scholarly journals Estimation of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Italy by the Linkage of Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) and National Insurance Archives. Methodology and Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Airoldi ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Lucia Miligi ◽  
Sara Piro ◽  
Giorgia Stoppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Etiologic Fraction

The identification and monitoring of occupational cancer is an important aspect of occupational health protection. The Italian law on the protection of workers (D. Leg. 81/2008) includes different cancer monitoring systems for high and low etiologic fraction tumors. Record linkage between cancer registries and administrative data is a convenient procedure for occupational cancer monitoring. We aim to: (i) Create a list of industries with asbestos exposure and (ii) identify cancer cases who worked in these industries. The Italian National Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) includes information on occupational asbestos exposure of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cases. We developed using data from seven Italian regions a methodology for listing the industries with potential exposure to asbestos linking ReNaM to Italian National Social Security Institute (INPS) data. The methodology is iterative and adjusts for imprecision and inaccuracy in reporting firm names at interview. The list of asbestos exposing firms was applied to the list of cancer cases (all types associated or possibly associated with asbestos according to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph 100C) in two Italian regions for the indication of possible asbestos exposure. Eighteen percent of the cancer cases showed at least one work period in firms potentially exposing to asbestos, 48% of which in regions different from where the cases lived at diagnosis. The methodology offers support for the preliminary screening of asbestos exposing firms in the occupational history of cancer cases.

scholarly journals Asbestos and ovarian cancer: examining the historical evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Brian Slomovitz ◽  
Christopher de Haydu ◽  
Michael Taub ◽  
Robert L Coleman ◽  
Bradley J Monk
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Strength Of Association

Asbestos recently returned to the spotlight when Johnson & Johnson halted sales of baby powder due to lawsuits claiming that the talc in baby powder may have been contaminated with asbestos, which has been linked to the risk of ovarian cancer development. Although talc and asbestos have some structural similarities, only asbestos is considered causally associated with ovarian cancer by the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer. While it is useful to understand the types and properties of asbestos and its oncologic biology, the history of its association with ovarian cancer is largely based on retrospective observational studies in women working in high asbestos exposure environments. In reviewing the literature, it is critical to understand the distinction between associative risk and causality, and to examine the strength of association in the context of how the diagnosis of ovarian cancer is made and how the disease should be distinguished from a similar appearing but unrelated neoplasm, malignant mesothelioma. Based on contextual misinterpretation of these factors, it is imperative to question the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s assertion that asbestos has a clear causal inference to ovarian cancer. This has important clinical implications in the way patients are conceivably counseled and provides motivation to continue research to improve the understanding of the association between asbestos and ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Kidney Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C Y Pang ◽  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Md Nazmul Karim ◽  
Afsana Afroz ◽  
Matthew Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objectives An estimated 125 million workers are exposed to asbestos worldwide. Asbestos is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen. The association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer is not well established however. This study aimed to determine the mortality and incidence of kidney cancer in workers who have been exposed to asbestos. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer. Methods Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for articles on occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer. The studies reported the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) or standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of kidney cancer in workers exposed to asbestos. SMRs or SIRs with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a fixed-effect model. Results Forty-nine cohort studies involving 335 492 workers were selected for analysis. These studies included 468 kidney cancer deaths and 160 incident cases. The overall pooled-SMR of kidney cancer was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86–1.05), with no significant heterogeneity (PQ = 0.09, I2 = 24.87%). The overall pooled-SIR of kidney cancer was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79–1.11), with no significant heterogeneity (PQ = 0.68, I2 = 0.00%). Subgroup analysis did not find any increased association with occupational asbestos exposure. There was no evidence of publication bias with Egger’s test P values of 0.08 for mortality studies and 0.99 for incidence studies. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis did not show evidence of association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer mortality or incidence.

Evidence that iron accelerates Alzheimer’s pathology: a CSF biomarker study

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ayton ◽  
Ibrahima Diouf ◽  
Ashley Ian Bush
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Accelerated Depreciation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Alzheimer’S Pathology

ObjectiveTo investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin (reporting brain iron) is associated with longitudinal changes in CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau.MethodsMixed-effects models of CSF Aβ1-42 and tau were constructed using data from 296 participants who had baseline measurement of CSF ferritin and annual measurement of CSF tau and Aβ1-42 for up to 5 years.ResultsIn subjects with biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer’s pathology, high CSF ferritin (>6.2 ng/mL) was associated with accelerated depreciation of CSF Aβ1-42 (reporting increased plaque formation; p=0.0001). CSF ferritin was neither associated with changes in CSF tau in the same subjects, nor longitudinal changes in CSF tau or Aβ1-42 in subjects with low baseline pathology. In simulation modelling of the natural history of Aβ deposition, which we estimated to occur over 31.4 years, we predicted that it would take 12.6 years to reach the pathology threshold value of CSF Aβ from healthy normal levels, and this interval is not affected by CSF ferritin. CSF ferritin influences the fall in CSF Aβ over the next phase, where high CSF ferritin accelerated the transition from threshold preclinical Aβ levels to the average level of Alzheimer’s subjects from 18.8 to 10.8 years.ConclusionsIron might facilitate Aβ deposition in Alzheimer’s and accelerate the disease process.

Public University Use of Social Infrastructure Public–Private Partnerships (P3s): An Exploratory Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Levey ◽  
Ashley W. Connors ◽  
Lawrence L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Public University ◽  
Student Housing ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 50 states, this exploratory study looks at public university use of public–private partnerships (P3s) for a particular type of social infrastructure, student housing. The relation between state social infrastructure P3s enabling legislation and public university P3 student housing project closures is analyzed. A deep dive is conducted into the legislative requirements of four states (California, Florida, Georgia, and Virginia) that have specific enabling legislation governing public university use of P3s for social infrastructure. The study finds that public universities have a 20-year history of utilizing social infrastructure P3s for student housing. A relationship is found between state social infrastructure P3 enabling legislation and increased public university use of P3s for student housing. The study also finds that states with specific public university P3 social infrastructure enabling legislation place decidedly different requirements on their use.

scholarly journals Asbestos Exposure of Chrysotile Miners and Millers in Balangero, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-644
Author(s):  
Stefano Silvestri ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Andrea Giovannini ◽  
Francesco Grassi ◽  
Stefania Carofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Russian Study ◽  
History Of

Abstract The largest chrysotile mine in Western Europe was active in Balangero (Italy) from 1917 to 1990. We quantitatively assessed exposure to asbestos in the framework of a cohort study on mortality of Balangero miners and millers. Using documents filed at the Italian State Archive we reconstructed the job-histories of cohort members. The concentration of asbestos fibres by work-area was derived from industrial hygiene surveys since 1968 and monitoring programs since 1975. Earlier exposures had been estimated based on the experimental reconstruction of past working conditions. In the mine concentrations of about 20 fibres per millilitre (f/ml) were initially present, decreasing to 5 in the mid-1950s and to <1 in late 1970s. In milling areas higher levels were present and did not fall below 1 f/ml until the mid-1980s. Cumulative exposure of cohort members, as the sum over their job-history of their year- and area-specific exposures, were <10 fibre/millilitre years (f/ml-y) in 18% of workers, 10–100 in 32%, 100–1000 in 37%, and >1000 in 13%. Compared with recently published estimates for the Russian chrysotile mine in Asbest, fibre concentrations in Balangero were higher during the 1950s and 1960s. Such difference may be partly accounted for by difficulties in converting dust measurements to fibre concentrations in the Russian study and the need to rely on the experimental reconstruction of exposures before 1968 in our study.

scholarly journals Analysis Factors That Affecting the Incidence of Hypertension in Menopausal Woman

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Estin Gita Maringga ◽  
Nunik Ike Yunia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Village

Hypertension is an increased incidence of blood pressure characterized by the increase of sistole and diastole. Hypertension if not properly administered, can cause a variety of complications such as stroke, heart failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, and others. Based on the statistical data of menopause women risk to experience hypertension of 41% compared with males. This research aims to analyze the risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension in menopausal women in the village Kayen Kidul. The design of research in this study uses cross sectional, with the population is all menopause women who have hypertension in the village of South Kayen, using simple random samplling technique, obtained as many as 71 respondents . The variables in this study consist of a free variable that is age and a history of the use of KB and variables bound in the form of hypertension in menopausal women. The study was conducted on 16-21 September 2019, collecting data using interview and observation techniques using data collection sheets. Data analysts use linear regression, with calculations using SPSS. The results in this study were obtained from 71 respondents, 59.2% of the mother aged < 60 years, 69% had a history of hormonal contraceptives, 57.6% menopause had hypertension. The aged menopause ≥ 60 years and has a history of hormonal contraceptives have a greater risk of hypertensive incidence in menopause.

scholarly journals Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Veer Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parity Progression Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

scholarly journals Pathways to Higher Education for Native Hawaiian Individual Development Account Participants

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Asset Holding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

As the cost of higher education rises, a growing body of theory and research suggests that asset holding in the form of savings and net worth positively influence education expectations and outcomes. Native Hawaiians, like other Indigenous peoples, have disproportionately low college enrollment and graduation rates tied to a history of colonization. Using data from an Individual Development Account (IDA) program for Native Hawaiians, I examine the trajectories through the program and find: (a) welfare receipt and unemployment reduces the chances of IDA enrollment; (b) net worth increases the probability of IDA graduation; and (c) IDA graduates were more likely to gain a college degree over time compared to non-graduates. The study provides empirical evidence to the debate on asset-based interventions for Indigenous peoples.

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