in the seated leg extension exercise. Twelve males (age: 27.2 ± 4.3 years, height: 177 ± 5 cm, body mass: 79.0 ± 10.6 kg and estimated body fat: 11.4 ± 4.1%) involved in recreational resistance exercise randomly performed 4-min transitions from rest to 12% and 24% of 1 repetition maximum each, of inclined bench press (45°) and leg extension exercises. During all testing, expired gases were collected breath-by-breath with a portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) and VO2 on-kinetics were identified using a multi-exponential mathematical model. Leg extension exercise exhibited a higher R-square, compared with inclined bench press, but no differences were found in-between exercises for the VO2 kinetics parameters. VO2 on-kinetics seems to be more sensitive to muscle related parameters (upper vs. lower body exercise) and less to small load variations in the resistance exercise. The absence of a true slow component indicates that is possible to calculate low-intensity resistance exercise energy cost based solely on VO2 measurements.

scholarly journals Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate Kinetics after Different Types of Resistance Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson M. Vianna ◽  
Francisco Z. Werneck ◽  
Emerson F. Coelho ◽  
Vinicius O. Damasceno ◽  
Victor M. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Vo2 Kinetics ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics after exercise are important indicators of fitness and cardiovascular health. However, these variables have been little investigated in resistance exercise (RE). The current study compared post-exercise kinetics of VO2 and the HR among different types of REs. The study included 14 males (age: 26.5±5.4 years, body mass: 80.1±11.4 kg, body height: 1.77±0.07 m, fat content: 11.3±4.6%) with RE experience. Dynamic muscle strength was measured using one repetition maximum (1RM) with regard to the half-squat, bench press, pull-down, and triceps pushdown exercises. The participants performed a maximum number of repetitions at 80% of 1RM for each exercise, separated by a recovery period of 60 minutes. VO2 was measured using ergospirometry. VO2 and HR kinetics were assessed using the time constant of the recovery curves, and excess oxygen consumption (EPOC) was calculated afterward. Significant differences were not observed across the exercises with regard to VO2 kinetics. However, the half-squat exercise elicited a greater EPOC than the bench press and triceps pushdown exercises (p<.05). HR kinetics was slower for the half-squat exercise than for the other exercises (p<.05). These findings confirm that the type of RE influences both the cardiac autonomic response post-exercise and EPOC, but not VO2 kinetics

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in the Oxygen Uptake Kinetic Response to Heavy-Intensity Exercise in 14- to 16-Year-Old Boys

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynmor C. Breese ◽  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman ◽  
Samantha G. Fawkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Uptake Kinetic ◽  
Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Constant Work Rate ◽  
Exercise Transitions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

This study examined longitudinal changes in the pulmonary oxygen uptake (pV̇O2) kinetic response to heavy-intensity exercise in 14–16 yr old boys. Fourteen healthy boys (age 14.1 ± 0.2 yr) completed exercise testing on two occasions with a 2-yr interval. Each participant completed a minimum of three ‘step’ exercise transitions, from unloaded pedalling to a constant work rate corresponding to 40% of the difference between the pV̇O2 at the gas exchange threshold and peak pV̇O2 (40% Δ). Over the 2-yr period a significant increase in the phase II time constant (25 ± 5 vs. 30 ± 5 s; p = .002, ω2 = 0.34), the relative amplitude of the pV̇O2 slow component (9 ± 5 vs. 13 ± 4%; p = .036, ω2 = 0.14) and the pV̇O2 gain at end-exercise (11.6 ± 0.6 vs. 12.4 ± 0.7 mL·min−1·W−1; p < .001, ω2 = 0.42) were observed. These data indicate that the control of oxidative phosphorylation in response to heavy-intensity cycling exercise is age-dependent in teenage boys.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in the Oxygen Uptake Kinetic Response to Heavy-Intensity Exercise in 14- to 16-Year-Old Boys

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynmor C. Breese ◽  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman ◽  
Samantha G. Fawkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Uptake Kinetic ◽  
Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Constant Work Rate ◽  
Exercise Transitions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

This study examined longitudinal changes in the pulmonary oxygen uptake (pV̇O2) kinetic response to heavy-intensity exercise in 14–16 yr old boys. Fourteen healthy boys (age 14.1 ± 0.2 yr) completed exercise testing on two occasions with a 2-yr interval. Each participant completed a minimum of three ‘step’ exercise transitions, from unloaded pedalling to a constant work rate corresponding to 40% of the difference between the pV̇O2 at the gas exchange threshold and peak pV̇O2 (Δ). Over the 2-yr period a significant increase in the phase II time constant (25 ± 5 vs. 30 ± 5 s; p = .002, ω2 = 0.34), the relative amplitude of the pV̇O2 slow component (9 ± 5 vs. 13 ± 4%; p = .036, ω2 = 0.14) and the pV̇O2 gain at end-exercise (11.6 ± 0.6 vs. 12.4 ± 0.7 mL·min−1·W−1; p < .001, ω2 = 0.42) were observed. These data indicate that the control of oxidative phosphorylation in response to heavy-intensity cycling exercise is age-dependent in teenage boys.

Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Takarada ◽  
Yutaka Nakamura ◽  
Seiji Aruga ◽  
Tetuya Onda ◽  
Seiji Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Hormonal and inflammatory responses to low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion were studied. Subjects ( n = 6) performed bilateral leg extension exercise in the seated position, with the proximal end of their thigh compressed at 214 ± 7.7 (SE) mmHg throughout the session of exercise by means of a pressure tourniquet. Mean intensity and quantity of the exercise were 20% of 1 repetition maximum and 14 repetitions × 5 sets, respectively. In each set, the subjects repeated the movement until exhaustion. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), norepinephrine (NE), lacate (La), lipid peroxide (LP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured before and after the exercise was finished and the tourniquet was released. Concentrations of GH, NE, and La consistently showed marked, transient increases after the exercise with occlusion, whereas they did not change a great deal after the exercise without occlusion (control) done at the same intensity and quantity. Notably, concentration of GH reached a level ∼290 times as high as that of the resting level 15 min after the exercise. IL-6 concentration showed a much more gradual increase and was maintained at a slightly higher level than in the control even 24 h after exercise. Concentrations of LP and CPK showed no significant change. The results suggest that extremely light resistance exercise combined with occlusion greatly stimulates the secretion of GH through regional accumulation of metabolites without considerable tissue damage.

scholarly journals Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 during Resistance Exercise in Athletes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Rahimi ◽  
Hamid Shoker Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of &beta;-Hydroxy-&beta;-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-&beta; during an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) in young resistance trained men. Ten resistance-trained men in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study, were administered a 7-day HMB supplementation (3&times;1 g.d-1 of HMB) and placebo (3&times;1 g.d-1 of Maltodextrin) with a 7 days washout period. After supplementation periods, subjects performed three sets of bench press, lat pull down, leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps curl and shoulder press to failure with 85% of one repetition to maximum (1RM). Blood samples were obtained before- (Pre), immediately post- (IP) and 1 hour-post RE (1h P) to assess serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-&beta;1. The data were analyzed using 2 (treatment: HMB and PL) &times; 3 (time points: Pre, IP and 1hP) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test with a significant level of p&lt;0.05. Serum IL-4 was significantly higher at IP resistance exercise in HMB compared to placebo. Circulating IL-4 and TGF-&beta;1 were significantly raised at IP compared to Pre in both HMB and placebo treatments. No significant differences between treatments were observed for IL-10 and TGF-&beta;1at any time points. In conclusion, HMB supplementation increased the circulating level of IL-4 during RE in resistance-trained men, which may attenuate inflammation and facilitate adaptation to RE.

Acute Carbohydrate Consumption Does Not Influence Resistance Exercise Performance during Energy Restriction

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee A. Dalton ◽  
Janet Walberg Rankin ◽  
Don Sebolt ◽  
Frank Gwazdauskas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Balance State

The effect of acute carbohydrate consumption on performance and metabolism of resistance-trained males was determined. Twenty-two subjects, assigned to either carbohydrate (C, n = 8), placebo (P, n - 8), or control (N, n = 6), performed standardized workouts every other day for a week prior to testing and throughout the testing period. Three of these workouts (Tl, T2, and T3) were the performance test in that the last bouts of leg extension and bench press were done to failure at 80% of 10 repetition maximum. A carbohydrate or placebo beverage was consumed 30 min prior to T3. Blood samples were drawn before and after T2 and T3. There was no effect of carbohydrate or energy restriction on number of repetitions done during the leg extension performance test. Carbohydrate intake prior to a resistance exercise bout done in negative energy balance state did not affect performance or evidence of muscle damage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxygen Uptake Kinetic Asymmetries in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Larson ◽  
Monica Barton ◽  
John W Farrell III ◽  
Gregory S. Cantrell ◽  
David J. Lantis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Uptake Kinetic ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Vo2 Kinetics ◽  
Constant Work Rate ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
Response To Exercise

Background of Study: Observations of limb to limb differences (bilateral asymmetry) in leg strength, power, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and bone mineral density has been reported in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Objetives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of bilateral asymmetries in oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics response to single leg cycling (SLC) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: Five MSpatients (2 men, 3 women; age 43±7 yrs) performed constant work rate SLC trials to determine VO2 kinetics in each leg. Asymmetry scores were used to quantify the magnitude of the bilateral asymmetries. Results: Significant asymmetries were seen in VO2 peak and parameters of VO2 kinetics. VO2peak asymmetry score was significantly different than 0% (p=0.015). Similarly,significant asymmetry for VO2 kinetic response to exercise as mean response time was observed (p=0.03). In addition the VO2 response to exercise resulted in a significant asymmetry in VO2 deficit between legs (p=0.03). No correlation between EDSS scores and any asymmetry scores existed. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into the potential differences in metabolic perturbation and limb specific symptomatic fatigue within the MS population.

scholarly journals Habitual exercise decreases systolic blood pressure during low-intensity resistance exercise in healthy middle-aged and older individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (4) ◽  
pp. H1024-H1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Takahiro Kotato ◽  
Asako Zempo-Miyaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Since aerobic exercise (e.g., walking) and resistance exercise (e.g., lifting objects and mopping) are both parts of the activities of daily living, an exaggerated elevation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aerobic and resistance exercise is an early marker of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of habitual exercise on SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise using both cross-sectional and interventional approaches. First, in 57 normotensive women (61.9 ± 1.0 yr of age), daily physical activity level, as assessed by triaxial accelerometry, was correlated with SBP during resistance exercise at 20 and 40% of the 1 repetition maximum ( r = −0.408 and r = −0.348, respectively). Maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with SBP during exercise at 20% ( r = −0.385) and 40% ( r = −0.457). Physical activity level or maximal oxygen uptake was identified as a predictor of SBP during the exercise in stepwise regression analysis, independent of SBP at rest and other factors ( R2= 0.729–0.781). Second, 66 men and women (64.6 ± 0.9 yr of age) participated in a 6-wk intervention as a part of the training (walking, 4.3 ± 0.3 days/wk, 55.6 ± 4.1 min/day, 70.7 ± 1.2% of maximal heart rate) or control group. SBP during resistance exercise in the training group decreased after the intervention (before vs. after: 20%, 143 ± 4 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg; and 40%, 148 ± 5 vs. 134 ± 4 mmHg). In the control group, there were no significant differences in SBP before and after the intervention. SBP during resistance exercise after the intervention was lower in the training group relative to the control group. These results suggest that habitual exercise decreases SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities on the hemodynamics of normotensive men

Motricidade ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Assis Saldanha ◽  
José Vilaça-Alves ◽  
Gabriel Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Jefferson Da Silva Novaes ◽  
Francisco Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Minute Post ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Experimental Protocols

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities on the hemodynamics of normotensive men. The study included 10 normotensive and recreationally-trained men (25.40 ± 6.90 years) performed the following three experimental protocols in a randomized order: a) 60% of 8RM; b) 80% of 8RM; c) 100% of 8RM. All protocols performed six exercises (Leg Press, Vertical Bench Press, Leg Flexion, Close-Grip Seated Row, Leg Extension and Shoulder Press) with three sets of eight repetitions for each exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were measured at rest, at the end of exercise and during the 60-minute post-exercise. The findings showed that there was a significant reduction in the faster SBP with a longer duration (<em>p</em>&lt; 0.0001) for the 100% of 8RM intensity, but without significant decreases in DBP for all intensities (<em>p</em>&gt; 0.05). There were significantly higher elevations in HR and DP for 100% of 8RM at all times (<em>p</em>&lt;0.0001). We conclude that high intensities (100% of 8RM) promote post-exercise hypotension with faster responses and greater duration and increase HR and DP in normotensive men.</p>

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