scholarly journals Disinfectant Activity of A Portable Ultraviolet C Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guridi ◽  
Elena Sevillano ◽  
Iñigo de la Fuente ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by microorganisms present in common practice instruments generating major health problems in the hospital environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the disinfection capacity of a portable ultraviolet C equipment (UV Sanitizer Corvent® -UVSC-) developed to disinfect different objects. For this purpose, six pathogens causing HAIs: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, were inoculated on slides and discs of different biomaterials (borosilicate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, silicone, Teflon and titanium) and exposed to ultraviolet C radiation. UVSC disinfection was compared with ethanol and chlorhexidine antimicrobial activities following the standards EN14561 and EN14562. Disinfection, established as a reduction of five logarithms from the initial inoculum, was achieved with the UVSC at 120 s of exposure time, with and without the presence of organic matter. The disinfectant effect was observed against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans (reduction >99.999%). Disinfection was also achieved with 70% ethanol and 2% chlorhexidine. As conclusion, UVSC was effective disinfecting the most contaminated surfaces assayed, being a promising alternative for disinfecting hospital materials and inanimate objects that cannot be immersed in liquid biocides, reducing the risk of pathogen transmission.

scholarly journals 2467. Inferring Strain Type Attribution from Antibiotic Resistance Profiles among E. coli Causing Healthcare-Associated Infections in the United States, 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S854-S854
Author(s):  
Athena P Kourtis ◽  
Joseph D Lutgring ◽  
Edward Sheriff ◽  
Alison L Halpin ◽  
James Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background E. coli is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections; clonal group ST131, which has expanded worldwide with notable increased severity of infections, is commonly resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and fluoroquinolones (FQ). Herein, we relate ESC and FQ resistance profiles from CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) with specific strain types from CDC laboratory surveillance collections. Methods NHSN isolate and antibiotic susceptibility testing data were collected from all E. coli associated with central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated events, or surgical site infections from 2013–2017. Resistance was scored as non-susceptibility to at least one drug per class [susceptible (S); resistant (R)]. ESC and FQ susceptibilities and multilocus sequence types (ST) using the Achtman 7 loci scheme were determined for a contemporaneous set of E. coli isolates collected through CDC laboratory surveillance. Results Of 96,672 E. coli infections reported to NHSN, 13% were ESC-R/FQ-R, 23% ESC-S/FQ-R, 4% ESC-R/FQ-S, and 60% were ESC-S/FQ-S. Among 105 ESC-R/FQ-R and 21 ESC-S/FQ-R laboratory isolates, the majority (67.6% and 52.4%, respectively) were ST131, whereas of 38 ESC-R/FQ-S and 53 ESC-S/FQ-S isolates, ST131 was a minority (18.4% and 7.5%, respectively). The odds of an isolate being ST131 were 10.5 if FQ-R (P < 0.001), 3.4 if ESC-R (P < 0.001), and 6.0 if ESC-R/FQ-R (P < 0.001). Using the national distribution of resistance combinations from NHSN, and assuming static ST-resistance distribution, we can infer that ST131 was responsible for 25.8% (95% CI, 23.9%-27.6%) of all E.coli healthcare-associated infections in the United States in 2013–2017. Conclusion Molecular inferences generated by applying laboratory data to resistance signature data in reportable datasets may make national E. coli ST burden estimates possible. Further characterization of resistance combinations with strain type, infection rates, and clinical outcomes may inform targeted prevention strategies at the local/regional level. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections on Length of Stay: A Study in 68 Hospitals in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixue Jia ◽  
Liuyi Li ◽  
Weiguang Li ◽  
Tieying Hou ◽  
Hongqiu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Different Levels

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) not only bring additional medical cost to the patients but also prolong the length of stay (LOS). 2119 HAI case-patients and 2119 matched control-patients were identified in 68 hospitals in 14 primary sampling provinces of 7 major regions of China. The HAI caused an increase in stay of 10.4 days. The LOS due to HAI increased from 9.7 to 10.9 days in different levels of hospitals. There was no statistically significant difference in the increased LOS between different hospital levels. The increased LOS due to HAI in different regions was 8.2 to 12.6 days. Comparing between regions, we found that the increased LOS due to HAI in South China is longer than other regions except the Northeast. The gastrointestinal infection (GI) caused the shortest extra LOS of 6.7 days while the BSI caused the longest extra LOS of 12.8 days. The increased LOS for GI was significantly shorter than that of other sites. Among 2119 case-patients, the non-multidrug-resistant pathogens were detected in 365 cases. The average increased LOS due to these bacterial infections was 12.2 days. E. coli infection caused significantly shorter LOS. The studied MDROs, namely, MRSA, VRE, ESBLs-E. coli, ESBLs-KP, CR-E. coli, CR-KP, CR-AB, and CR-PA were detected in 381 cases (18.0%). The average increased LOS due to these MDRO infections was 14 days. Comparing between different MDRO infections, we found that the increased LOS due to HAI caused by CR-PA (26.5 days) is longer than other MDRO infections (shorter than 19.8 days).

The Role of the Hospital Environment in the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections by Contact Transmission

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 46-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Steinberg ◽  
Megan E. Denham ◽  
Craig Zimring ◽  
Altug Kasali ◽  
Kendall K. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Use of personal digital assistants to detect healthcare-associated infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham AM El-Feky ◽  
Doa’a A Saleh ◽  
Jehan El-Kholy ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud Sayed ◽  
Yasmeen Mansi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introduction: Personal digital assistants (PDAs) used in electronic laboratory-based surveillance are a promising alternative to conventional surveillance to detect healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The aim of the study was to monitor, detect, and analyze HAIs using PDAs in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methodology: In this descriptive study, 1,053 neonates admitted to the NICU in the obstetrics and gynecology ward at the Cairo University hospital were included and evaluated for HAIs by collecting data using PDAs programmed by Naval Medical Research Unit 3, Cairo, with the definitions for HAIs provided by the National Healthcare Safety Network of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case records were reviewed three times a week over 19 months, from March 2012 to September 2013. Results: Of 124 suspected episodes of infection recorded in PDAs, 89 confirmed episodes of infection were identified. HAI and NICU infection rates were 7.4 and 2.72/1,000 patient-days, respectively. Primary bloodstream infection was detected in 81 episodes and pneumonia in 8 episodes. The majority of infections (62%) were acquired in the ward before NICU admission. Klebsiella spp. was isolated most frequently (42%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (31%). Conclusions: This study is the first to report the use of PDAs in surveillance to detect HAIs in the NICU in our hospital. The majority of infections were acquired at the obstetric care department, indicating the importance of implementing rigorous prevention and control programs and a more detailed surveillance to identify other risk factors for infections.

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Extended-Spectrumβ-Lactamase (ESBL)–Producing Strains ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeThat Harbor Multiple ESBL Genes

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anucha Apisarnthanarak ◽  
Pattarachai Kiratisin ◽  
Linda M. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objectives.To characterize healthcare-associated infections due to extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaethat harbor multiple ESBL genes, as opposed to a single ESBL gene.Methods.All patients with a confirmed healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain ofE. coliorK. pneumoniaewere enrolled in the study. Molecular typing of isolates was performed, and the comparative risks and outcomes of patients were analyzed.Results.Among 71 patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain ofE. coliorK. pneumoniae, the gene for CTX-M, with or without other ESBL genes, was identified in all 51 (100%) of the patients infected with anE. colistrain and in 18 (90%) of the 20 patients infected with aK. pneumoniaestrain. Of these 71 patients, 17 (24%) met the definition of healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple genes; in multivariate analysis, previous exposure to 3 or more classes of antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio, 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-75.2]) was the sole risk factor for healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes. Isolates recovered from patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes were more resistant to various antibiotic classes, and, compared with patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored a single ESBL gene, they were more likely to have ineffective initial empirical antimicrobial therapy (52% vs 94%; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-14.5]).Conclusions.CTX-M ESBL is highly prevalent in Thailand. Patients with healthcare-associated infection due to an ESBL-producing strain that harbored multiple ESBL genes were more likely to have had ineffective initial empirical antimicrobial therapy, and, given that antibiotic selection pressure was the only associated risk, we suggest focused antimicrobial stewardship programs to limit the emergence and spread of healthcare-associated infection due to ESBL-producing strains in this middle-income country.

scholarly journals CouldHistoplasma capsulatumBe Related to Healthcare-Associated Infections?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi ◽  
Lisandra Serra Damasceno ◽  
Nayla de Souza Pitangui ◽  
Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida ◽  
Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are described in diverse settings. The main etiologic agents of HAI are bacteria (85%) and fungi (13%). Some factors increase the risk for HAI, particularly the use of medical devices; patients with severe cuts, wounds, and burns; stays in the intensive care unit, surgery, and hospital reconstruction works. Several fungal HAI are caused byCandidaspp., usually from an endogenous source; however, cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers or contaminated devices can occur. Although other medically important fungi, such asBlastomyces dermatitidis,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, andHistoplasma capsulatum, have never been considered nosocomial pathogens, there are some factors that point out the pros and cons for this possibility. Among these fungi,H. capsulatuminfection has been linked to different medical devices and surgery implants. The filamentous form ofH. capsulatummay be present in hospital settings, as this fungus adapts to different types of climates and has great dispersion ability. Although conventional pathogen identification techniques have never identifiedH. capsulatumin the hospital environment, molecular biology procedures could be useful in this setting. More research onH. capsulatumas a HAI etiologic agent is needed, since it causes a severe and often fatal disease in immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Medical textiles with silver/nanosilver and their potential application for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections – mini-review

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Rajski ◽  
Marek Juda ◽  
Adam Los ◽  
Elzbieta Witun ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Antimicrobial Textiles ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), especially those in hospitalized patients, can be regarded as an important public health problem worldwide. In this article we presented an overview on the use of antimicrobial textiles, including those with silver/nanosilver, as a new approach to countering HAI by reducing the potential risk of the pathogen transmission between patients and healthcare workers. The strong antimicrobial in vitro activity of these engineered textiles was confirmed in vitro against several HAI-associated pathogens, including multiresistant strains belonging to alert pathogens. However, according to literature data, the sole use of antimicrobial clothing by healthcare workers appears to not be sufficient for the prevention and control of HAI. Further comprehensive and controlled studies are needed to assess the real-time efficacy of the antimicrobial textiles in healthcare settings. Moreover, there is a need to control the silver use not only for medical applications, but also for non-medical purposes due to a possibility for the emergence and spread of silver resistance among microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern in healthcare-associated infections: investigation of in-hospital risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Masoud Emami Meybodi ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
Masoome Zolfaghari ◽  
Alireza Abdollahi ◽  
Abbas Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Wards

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing threat for efficient treatment of infections. Determining the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections and causative agents in various hospital wards helps appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed by analyzing antibiograms from March 2017 to March 2018 among patients admitted to the different wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran. Results: Among 2440 hospital acquired infections, 59.3% were Gram-negative bacilli: E. coli (n = 469, 22.2%), K. pneumoniae (n = 457, 21.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (n = 282, 13.4%), P. aeruginosa (n = 139, 6.6%) and important Gram-positive bacteria were Enterococcus spp. (n = 216, 10.2%), S. aureus (n = 148, 7%), S. epidermidis (n = 118, 5.6). Generally, there was a high antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates in this study. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 56.3 % and MRSE 62.9 %. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was 60.7%. K. pneumoniae- ESBL was 79.6% and its resistance to carbapenem was 38.4%. E. coli-ESBL was 42% and its resistance to carbapenems was 2.3%. P. aeruginosa resistance to ceftazidime was 74.4%, to fluroquinolones 63.3%, to aminoglycosides 64.8%, to piperacillin tazobactam 47.6% and to carbapenems 62.1%. Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to ceftazidime was 98.7%, to fluroquinolones 97%, to aminoglycosides 95.9%, to ampicillin sulbactam 84%, to carbapenems 96.4% and to colistin 4%. Conclusion: The study revealed an alarming rate of resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents used in treating HAIs. Also the relationship between AMR and some risk factors and thus taking steps towards controlling them have been shown.

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