scholarly journals Habitual exercise decreases systolic blood pressure during low-intensity resistance exercise in healthy middle-aged and older individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (4) ◽  
pp. H1024-H1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Takahiro Kotato ◽  
Asako Zempo-Miyaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Since aerobic exercise (e.g., walking) and resistance exercise (e.g., lifting objects and mopping) are both parts of the activities of daily living, an exaggerated elevation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aerobic and resistance exercise is an early marker of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of habitual exercise on SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise using both cross-sectional and interventional approaches. First, in 57 normotensive women (61.9 ± 1.0 yr of age), daily physical activity level, as assessed by triaxial accelerometry, was correlated with SBP during resistance exercise at 20 and 40% of the 1 repetition maximum ( r = −0.408 and r = −0.348, respectively). Maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with SBP during exercise at 20% ( r = −0.385) and 40% ( r = −0.457). Physical activity level or maximal oxygen uptake was identified as a predictor of SBP during the exercise in stepwise regression analysis, independent of SBP at rest and other factors ( R2= 0.729–0.781). Second, 66 men and women (64.6 ± 0.9 yr of age) participated in a 6-wk intervention as a part of the training (walking, 4.3 ± 0.3 days/wk, 55.6 ± 4.1 min/day, 70.7 ± 1.2% of maximal heart rate) or control group. SBP during resistance exercise in the training group decreased after the intervention (before vs. after: 20%, 143 ± 4 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg; and 40%, 148 ± 5 vs. 134 ± 4 mmHg). In the control group, there were no significant differences in SBP before and after the intervention. SBP during resistance exercise after the intervention was lower in the training group relative to the control group. These results suggest that habitual exercise decreases SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise.

Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Daily Physical Activity in 7- to 12-Year-Old Boys

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa ◽  
Mohammed A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Time ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and daily physical activity in a group of 7- to 12-year-old boys. V̇O2max was assessed through the incremental treadmill test using an open circuit system. Physical activity level was obtained from heart rate telemetry outside of school time for 8 hrs during weekdays and during 40 min of physical education classes. The findings indicated that the absolute value of V̇O2max increased with age, while relative to body weight it remained almost the same across age, with a mean of 48.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1. Moreover, heart rate telemetry showed that the boys spent a limited amount of time on activities that raise the heart rate to a level above 160 bpm (an average of 1.9%). In addition, V̇O2max was found to be significantly related to the percentage of time spent at activity levels at or above a heart rate of 140 bpm, but not with activity levels at or above a heart rate of 160 bpm.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Activity Status in the Elderly on Cardiorespiratory Capacity, Blood Pressure, Blood Lipids, and Body Composition: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Carmeli ◽  
Pini Orbach ◽  
David T. Lowenthal ◽  
Joav Merrick ◽  
Raymond Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Highly Active

It is generally recognized that physical activity levels in the elderly do not remain constant over time, and typically there is a marked reduction in physical activities in the elderly. The long-term benefits of regular physical training programs in the elderly are still not fully understood. This is a study of 55 elderly healthy subjects (over 65 years old) and re-evaluated for the effects of different physical activity patterns (sedentary, moderately active, and highly active) on several physiological parameters (pre- and post-training) after a 5-year period (5.30 ± 1.14 years). Measurements included: body composition, blood lipid profiles, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximal oxygen uptake, and pulmonary function. Results indicated a larger decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the group of elderly sedentary individuals (1.5 ± 0.5 l/min) compared to the moderately active (1.7 ± 0.6 l/min) and the highly active groups (1.9 ± 0.4 l/min). An active lifestyle was not sufficient to increase the physiological function of an individual.This study could not clearly demonstrate favorable differences for the physically active groups over the sedentary group with regard to several important physiological factors over the 5-year follow-up and it appears that the recommendation for, and the initiation of, adopting active lifestyles may not be sufficient on their own to significantly increase an individual's physiological functioning.

The effect of patient training of the fundamentals of medical knowledge on the effectiveness of controlling cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S Isayeva ◽  
M Vovchenko ◽  
O Buriakovska ◽  
A Shalimova ◽  
N Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Training

Abstract   A prospective randomized parallel-group study was performed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual educational training of patients of the fundamentals of medical knowledge to control risk factors. The study included 365 patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk; 150 had group training; 150 had individual training; 65 were a control group, follow-up period was 3 years. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fat to muscle ratio (bioimpedance method, Body Composition Monitor BF511), physical activity (Walking style III pedometer), blood lipids, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, quality of life (SF-36 Health Status Survey questionnaire), eating habits, and compliance to medical therapy (Morisky-Green questionnaire) were evaluated before and after completion of the training. The composite endpoint was assessed (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death, hospitalizations due to worsening of heart failure, urgent revascularization). Educational hours were the same in both groups, but in the “Individual group” patients had “face to face” visits with a medical specialists. All patients kept an individual diary. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS 17 (IBM) package. Results In both training groups, a significant decrease in blood pressure and an increase of patients with the target blood pressure were found. After completing the educational course, the level of compliance to drug treatment in the “group training” had scored of 3.2 [1.5–3.5]; 3.5 [2.5–3.75] in the “individual training” group, and 2.0 [1.0–3.0] in the control group. Initially, the number of patients with the targeted blood pressure level was 63 (42.0%) and 67 (44.6%) persons in the “group training” and “individual training” groups; this parameter after training completion was 134 (89.3%, p=0.0001) in “group training” and 121 (80.6%, p=0.0001) in “individual training”. Patients undergoing “group training” did not have their blood lipids changed significantly. In the course of “individual training”, statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol by 21.1% (p=0.031), LDL cholesterol by 20.1% (p=0.04) and an increase in HDL cholesterol by 11% (p=0.03) were observed. A significant decrease in BMI (by 7.1%, p=0.011) and fat tissue content (10.2%, p=0.013) were observed only after “individual training”. Eating habits and smoking rate did not change significantly in the groups. An increase in physical activity was detected only in “individual training” group. Risk of cardiovascular events was lower “individual training” group (OR-0,32; CI 95% 0,12–0,84; p=0,02). Conclusion Both individual and group educational courses did not lead to a change in eating habits, but had significant effect on blood pressure. More significant effect of individual training compared to group training was found on blood lipids, physical activity and quality of life. A decrease in cardiovascular events was noted only in the “individual training” group. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): L.T. Mala National Institute of Therapy NAMSU

Relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance: Study rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Dandanell ◽  
Anne-Marie Elbe ◽  
Gertrud Pfister ◽  
Peter Elsborg ◽  
Jørn W Helge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Activity Level

Aims: To investigate the relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance. Methods: We recruited 84 sedentary (maximal oxygen uptake: 25 ± 5 ml/min), overweight and obese (Body mass index (BMI) 38 ± 7 m/h2, fat 44 ± 7 %) women ( n = 55) and men ( n = 29) for an interdisciplinary prospective study with follow-up. The change in lifestyle and weight loss is promoted via a 3-month intensive lifestyle intervention at a private health school. The intervention consists of supervised training (1–3 hours/day), a healthy hypo-caloric diet (−500 to −700 kCal/day) and education in healthy lifestyle in classes/groups. The participants’ body weight and composition (Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry), volitional skills (questionnaire), physical activity level (heart rate accelerometer/questionnaire) and maximal oxygen uptake (indirect calorimetry) are to be monitored before, after, and 3 and 12 months after the intervention. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, three different groups will be established: Clinical weight loss maintenance (> 10% weight loss from baseline), moderate weight loss maintenance (1–10% weight loss) and no weight loss (or weight regain). A linear mixed model analysis will be used to compare levels of volitional skills, physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake over time, between the three groups. Correlational analyses will be used to investigate possible associations between volition, maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level and weight loss maintenance. Conclusions: If specific volitional skills are identified as predictors of adherence to physical activity and success in clinical weight loss maintenance, these can be trained in future intensive lifestyle interventions in order to optimize the success rate.

scholarly journals Effects of low intensity interval training on physiological variables of university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Assegid K. Ketema
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
And Control

Background and Study Aim. This study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity interval training on the physiological variables of university students. Material and Methods. Forty male sports science students aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned to the Experimental group (n=20) and the Control group (n=20). The Experimental group underwent low-intensity interval training for eight weeks, whereas the Control group did not. Measurements of physiological variables such as resting heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, breath-hold time, maximal oxygen uptake, and blood pressure were obtained for all subjects before and after the intervention. To compare the mean physiological variables between the experimental and control groups, an independent samples t-test was used. Results. Statistical significance was set at p 0.05. After the training intervention, the experimental group showed significantly better improvements than the control group in resting heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, breath-holding time, maximal oxygen uptake, and blood pressure (p 0.05). Post intervention maximum oxygen uptake was statistically significant with t (38) = 3.086, p value 0.004. Post experiment systolic blood pressure was statistically significant with t (38) = -2.405, p value 0.021 for low intensity interval training and control group. Post experiment diastolic blood pressure was statistically highly significant with t (38) = 0.569, p value 0.001 for low intensity interval training and control group. The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference in post rest heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, breath holding and maximal oxygen uptake between the low intensity interval training and the control group (p 0.05). Conclusions. Thus, it was concluded that eight weeks of low-intensity interval training show significant improvement in physiological variables of university students.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise with Slow Movement and Tonic Force Generation on Short-Term Glycemic Variability in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Takuro Shoji ◽  
Hidetaka Hamasaki ◽  
Akiko Kawaguchi ◽  
Yoko Waragai ◽  
Hidekatsu Yanai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Intensity

Resistance exercise improves daily glycemic control. Low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movements and tonic force generation (LST) is a resistance exercise protocol that can increase skeletal muscle mass and strength without considerable physical burden; however, its effect on glycemic variability is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LST on short-term glycemic variability, expressed as the M-value, in healthy individuals. We recruited 20 healthy subjects (mean age: 27.9 ± 3.9 years) with normal glucose tolerance, and subjects were randomly assigned to the control (n = 10) or LST (n = 10) groups. Subjects in the LST group performed the resistance exercise with 40–50% of the one-repetition maximum for 40 min. All subjects wore a subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system and a triaxial accelerometer, and their daily glycemic variability and physical activity were measured. One hour after the intervention, in the LST group, the variability of blood glucose levels was significantly decreased compared to the control group (M-values in the LST group: pre 3.5 ± 6.2, post 2.7 ± 2.7, p = 0.575; M-values in the control group: pre 0.4 ± 0.7, post 2.7 ± 2.0, p = 0.017). However, there were no differences in total physical activity and daily glycemic control between groups. The findings of this study suggest that LST improves short-term glycemic variability in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Changes in maximal oxygen uptake during growth and development in girls who actively participate in basketball and in non-athletes girls: A longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
Tamara Stojmenovic ◽  
Djordje Curcic ◽  
Milica Vukasinovic-Vesic ◽  
Marija Andjelkovic ◽  
Nenad Dikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Composition Characteristics

Background/Aim. It is well known that continuous engagement in physical activity is important for normal growth and development of children. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), as a measure of functional state of the organism, is largely affected by level of physical activity, but it remains unclear to what extent it can be improved during childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate dynamics of changes in aerobic capacity, anthropometric and body composition characteristics in active and non-active girls over a period of 3 years. Methods. A total of 48 young girls were included in the study. Girls were divided into 2 groups: training group consisted of 25 girls who played basketball (age 13.84 ? 0.94) and non-training group of 23 girls who were not involved in any organized sports (age 13.83 ? 0.98). Anthropometric and body composition characteristics were measured in order to monitor somatic growth during the study. VO2maxvalues were obtained by performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. All parameters were measured every 6 months during 3-years period. Results. ANOVA analysis showed a significant time and group interaction effect on VO2max (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and fat percentage (FAT%) (p < 0.01). Also, there was an obvious increase in VO2max within both groups due to growth and development itself (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The main finding of the study was an increase in VO2max due to growth and development. The girls who actively participated in basketball had higher level of aerobic capacity compared to non-active girls. Furthermore, continuous basketball training led to maintaining normal body composition in terms of FAT% and BMI, which altogether may imply that organized physical activity has a positive influence on evaluated characteristics.

Effects of yoga and resistance training on blood lipids in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Isayeva ◽  
M Vovchenko ◽  
L Matyashova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Yoga and resistance exercise are gaining popularity and can improve the health status in the adult population. There is a lack of evidence that compares these two types of physical activity and their influence on lipid profile and cardiovascular risk on people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Aim To estimate and compare effects of yoga and resistance training on blood lipids and anthropometric parameters in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Methods 123 adults without preexisting cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the study. Participants had practiced in yoga (63 people) or resistance exercise (60 people) at least 2 times a week during the last 12 months. The control consisted of 35 people who did not engage in any regular physical exercise. Weight, height, waist, hip circumference and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, blood glucose were measured.  To assess physical activity and sedentary time, the International Questionnaire on long Physical Activity (IPAQ) was used. Daily calorie food intake were measured by Test of rational nutrition TRN-D03. Result The average age of all participants was 35,06 ± 8,45 years old. BMI was significantly affected in "yoga training" (1-st group) and "resistance training" (2-nd group) groups (22,9 ± 2,6 and 24,2 ± 3,7; p = 0,19), but was significantly lower than in control group (3-rd group) 25,8 ± 2,1. Total Cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and blood glucose were not with significant difference between "yoga training" and "resistance training" groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was in "yoga training" group  - 1,65 ± 0,37; in "resistance training" - 1,43 ± 0,21, and in control group - 1,34 ± 0,22 mmol/l (p1-2 = 0,001; p1-3 = 0,0001; p2-3 = 0,037). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was in yoga training group - 2,69 ± 0,98; in resistance training group - 2,72 ± 0,77, and in control group - 2,93 ± 0,89 mmol/l (p1-2 = 0,35; p1-3 = 0,053; p2-3 = 0,20). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were in "yoga training" group - 117,0 ± 9,79; in "resistance training" - 118,5 ± 8,93; 3-rd - 120,2 ± 10,1 mm Hg (p &gt; 0.05). Although, there were no significant differences in LDL-cholesterol levels between the yoga and resistance training groups, we found an association between weekly vigorous physical activity level and LDL cholesterol in the male group. LDL-cholesterol level in group 1 (vigorous physical activity 0-960 MET-min/week) was 3,4 ± 0,88 mmol/l; group 2 (vigorous physical activity 960 - 1440 MET-min/week) was 2,6 ± 0,74 mmol/l  and in group 3 (vigorous physical activity &gt; 1440 MET-min/week) - 2,1 ± 0,71 mmol/l (ANOVA-test F = 16,3; p = 0,03). Conclusion Yoga and resistance training have positive effects on HDL, LDL level and BMI, without effects on blood pressure in people without preexisting cardiovascular disease. The level of LDL was influenced not by the type of training, but by intensity of weekly physical activity.

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