scholarly journals Needs and rights awareness of stroke survivors and caregivers in urban and rural China: a cross-sectional, multiple-centre questionnaire survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e021820
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Xia ◽  
Xiaolin Tian ◽  
Tianli Zhang ◽  
Peilu Wang ◽  
Yanfen Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban

ObjectivesStroke survivors require assistance and support in their daily lives. This survey aims to investigate the needs and rights awareness in Chinese stroke survivors and caregivers in rural and urban settings.SettingThis survey was adapted from the one created by the World Stroke Organization. The questionnaire included demands for psychological support, treatment and care, social support and information. From January 2015 to January 2016, the survey was pilot tested with urban and rural-dwelling stroke survivors and caregivers from 12 hospitals. Stroke survivors were invited to participate if they were over 18 years old and had experienced a stroke. Exclusion criteria were patients who had disorders of consciousness, significant cognitive impairment, aphasia, communication difficulties or psychiatric disorders. Only caregivers who were family members of the patients were chosen. Paid caregivers were excluded.ParticipantsOne thousand, one hundred and sixty-seven stroke survivors and 1119 caregivers were enrolled.Primary outcome measuresThe needs of stroke survivors and caregivers in rural and urban areas were compared. The correlations between needs of rural and urban stroke survivors and caregivers and potential effect factors were analysed, respectively.ResultsAmong the cohort, 93.5% reported the need for psychological support, 88.6% for treatment and care, 84.8% for information and 62.7% for social support. The total needs and each aspect of needs of stroke survivors in urban settings were greater than of those in rural settings (p<0.01). In rural areas, total needs and each aspect of needs were positively correlated with education level (p<0.01).ConclusionsNeeds and rights awareness of stroke survivors should also be recognised in both urban and rural China. According to the different needs of patients and their caregivers, regional and individualised services were needed by stroke survivors and their caregivers.

scholarly journals Needs and rights awareness of stroke survivors and caregivers: a cross-sectional, single-centre questionnaire survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e013210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiaoshuang Xia ◽  
Peilu Wang ◽  
Shuting Zhang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Male Patients

ObjectivesThe needs and rights awareness of stroke survivors have not been reported in China. This study investigated the needs and rights awareness of stroke survivors and caregivers in Tianjin, China.SettingA survey launched by the World Stroke Organization was conducted in Tianjin, China. The questionnaire included demands for psychological support, treatment and care, social support and information. Stroke survivors and their caregivers were interviewed face to face for the questionnaire. Between June 2014 and February 2015, stroke survivors were invited to participate if they were more than 18 years old and had experienced a stroke. Exclusion criteria were patients who had disorders of consciousness, significant cognitive impairment, aphasia, communication difficulties or psychiatric disorders. Only caregivers who were family members of the patients were chosen. Paid caregivers were excluded.ParticipantsTwo hundred and forty-eight stroke survivors and 212 caregivers were enrolled.Primary outcome measuresThe correlations between levels of needs and potential effect factors were analysed. Levels of different needs were compared by age, gender and time since stroke.ResultsAmong the cohort, 95.6% stroke survivors and 92.5% caregivers agreed to each question in the questionnaire. The participants prioritised the needs for psychological support (99.4%), treatment and care (98.6%), social support (98%) and information (96.2%). The total score was negatively correlated with age (r=−0.255, p<0.01). Patients below 65 years old had higher scores than those 65 years or older (p<0.01), while male patients had higher scores than female patients (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe needs for psychological and emotional support, individual treatment, social support and information about stroke were eagerly reported by most survivors. The Bill of Rights must be recognised by the Chinese society, providing appropriate stroke care to every patient to optimise stroke outcomes.

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

Gender and sexual minorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Richard Bradlow ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Suraj Beloskar ◽  
Gurvinder Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Push And Pull

A person’s living environment can have substantial impact on his/her mental health due to a range of factors related to the environment. It has often been argued that urban settings are a hotpot of sociocultural evolutions that attract individuals from the gender and sexual minority (GSM) groups. This has led to migration from rural to urban areas and also from one urban area to another urban area. Various push and pull factors in both the rural and urban areas help GSM individuals decide in which direction to move. While rural areas present with challenges such as social isolation within a homophobic/transphobic environment, urban areas also have their own unique set of challenges for the GSM population. In this chapter, we focus on various factors in both rural and urban settings that impact on the mental health of GSM population.

scholarly journals Standard Precautions Among Emergency Medical Services in Urban and Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Riyadh A. Alhazmi ◽  
R. David Parker ◽  
Sijin Wen
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Rural And Urban

Backround: Emergency medical services (EMS) workers are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and frequently exposed to blood and bodily fluids through percutaneous injuries. This study aimed to assess the consistency with which standard precautions (SPs) among rural and urban EMS providers were used. Methods: This study consisted of a cross-sectional survey conducted with a sample of certified EMS providers in West Virginia in which we ascertained details about sociodemographic characteristics, and the frequency of consistent SP. An email invitation was sent to a comprehensive list of agencies obtained from the Office of West Virginia EMS. Findings: A total of 248 out of 522 (47%) EMS providers completed the survey. The majority of the EMS providers (76%) consistently complied with SPs; however, more than one third (38%) of urban EMS providers indicated inconsistent use compared with 19% of rural EMS providers ( p = .002). Most EMS providers reported low prevention practices to exposure of blood and body fluids in both areas. Conclusion/Application to Practice: The results emphasize the need to enhanced safe work practices among EMS providers in both rural and urban areas through education and increasing self-awareness. Occupational health professional in municipalities that serve these workers are instrumental in ensuring these workers are trained and evaluated for their compliance with SPs while in the field.

scholarly journals KUALITAS DIET, STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS ANEMIA WANITA PRAKONSEPSI ANTARA DESA DAN KOTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Cindy Fariski ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
Rural And Urban

The health status during the preconception period was important to prepare pregnancy. Living patterns that can affect diet quality and nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the differences in diet quality, nutritional status, and anemia between preconception women in rural and urban areas. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design that consisted of 68 brides aged 16-35 years selected by consecutive sampling. Diet quality was obtained by diet quality index international (DQI-I) form. Nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Hemoglobin levels were measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Data were analyzed by Independent T-test and Mann Whitney. Subjects in rural and urban areas had low diet quality. The score of variation in the type of protein intake, total fat, and saturated fat was higher in rural areas than urban areas (p=0,001; p=0,013; p=0,002). The mean BMI and MUAC were higher in urban subjects than rural subjects but the hemoglobin levels of rural subjects were higher than urban subjects. The subjects of anemia in urban was 23,5 percent were higher than rural was 14,7 percent but the risk of chronic energy deficiency in rural was 55,9% were higher than urban was 11,8 percent. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels between preconception women in rural and urban areas (p=0,990; p=0,116). There were a differences in BMI and MUAC (p=0,026; p=<0,001). There were differences in nutritional status based on BMI and MUAC in both areas. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels in rural and urban areas

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Malaria in Selected Urban and Rural Areas in Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
C. C. Nduka ◽  
H. N. Chineke ◽  
P. O. Adogu ◽  
A. F. Chizoba
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Malaria, a disease of poverty, is of significant public health concern. It is endemic in Nigeria with the risk of transmission appearing to be high because of favorable climatic and environmental factors. Increased susceptibility to malaria has also been linked to dirty surroundings that favor the breeding and propagation of the vector, poor access to quality health care and ignorance especially of malaria prevention strategies. However, this study investigated the role of socioeconomic factors responsible for the observed difference in malaria prevalence between selected rural and urban areas of Anambra, Nigeria. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study, data on demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected from 202 urban and rural respondents, then analyzed using SPSS platform to generate chi-square test of significance. The results were presented in figures, table and charts for clarity. All the subjects were aware of the term malaria but only 63.4% had adequate specific knowledge of malaria. Generally, 25.7% of rural participants had no formal education while the urban group had only 4% of that particular category. About 52.5% of rural participants earned below 50,000 naira monthly, with 14.9% earning above 100,000 naira while the reverse was the case in the urban area. Also, the number of malaria episodes was inversely proportional to the household monthly income (X2=24.30, p<0.001). More episodes of malaria were also reported among the unskilled workers and skilled workers (71.3%) compared to Professionals (28.7%), yet all the participants reported the presence of a healthcare facility <3km from their houses with 95% and 80.2% of them in the rural and urban areas respectively having to pay out-of-pocket for healthcare services. It is clear that socioeconomic factors play a role in the persistence of malaria as an endemic disease in Nigeria. Therefore, existing control measures should incorporate strategies to end poverty and ignorance especially among the rural populace.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Ghanaians: The RODAM Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marzà-Florensa ◽  
Daniel Boateng ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Erik Beune ◽  
Karlijn A. C. Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: Multimorbidity is a growing public health concern due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, yet information about multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries and migrant populations is scarce. We aimed to investigate the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in rural and urban areas in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe.Methods: The RODAM cross-sectional study included 4,833 participants. Multimorbidity was defined as presence of multiple non-communicable chronic conditions. Patterns were determined from frequent combination of conditions. Prevalence ratios were estimated by logistic regression.Results: Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in women and in urban Ghana and Europe. We observed a cardiometabolic pattern in all sites as well as circulatory-musculoskeletal and metabolic-musculoskeletal combinations in Ghana. Multimorbidity prevalence ratios were higher in Europe (men 1.47, 95% CI 1.34–1.59, women 1.18, 1.10–1.26) and urban Ghana (men 1.46, 1.31–1.59, women 1.27, 1.19–1.34).Conclusion: Distribution and patterns of multimorbidity differed by sex and site. With a higher burden of multimorbidity in urban areas, prevention strategies should focus on forestalling its increase in rapidly growing rural areas.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Attitude of Adolescents Studying in Junior Colleges of Rural and Urban Areas of Vijayapura towards Social Aspects of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285
Author(s):  
Sadashiva Basavantappa Ukkali ◽  
Nagamani Kulkarni ◽  
Thobbi A.N. ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Shruthi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Adolescent period is that part of exciting period of life which marks the transition from being a dependent kid to an independent and responsible adult. It is recognised as a fascinating period that poses specific challenges and has a great impact on the physical, social and emotional behaviour in the family and society. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional survey of a total of 1000 adolescents, 16 - 18 years of age – 250 each from 4 PU colleges (2 urban + 2 rural) were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Based on responses, their attitude towards social aspects of life were assessed, analysed and compared. RESULTS There were significant differences in attitude of adolescents residing in urban areas on various social aspects of life as compared to the adolescents residing in rural areas. Significant differences were observed in personality development traits like selfesteem and self-concept, shrewdness, tender mindedness, internal restraint and individual capacities. Risk taking behaviour was more common in urban adolescents and academic underachievement was more common in rural adolescents. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to home / college environment, safety at home / college, relationships with parents, siblings and friends, depression and social ideation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that rural and urban adolescents differed significantly in their attitude towards development of personality traits. Rural adolescents were academically underachievers because of poor facilities, less opportunities and lack of motivation. Urban adolescents exhibited high risk-taking behaviour compared to rural adolescents because of high peer-pressure, curiosity and more exposure to mass media. KEY WORDS Adolescent, Attitude, Rural, Urban, Social

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Nigeria: A Rural-Urban Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oladapo Ajayi ◽  
◽  
Demilade Olusola Ibirongbe ◽  
Tope Michael Ipinnimo ◽  
Oluremi Olayinka Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Household Heads

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure occurs when the burden of Out-of-pocket health expenditure has reached a certain level that a household must forego the expenditure on other basic needs of life to meet the health expenses of its member(s) of the household. Worldwide, over 44 million households suffer annually from financial catastrophe. This study intends to determine the prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure amongst rural and urban communities in Ekiti, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a comparative cross-sectional study of households within selected rural and urban communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A pre-tested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data over a period of 4 months from a sample of 1,000 household heads, using a multistage sampling technique. Data obtained were then entered using the SPSS version 20 and analysed with STATA 12. Two different methodologies were used to calculate household catastrophic health expenditure, with sensitivity analysis done. Univariate analysis were used to describe the population in relation to relevant variables. Result: The prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high using the two methodological calculations. It was significantly higher in the rural areas, 18.5% than the urban areas, 12.8% (p=0.015) for first method; it was also higher in the rural areas, 8.3% compared to the urban areas, 2.5% (p<0.001) for the second method. Conclusion: Prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high in Nigeria, but worse in the rural areas. It’s therefore vital to establish financial and social intervention mechanisms that can protect households from incurring catastrophic health expenditure.

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