Food variety, dietary diversity and perceived hunger among lactating women (0-6 months postpartum) in a low socio-economic area in Nairobi, Kenya

Breastfeeding has profound benefits for the child and has always been the gold standard for infant feeding. It is also an integral part in the physiologic completion of the reproductive cycle of mammals, including humans and the most energetically demanding phase of human reproduction. Therefore , it is important to determine the nutritional status of lactating women and guide them to optimal health since depleting maternal nutrient stores during lactation poses a risk of malnutrition to the mother . This study was conducted among lactating women to assess domestic hunger, food variety and dietary diversity in order to obtain information that can be used in nutrition intervention programs for optimising breast feeding. It w as a descriptive cross -sectional survey carried out at Mbagathi District Hospital which is located at the edge of Kibera slum area (Nairobi). Convenience sampling was used in selecting 120 lactating women who volunteered and consented. The hunger scale was used for assessing domestic hunger and a 24 – hr recall (NFCS, 1999) was analysed for food variety and dietary diversity . Perceived hunger corresponded with narrow food variety and dietary diversity. The women had a mean Food Variety Score of 6.6 ( ± 2.0) and Dietary Diversity Score of 4.3 ( ± 1.0). The mean adequacy ratio (excluding niacin) was 0.74. The lowest median nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for calcium was (0.41) and folic acid (0.59). The NAR for energy was 0.62. The highest frequency of consumption (100%) was from cereals, tubers/roots, other vegetables and oils/fats. Vitamin A rich vegetables/fruits (6.6%) and dairy products (1.7%) had the lowest frequency of consumption. Overall, 35.8% of households were food secure while 64.2% were either hungry (5 or more positive responses) or at risk of hunger (1- 4 positive responses) (36.7% and 27.5% respectively).There seems to be a need for well designed nutrition intervention programs focusing on nutrient intake from culturally acceptable and affordable foods to increase dietary diversity of lactating women in this low socio -economic area, which will eventually improve their nutritional status.

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Association Between Dietary Quality and Postpartum Depression in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Urban China

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.705353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chenlu Yang ◽

Ai Zhao ◽

Hanglian Lan ◽

Zhongxia Ren ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Urban China ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Food Variety

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary quality on the risk of postpartum depression in the Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary quality and postpartum depression in Chinses lactating women.Methods: A total of 939 participants from 10 cities were included in this analysis. A one-time 24-h dietary recall was used to obtain the data on food consumption and dietary quality was assessed based on Diet Balance Index. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was considered at a cutoff point of 10 to detect postpartum depression. Poisson regression models were used to explore the association of dietary quality with postpartum depression.Results: Depressed women tended to have a more inadequate intake of vegetables and have more insufficient food variety. The median (25th, 75th) of the overall high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) was 9 (5, 14), 30 (25, 37), and 40 (34, 47), respectively. Compared with subjects with the lowest quartile of LBS, those with the highest quartile of LBS had a higher risk of postpartum depression [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 1.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01, 1.15; P for trend, 0.043]. We also observed a significant association between DQD and postpartum depression (Q4 vs. Q1: aPR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14; P for trend, 0.036).Conclusion: Poor dietary quality was associated with postpartum depression in Chinese lactating women.

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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of a Rural Adult Population in Dry Zone, Sri Lanka

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama ◽

K. M. Swarna Wimalasiri ◽

Yu Koyama ◽

Mieko Uchiyama ◽

Utako Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Fat Body ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Adult Population ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score

The objective of this work was to describe average dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status of the adult population of Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey, including one 24-h dietary recall, international physical activity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements was conducted in a representative sample of 120 adults. Mean (SD) for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were 23.06(4.20) kg/m2, 85.6(9.5) cm, 0.95(0.05) and 0.55(0.07), respectively. Significant differences were observed in height, body fat %, body muscle %, hip circumference, WHR, WHtR, fat mass index and hand grip strength between men and women (p < 0.05). Among the study group, 35.8% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and 11.7% were underweight. Central obesity was observed in 59.2%, 97.5% and 74.2% of adults by WC, WHR and WHtR, respectively. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score and dietary diversity score with portions were 4.77(1.28) and 4.09(1.32), respectively. Mean daily intake of protein, fruits, vegetables and dairy were well below the national recommendations. Despite the higher PA level, nearly half the population was overweight and obese and the majority was centrally obese. None of the dietary diversity scores met the optimal levels, suggesting poor quality and quantity of the diet.

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Determinants of dietary diversity and its relationship with the nutritional status of pregnant women

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mahama Saaka ◽

Sofo Mutaru ◽

Shaibu Mohammed Osman

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Northern Region ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract There is little information regarding factors that determine dietary diversity among pregnant women in Ghana. The present study, therefore, sought to assess the independent predictors of dietary diversity and its relationship with nutritional status of pregnant women in the Northern Region of Ghana. The present study was an analytical cross-sectional survey involving 423 pregnant women in different stages of gestation. The 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W), and nutritional status was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between maternal dietary diversity and maternal thinness and a P value of <0⋅05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 423 women, 79⋅9 % (95 % CI 76⋅1, 83⋅7) met the MDD-W and the prevalence of undernutrition among the pregnant women was 26⋅0 %. The analysis showed that women of low household wealth index were 48 % less likely (AOR 0⋅52, CI 0⋅31, 0⋅88) of meeting the MDD-W, whereas women from households of poor food insecurity were 88 % less likely (AOR 0⋅12, CI 0⋅05, 0⋅27) of achieving the MDD-W. Women of low household size were three times more likely of meeting the MDD-W (AOR 3⋅07, CI 1⋅13, 8⋅39). MDD-W was not associated with maternal underweight during pregnancy. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that food insecurity and not low MDD-W, associated with mothers’ thinness (underweight) during pregnancy in peri-urban setting of Northern Ghana.

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Low dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among lactating women in a peri-urban area of Nepal

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000671 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 3201-3210 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sigrun Henjum ◽

Liv Elin Torheim ◽

Andrew L Thorne-Lyman ◽

Ram Chandyo ◽

Wafaie W Fawzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Economic Status ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

The Mean

AbstractObjectiveThe main objectives were to assess the adequacy of the micronutrient intakes of lactating women in a peri-urban area in Nepal and to describe the relationships between micronutrient intake adequacy, dietary diversity and sociodemographic variables.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during 2008–2009. We used 24 h dietary recall to assess dietary intake on three non-consecutive days and calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) of the usual intake of eleven micronutrients and the overall mean probability of adequacy (MPA). A mean dietary diversity score (MDDS) was calculated of eight food groups averaged over 3 d. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the determinants of the MPA.SettingBhaktapur municipality, Nepal.SubjectsLactating women (n 500), 17–44 years old, randomly selected.ResultsThe mean usual energy intake was 8464 (sd 1305) kJ/d (2023 (sd 312) kcal/d), while the percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrates was 11 %, 13 % and 76 %, respectively. The mean usual micronutrient intakes were below the estimated average requirements for all micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin C and Zn. The MPA across eleven micronutrients was 0·19 (sd 0·16). The diet was found to be monotonous (MDDS was 3·9 (sd 1·0)) and rice contributed to about 60 % of the energy intake. The multiple regression analyses showed that MPA was positively associated with energy intake, dietary diversity, women’s educational level and socio-economic status, and was higher in the winter.ConclusionsThe low micronutrient intakes are probably explained by low dietary diversity and a low intake of micronutrient-rich foods.

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The Influence of Household Procurement Strategies on Food Intake and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Rural Western Kenya

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n2p109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary K. Walingo ◽

Francis M. Kidake

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Availability ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Survey Design ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Income Levels ◽

Procurement Strategies

<p>A cross sectional survey design was set up to assess the influence of household procurement strategies on food intake and nutritional status of preschool children in from 196 households in Vihiga County, Kenya. Dietary diversity was positively correlated with food availability (p<0.05). Increased consumption of bread and cereals, and, fruits and vegetables was influenced by food availability and food consumption (dietary diversity) (<0.05). Roots and tubers, legumes and pulses, and carbonated drinks were the main contributors to food procurement strategies and availability (F= 3.419, F sig=0.02). Nutrition outcome was influenced by household socioeconomic status (R= 0.189, p value = 0.012) and income levels of households (R= 0.246, p value= 0.002), while procurement strategies had no effect on the nutritional status of the pre-school child. Household income levels determined food availability, diversity and intake.</p>

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Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Lactating Mothers in Dega Damot Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/4627278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hunegnaw Almaw Derseh ◽

Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽

Melese Linger Endalifer ◽

Esmael Ali Muhammad ◽

Terefe Derso

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Household Food ◽

Lactating Mothers

Introduction. Nutritional status of lactating women is highly linked with the overall nutritional status of population. Undernutrition during lactation results in increased morbidity and mortality to the mother and her child. The literature is dearth regarding to nutrition status of lactating mothers in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess undernutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers having child 6–23 months in Dega Damot Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 21 to April 19, 2018. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 733 participants. Data were collected by using an interview-administered questionnaire and entered into EpiData version 4.2 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Factors associated with undernutrition were identified using multivariable logistic regression at a p value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. The direction and strength of association was interpreted using adjusted odds ratio. Results. In this study, the magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was 21.8%. Being unmarried (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.53), their first pregnancy <18 years (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.87), having more than 5 number of pregnancies (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.55, 5.03), inadequate dietary diversity score (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.83), and household food insecurity (AOR: 3.68, 95% CI: 2.35, 5.77) were significantly associated factors with undernutrition. Conclusions. The prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was found to be high. Programs should do better in enhancing activities of agricultural production to reduce household food insecure and to increase accessibility of diversified diet. Other researchers better to do other studies to identify main factors of undernutrition using a qualitative study.

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Dietary Diversity is Associated with Nutrient Intakes and Nutritional Status of Children in Ghana

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4179 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chistina Antwiwaa Nti

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Child Growth ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Nutritional Status ◽

Weight For Age

Objective: The study was conducted with the objective of assessing the possible associations between dietary diversity, nutrient intakes and young child nutritional status in Ghana. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving one hundred mothers with young children between the ages of 6 and 18 months was conducted using a combination of methods. Structured interview using questionnaire, dietary assessment and anthropometry were used to collect the data. Dietary diversity was assessed by using food group count. The WHO (1998) recommended daily nutrient needs from complementary foods for infants receiving average breast milk intakes were used to assess the energy and nutrient content of the diets consumed by the children. The WHO (1983) reference was used to assess child nutritional status. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 in Windows. Results: About 16% of the study children were underweight whiles 8% were both stunted and wasted. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.6. Significant differences were observed between dietary diversity groupings and energy/nutrient intakes of the children. Generally, as dietary diversity improved, energy and nutrients intakes also in-creased. Again, dietary diversity was significantly associated with weight-for-age, length-for-age and weight-for-length. As dietary diversity increased, child nutritional status also improved. Children who had low dietary diversity exhibited low scores in terms of weight for age, length for age and weight for length. Conclusion: High dietary diversity improves energy and nutrients intakes, and hence dietary adequacy, as well as child growth and nutrition. Key Words: Dietary Diversity; Nutrient Intakes; Child Nutritional Status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4179 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 105-109

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Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Lactating Women: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/4367145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hailu Bekele ◽

Gebi Husein Jima ◽

Ashenafi Habtamu Regesu

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Household Food ◽

Delivery Place

Background. Undernutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems that affect both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, it is one of the factors leading to unacceptable high morbidity and mortality among women. However, little is documented on undernutrition among lactating women particularly in such a purely pastoral community. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women living in pastoral community of Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a random sampled 545 lactating women using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Height and weight measurements of the study participants were also taken to compute body mass index. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage were computed to describe characteristics of the sample. Multivariable analysis was carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios, and its 95% confidence interval and P value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study showed that prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was 17.7%. Dietary diversity (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.43–4.36), monthly income (AOR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.40–19.40), extra meal taking (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.43–5.29, delivery place (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.24–5.65), and household food insecurity (AOR = 6.57, 95% CI: 3.50–12.34) were independent variables showing statistically significant association with undernutrition of lactating women. Conclusion and recommendations. The study revealed that magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was high. Dietary diversity, monthly income, extra meal, delivery place, and household food insecurity were found to be predictor of undernutrition. Finally, we recommend that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should organize timely interventions targeting lactating women.

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What's in the lunchbox? Dietary behaviour of learners from disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape, South Africa

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011001108 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1752-1758 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Zulfa Abrahams ◽

Anniza de Villiers ◽

Nelia P Steyn ◽

Jean Fourie ◽

Lucinda Dalais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Western Cape ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and describe factors associated with food shop (known as tuck shop in South Africa) and lunchbox behaviours of primary-school learners in South Africa.DesignAnalysis of data collected in 2008 from a cross-sectional survey.SettingSixteen primary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa.SubjectsA total of 717 grade 4 learners aged 10–12 years.ResultsA 24 h recall established that 69 % of learners carried a lunchbox to school and 49 % had consumed at least one item purchased from the school food shop/vendor. Most lunchboxes contained white bread with processed meat, whereas the most frequent food shop/vendor purchase comprised chips/crisps. Learners who carried a lunchbox to school had significantly lower BMI percentiles (P = 0·002) and BMI-for-age (P = 0·034), compared with their counterparts. Moreover, they were younger, had higher standard-of-living and dietary diversity scores, consumed more meals per day, had greater self-efficacy and came from predominantly urban schools, compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school. Learners who ate food shop/vendor purchases had a lower standard-of-living score and higher dietary diversity and meal scores. Only 2 % of learners were underweight, whereas 19 % were stunted and 21 % were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).ConclusionsChildren who carried a lunchbox to school appeared to have greater dietary diversity, consumed more regular meals, had a higher standard of living and greater nutritional self-efficacy compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school.

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Effect of the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) in Elderly Burn Patients

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab164 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia-Yu Wei ◽

Shu-Ting Shi ◽

Dan Sun ◽

Guo-Zhong Lyu

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Short Form ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Reference Points ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective Nutritional assessment can early identify patients who are malnourished and at risk of malnutrition. To examine the effect of nutritional status on wound healing in elderly burn patients, we used the MNA-SF to measure the nutritional status of elderly patients. This study aimed to examine the role of MNA-SF in elderly burn patients through the correlation analysis of wound-healing indicators and MNA-SF score. Design Prospective observational and cross-sectional study. Methods This study used the MNA-SF to investigate the elderly burn patients at the department of burn. According to the score, the patients fell into three groups: good nutritional status (more than 12 points), malnutrition risk (8~11 points), and malnutrition (0~7 points). At the same time, we measured and compared the wound-healing indicators among the three groups of patients, and detected the correlation. Results The statistical analysis found gender had a slight influence on the score of nutritional status. While age was negatively correlated with the MNA-SF score and nutrition-related indicators. There was a low positive linear correlation between the wound healing percent area change or wound healing rate of patients and the score of the MNA-SF. Conclusion This study finds malnutrition is common among hospitalized elderly burn patients. The application of the MNA-SF in elderly burn patients is efficient and accurate to identify malnutrition early and prevent further obstruction of the normal wound healing, which can provide reference points for early nutrition intervention programs.

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