scholarly journals Response of the Bacterial Community and Antibiotic Resistance in Overnight Stagnant Water from a Municipal Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Minglu Zhang ◽  
Mengyao Xu ◽  
Shaofeng Xu ◽  
Lingyue Zhang ◽  
Kaizong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Network Water

Although drinking water safety has raised considerable concern, to date, the hidden health risks in newly released overnight water from a municipal pipeline have seldom received attention. In this study, bacterial community composition and the response of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, penicillin, and cephalosporin in overnight stagnant water were analyzed. With increases in heterotrophic bacteria plate count (HPC) during water stagnation, the numbers of ARB and the ARB/HPC ratios for the five antibiotics in resident water were observed to increase, which illustrated that the prevalence of ARB rose in the pipe network water during stagnation time (ST). Furthermore, during water stagnation for 12 h, an increase in bacteria related to fermentation was also observed. When the ST rose to 48 h, the fermentation bacteria become non-significant, and this was related to the exchange of pipe network water during daytime stagnation within the 48-h period. The antibiotic resistance index (ARI) showed that tetracycline had the highest resistance level in fresh water, and then decreased during water stagnation. When ST increased to 12 h, all ARI values of the five antibiotics were low, which was associated with changes in parameters during water retention and reduced resistance during short-term stagnation. When the ST increased to 24 and 48 h, the resistance to most antibiotics (except for tetracycline) increased, which showed that increasing antibiotic resistance is caused by the formation of biofilms in the pipeline during water stagnation.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant bacteria on personal devices in hospital intensive care units: Molecular approaches to quantifying and describing changes in the bacterial community of personal mobile devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah J. Volkoff ◽  
Alexander W. McCumber ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson ◽  
Claudia K. Gunsch
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Personal Mobile Devices

AbstractBacterial community composition and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA,tetK, andvanA) on personal mobile devices (PMDs) of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance genes on PMDs decreased at the end of the shift, and a several microbial genera changed.

scholarly journals The antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in tap waters in London

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
R. Destiani ◽  
M. R. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The City

Abstract This study assessed the occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tap water sampled across London, United Kingdom. Sampling was conducted seasonally from nine locations spread geographically across the city. ARBs and ARGs (tet(A), dfrA7, and sul1) were detected in all sampling locations in all sampling rounds. Resistance to trimethoprim was the highest among the tested antibiotics and the sul1 gene was the most abundant resistance gene detected. Several opportunistic pathogens were identified amongst the ARBs in the water samples, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

scholarly journals Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aerobic composting of swine manure with different antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Song ◽  
Hongna Li ◽  
Binxu Li ◽  
Jiaxun Yang ◽  
Muhammad Fahad Sardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract Background Livestock manure is an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). The bacterial community structure and diversity are usually studied using high-throughput sequencing that cannot provide direct evidence for ARB changes. Thus, little is known about the distribution of ARB, especially in the presence of different antibiotics in composting process. In this study, the fate of ARB was investigated in aerobic composting of swine manure, using chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin as typical antibiotics. The abundance and species of ARB were analyzed systematically to evaluate their ecological risk at different stages of composting. Results The absolute abundance of total ARB decreased, while the relative abundance increased on day 2. The relative abundance of lincomycin-resistant bacteria was higher than other ARBs during the whole composting process. The absolute abundance of four ARBs was 9.42 × 106–2.51 × 102 CFU/g (lincomycin- > chlortetracycline- > sulfamethoxazole- > ciprofloxacin- > multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria), and they were not completely inactivated at the end of composting. Antibiotics led to a partial proliferation of ARBs including Corynebacterium, Sporosarcina, Solibacillus, and Acinetobacter. Especially, Corynebacterium, a pathogenic genus, was observed in chlortetracycline and lincomycin treatments. Conclusion Among the antibiotics studied, lincomycin showed the highest ecological risk, due to it expanded the range of lincomycin-resistant bacteria at the phyla level (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria). The principal co-ordinates analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure was primarily associated with the composting stages rather than antibiotic types. Possible potential hosts and the related to the decrease of ARGs abundance were indicated based on the network analysis. The decrease of culturable Proteobacteria and the increase of culturable Firmicutes (Solibacillus, Bacillus) partially explained the high degradation rate of various ARGs with the progress of composting in this study. These results provided important information for the control of antibiotic resistance in composting.

scholarly journals Detection of Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria in Healthy Cattle from Maiduguri Metropolitan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Ibrahim Yusuf Ngoshe ◽  
Hashidu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Healthy Cattle

Aim: Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria on apparently health animals has turned antibiotic resistance to multifaceted process and threatens global food security and public health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistance profile of isolates from apparently healthy cattle in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 120 nasal swab samples were collected from cattle. Colony identification was according to the guidelines of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The susceptibility pattern of the isolates was conducted on the identified isolates according to the Modified Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method on Muller-Hilton agar and interpreted according to the procedures of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2018) guidelines. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated using the formula, MARI=a/b where “a” is the number of antibiotic resisted and “b” is the total number of antibiotic used in the study. Results: Of the total samples (120) from cattle 96 (80%) detected the following isolates; E. coli was the most commonly recovered isolates (33, 34.4%), followed by Klebsiella spp (28, 29.2%), Salmonella spp (21, 21.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14, 14.5%). In this study, all the recovered isolates were found to be multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, with highest resistance was shown by Salmonella spp. The high MARI observed in all the isolates in this study ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. MARI value of 0.2 > is suggests multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and indicate presence of highly resistant bacteria. Conclusion: The study indicates highly resistant bacteria are carried by healthy food animals. Thus, there is need for continued monitoring of antibiotics use in animal husbandry to prevent further spread of resistance in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Metagenomic and Metaproteomic Insights into Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic Interactions in a Synechococcus Culture

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jiayao Lu ◽  
Wenxin Lin ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Coculture System

ABSTRACT Microbial photoautotroph-heterotroph interactions underlie marine food webs and shape ecosystem diversity and structure in upper ocean environments. Here, bacterial community composition, lifestyle preference, and genomic- and proteomic-level metabolic characteristics were investigated for an open ocean Synechococcus ecotype and its associated heterotrophs over 91 days of cocultivation. The associated heterotrophic bacterial assembly mostly constituted five classes, including Flavobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Phycisphaerae, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The seven most abundant taxa/genera comprised >90% of the total heterotrophic bacterial community, and five of these displayed distinct lifestyle preferences (free-living or attached) and responses to Synechococcus growth phases. Six high-quality genomes, including Synechococcus and the five dominant heterotrophic bacteria, were reconstructed. The only primary producer of the coculture system, Synechococcus, displayed metabolic processes primarily involved in inorganic nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and organic matter biosynthesis and release. Two of the flavobacterial populations, Muricauda and Winogradskyella, and an SM1A02 population, displayed preferences for initial degradation of complex compounds and biopolymers, as evinced by high abundances of TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs), glycoside hydrolase, and peptidase proteins. Polysaccharide utilization loci present in the flavobacterial genomes influence their lifestyle preferences and close associations with phytoplankton. In contrast, the alphaproteobacterium Oricola sp. population mainly utilized low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through ATP-binding cassette (ABC), tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP), and tripartite tricarboxylate transporter (TTT) transport systems. The heterotrophic bacterial populations exhibited complementary mechanisms for degrading Synechococcus-derived organic matter and driving nutrient cycling. In addition to nutrient exchange, removal of reactive oxygen species and vitamin trafficking might also contribute to the maintenance of the Synechococcus-heterotroph coculture system and the interactions shaping the system. IMPORTANCE The high complexity of in situ ecosystems renders it difficult to study marine microbial photoautotroph-heterotroph interactions. Two-member coculture systems of picocyanobacteria and single heterotrophic bacterial strains have been thoroughly investigated. However, in situ interactions comprise far more diverse heterotrophic bacterial associations with single photoautotrophic organisms. In the present study, combined metagenomic and metaproteomic data supplied the metabolic potentials and activities of uncultured dominant bacterial populations in the coculture system. The results of this study shed light on the nature of interactions between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, improving our understanding of the complexity of in situ environments.

Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1875-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Novo ◽  
Sandra André ◽  
Paula Viana ◽  
Olga C. Nunes ◽  
Célia M. Manaia
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Environment of Poultry Farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvaneswary Veloo ◽  
Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir ◽  
Rafiza Shaharudin ◽  
Sakshaleni Rajendiran ◽  
Lim Kuang Hock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Environmental Bacteria

Abstract Background The occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) due to the high demand in poultry industries are of great public health concern. Indiscriminate and abusive use of various antibiotics on a large scale causes antibiotic resistance (AMR) in animal-associated bacteria that may be pathogenic to humans. These bacteria are widely disseminated in the environment via animal waste. This study was therefore designed to assess the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) among the environmental bacteria in poultry farms and to determine the risk contamination category of poultry by calculating the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI). Results More than half (58.2%) of the 511 total bacteria had MAR, and a number of bacteria were resistant to cefazolin (86.8%), fusidic acid (84.6%), ampicillin (79.3%), clindamycin (65.5%) and erythromycin (63.7%). These antibiotics are listed under the WHO’s criteria of critically and highly important antibiotics in human medicine. In this study, 39.53% of the MARI values, which indicate the contamination level in the environment, indicated a high risk, while 14.48% were ambiguous. Conclusion These results therefore have shown that MAR is present not only among humans and animals but also in environmental bacteria. The high prevalence of MAR and the MARI values, together with the resistance patterns of each bacterium, indicate various effects, including possible occupational risks among workers. This study provides an introduction to the AMR of bacteria in the environment. Further studies are needed to observe the horizontal transfer of the resistance gene and the overall mobile genetic elements in environmental bacteria.

scholarly journals Increasing addition of autochthonous to allochthonous carbon in nutrient-rich aquatic systems stimulates carbon consumption but does not alter bacterial community composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 14261-14300 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Attermeyer ◽  
T. Hornick ◽  
Z. E. Kayler ◽  
A. Bahr ◽  
E. Zwirnmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Carbon Consumption

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations – mainly of terrestrial origin – are increasing worldwide in inland waters. The biodegradability of the DOC varies depending on quantity and chemical quality. Heterotrophic bacteria are the main consumers of DOC and thus determine DOC temporal dynamics and availability for higher trophic levels. It is therefore crucial to understand the processes controlling the bacterial turnover of additional allochthonous and autochthonous DOC in aquatic systems. Our aim was to study bacterial carbon (C) turnover with respect to DOC quantity and chemical quality using both allochthonous and autochthonous DOC sources. We incubated a natural bacterial community with allochthonous C (13C-labeled beech leachate) and increased concentrations and pulses (intermittent occurrence of organic matter input) of autochthonous C (algae lysate). We then determined bacterial carbon consumption, activities, and community composition together with the carbon flow through bacteria using stable C isotopes. The chemical analysis of single sources revealed differences in aromaticity and fractions of low and high molecular weight substances (LMWS and HMWS, respectively) between allochthonous and autochthonous C sources. In parallel to these differences in chemical composition, we observed a higher availability of allochthonous C as evidenced by increased DOC consumption and bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) when solely allochthonous C was provided. In treatments with mixed sources, rising concentrations of added autochthonous DOC resulted in a further, significant increase in bacterial DOC consumption from 52 to 68% when nutrients were not limiting. This rise was accompanied by a decrease in the humic substances (HS) fraction and an increase in bacterial biomass. Stable C isotope analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and respired dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) supported a preferential assimilation of autochthonous C and respiration of the allochthonous C. Changes in DOC concentration and consumption in mixed treatments did not affect bacterial community composition (BCC), but BCC differed in single vs. mixed incubations. Our study highlights that DOC quantity affects bacterial C consumption but not BCC in nutrient-rich aquatic systems. BCC shifted when a mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous C was provided simultaneously to the bacterial community. Our results indicate that chemical quality rather than source of DOC per se (allochthonous vs. autochthonous) determines bacterial DOC turnover.

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