The Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Social Vulnerability among the Elderly: Evidence from an Unconditional Quantile Regression Analysis in China

As the global proportion of the elderly population has been growing rapidly, it has become important to better understand the holistic social factors involved in cognitive impairment in the elderly. To investigate the relationship between social vulnerability and cognitive impairment in the elderly, this study applied an unconditional quantile regression model on open source health survey data in China. It was used to estimate the relationship for full sample and subsamples divided by different levels of a specific covariate. It was found that the cognitive impairment had a positive association with social vulnerability, and this relationship is stronger at the higher cognitive impairment quantiles. The cognitive impairment of females and elderly who took less exercise; had lower self-rated health; had greater incidences of depression, chronic diseases, and physical limitations; and consumed less fruit and vegetables, milk and tea were more related to social vulnerability. These results provide some insights into the strategies that could be used by the elderly to decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FRAILTY AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELDERLY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2019.29 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Kiiti Borges ◽

N. Oiring de Castro Cezar ◽

A. Silva Santos Siqueira1 ◽

M. Yassuda ◽

M. Cesari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Positive Association ◽

The Elderly ◽

Physical Frailty ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Physical frailty (PF) appears to be associated with low cognitive performance and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This review evaluated and synthesized the evidence of studies investigating the association between PF and MCI, the prevalence of both conditions and the rate of conversion of healthy older adult to one of them during the follow-up. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA recommendations in the Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Five studies were eligible according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Regarding the study design, cross-sectional studies prevailed. Most studies showed a positive association between PF and MCI. Moreover, PF seems to predict a worse cognitive trajectory among participants with MCI and it is associated to a higher risk of developing MCI. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between PF and MCI. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better explore causality.

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Non-Stationary Flood Frequency Analysis Using Cubic B-Spline-Based GAMLSS Model

Water ◽

10.3390/w12071867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1867

Author(s):

Chunlai Qu ◽

Jing Li ◽

Lei Yan ◽

Pengtao Yan ◽

Fang Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantile Regression ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Flood Frequency ◽

Flood Frequency Analysis ◽

Design Flood ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

B Spline ◽

Quantile Regression Model ◽

Design Values ◽

The Relationship

Under changing environments, the most widely used non-stationary flood frequency analysis (NFFA) method is the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) model. However, the model structure of the GAMLSS model is relatively complex due to the large number of statistical parameters, and the relationship between statistical parameters and covariates is assumed to be unchanged in future, which may be unreasonable. In recent years, nonparametric methods have received increasing attention in the field of NFFA. Among them, the linear quantile regression (QR-L) model and the non-linear quantile regression model of cubic B-spline (QR-CB) have been introduced into NFFA studies because they do not need to determine statistical parameters and consider the relationship between statistical parameters and covariates. However, these two quantile regression models have difficulties in estimating non-stationary design flood, since the trend of the established model must be extrapolated infinitely to estimate design flood. Besides, the number of available observations becomes scarcer when estimating design values corresponding to higher return periods, leading to unreasonable and inaccurate design values. In this study, we attempt to propose a cubic B-spline-based GAMLSS model (GAMLSS-CB) for NFFA. In the GAMLSS-CB model, the relationship between statistical parameters and covariates is fitted by the cubic B-spline under the GAMLSS model framework. We also compare the performance of different non-stationary models, namely the QR-L, QR-CB, and GAMLSS-CB models. Finally, based on the optimal non-stationary model, the non-stationary design flood values are estimated using the average design life level method (ADLL). The annual maximum flood series of four stations in the Weihe River basin and the Pearl River basin are taken as examples. The results show that the GAMLSS-CB model displays the best model performance compared with the QR-L and QR-CB models. Moreover, it is feasible to estimate design flood values based on the GAMLSS-CB model using the ADLL method, while the estimation of design flood based on the quantile regression model requires further studies.

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The Relationship between Hypertension and Cognitive Function Impairment in the Elderly

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 1440-1445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Endy Juli Anto ◽

Laura Oktavina Siagian ◽

Jekson Martiar Siahaan ◽

Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽

Sony Eka Nugraha

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

The Elderly ◽

Research Approach ◽

Impaired Cognitive Function ◽

Function Impairment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Second Degree

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is still a health problem both in developed and developing countries. Hypertension can cause various complications; one of them is cognitive function impairment. AIM: This study aimed to look at the relationship of hypertension with cognitive function. This research can also be useful to help optimise the health of the elderly, maximise quality of life and avoid hypertension as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Homes, Medan from May to June 2018. METHODS: This research was carried out by analytic observational with cross-sectional research approach. In this study, 57 elderly from Karya Kasih Nursing Homes Medan who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. Assessment of cognitive function used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) and Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMT) instruments. RESULT: This study obtained a significant relationship between the history of hypertension with impaired cognitive function (p = 0.003). The results of the cognitive function examination with MMSE showed that among 57 elderly, 16 people (43.2%) were normal and 21 people (56.8%) had impaired cognitive function in the first degree hypertension group, besides that, 3 people were normal (15%) and 7 people (85%) had impaired cognitive function in the second degree hypertension group (p = 0.031). Based on the result of mild and severe cognitive function impairment, among 12 people (57.1%) and 9 people (42.9%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in first-degree hypertension. 3 people (17.6%) and 14 people (82.4%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in the second-degree hypertension (p = 0.013). The 6-CIT instrument also showed a significant relationship between the severity of hypertension and impaired cognitive function (p = 0.027), and there was no significant relationship with AMT instruments (p = 0.078). CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between the history or duration and degree of hypertension with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Home Medan.

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Examining the linkage between class attendance at university and academic performance in an International Branch Campus setting

Research in Comparative and International Education ◽

10.1177/1745499920958855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 371-390

Author(s):

Ajit Karnik ◽

Pallavi Kishore ◽

Mohammad Meraj

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Positive Association ◽

Branch Campus ◽

Class Attendance ◽

International Branch Campus ◽

Attendance Policy ◽

Parent Institution ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between class attendance and academic performance has been an important area of research, with a positive association being posited between the two. The setting for our study is an International Branch Campus (IBC) of a British university that needs to demonstrate the quality of its service delivery both to the parent institution and to the fee-paying students. We employ a dataset of over 900 students in an undergraduate degree programme and subject it to statistical techniques, namely quantile regression and two-stage quantile regression. Our results show that attendance has a beneficial influence on academic performance and this benefit persists at higher percentile of grades. We propose that IBCs could consider an attendance policy that encourages students to attend classes.

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Relationship between cognition and frailty in elderly: A systematic review

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642015dn92000005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 110-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Allan Gustavo Brigola ◽

Estefani Serafim Rossetti ◽

Bruna Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽

Marisa Silvana Zazzetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Web Of Science ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

The Subject ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cognition and frailty in the elderly. METHODS: A systematic review on the currently existing literature concerning the subject was carried out. The search strategy included LILACS, SCOPUS, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were selected for review, from which 10 (52.6%) were cross-sectional and 9 (47.4%) longitudinal, and the majority Brazilian. All of the studies established a link between cognition and frailty. There was a relationship between components of frailty and the cognitive domains. Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), dementia and mortality were all evidenced in the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The theory remains limited, but results show the variables that appear to be linked to cognition and frailty in elderly. This data can help in implementing actions to improve the quality of life among elderly.

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Depression and mild cognitive impairment – Comorbidity and/or continuum?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.430 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S190-S191

Author(s):

G. Sobreira ◽

M.A. Aleixo ◽

C. Moreia ◽

J. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Late Life ◽

The Elderly ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Competing Interest ◽

The Relationship

IntroductionDepression and mild cognitive impairment are common among the elderly. Half the patients with late-life depression also present some degree of cognitive decline, making the distinction between these conditions difficult.ObjectivesTo conduct a database review in order to understand the relationship between these entities, and treatment approaches.AimsTo create and implement clinical guidelines at our institution, to evaluate and treat elderly patients presenting with depression and mild cognitive impairment.MethodsA PubMed database search using as keywords “late life depression”, “depression”; “cognitive impairment”; “mild cognitive impairment” and “dementia” between the year 2008 and 2015.ResultsLate-life depression and cognitive impairment are frequent among the elderly (10–20%). Depression is also common in the early stages of dementia decreasing as the cognitive decline progresses. The causal relationship between these entities is not well understood and some authors advocate a multifactorial model (genetic risk factors; neuroendocrine changes; vascular risk factors) and the cognitive impairment of said changes is dependent on the individual's cognitive reserve. Regarding treatment of depression in patients with cognitive impairment, most authors advocate a stepped approach with watchful waiting and then, if symptoms persist, the introduction of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial intervention.ConclusionsThe relationship between cognitive impairment and depression is still not clear and probably multifactorial. The diagnosis of depressive symptoms in patients with severe cognitive impairment can be difficult and most forms of pharmacological treatment in this population are not beneficial, making it important to carefully evaluate the benefits of introducing new medication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Comparison of International Differences in the Volatility of Economic Growth and Non-Performing Loan Ratio: A Statistical Study Based on the Quantile Regression Model

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2017.p1094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1094-1101

Author(s):

Song Qin ◽

Zhenlei Wang ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Panel Data ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Statistical Study ◽

Quantile Regression Model ◽

The Us ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

What is the level of non-performing loans in China’s banking sector and in different countries? Has the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio changed? Is there a difference in the effect of the economic growth of different economies on the rate of non-performing loans in the banking sector? This study analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratios and characteristics of 13 countries from 2005-2014 based on quantile regression models with panel data. The results showed that the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio was positive before the financial crisis in 2008 but was negative after 2008. The non-performing loan ratio in Canada, Mexico, and the US was low before 2008 and high after 2008. The impact of economic growth on the non-performing loan ratio was more significant for countries with a high non-performing loan ratio than for countries with a low non-performing loan ratio.

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The Relationship of Pain and Cognitive Impairment with Social Vulnerability—An Analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01309.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 190-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joseph W. Shega ◽

Melissa Andrew ◽

Josh Hemmerich ◽

Kathleen A. Cagney ◽

Mary Ersek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Canadian Study ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Acquired Hearing Loss and Psychiatric Illness: An Estimate of Prevalence and Co-morbidity in a Geriatric Setting

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.147.5.552 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 147 (5) ◽

pp. 552-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. R. Eastwood ◽

S. Corbin ◽

M. Reed ◽

H. Nobbs ◽

H. B. Kedward

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

The Elderly ◽

Homes For The Aged ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Acquired Hearing Loss ◽

The Relationship

Hearing impairment and mental disorders are common among residents of nursing homes and homes for the aged; however, the relationship between sensory deficit and psychiatic illness has been little investigated in this population. The prevalence of hearing impairment, psychiatric illness, and co-morbidity was investigated in a sample of 102 elderly residents from consecutive admissions to a home for the aged. Examining the coincidence of these disorders showed evidence of an association between hearing loss and paraphrenia, and hearing loss and dysphoric states, but not between hearing and cognitive impairment. The results of this survey provide only suggestive evidence regarding aetiology, but strongly support conjoint assessment of the elderly.

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