Socioeconomic Variation of Multimorbidity in Colombian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
José Moreno-Montoya ◽  
Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten ◽  
Pedro Barrera-López ◽  
José A. De la Hoz-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Abstract BackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Variations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their context have been described, mostly in high-income scenarios. This study aims to assess the magnitude and the socioeconomic factors associated with variations on multimorbidity in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional multilevel study with a nationally representative sample of 23 694 Colombian adults aged 60 years and older was conducted. Individual socioeconomic, demographic, childhood and health related characteristics, as well as group level variables (multidimensional poverty index and infectious diseases mortality rate) were analyzed. A two-level stepwise structural equation model was used to simultaneously adjust the individual and contextual effects. ResultsMultimorbidity prevalence was 62.3% (95% CI 61.7–62.9). In the multilevel adjusted models, age, female sex, having functional limitations, non-white ethnicity, high body mass index, higher income, physical inactivity, poverty during childhood and living in urban areas were associated with multimorbidity. The mediation analysis showed that living in rural areas was significantly associated with infectious disease mortality rate and other individual associations with multimorbidity were mediated by the multidimensional poverty variable. ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates a strong association between multimorbidity and poverty in a low-middle income country. Differences in the factors involved in the etiology of multimorbidity are expected among wealthy and poor countries regarding availability and prioritization of health services.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic variation of multimorbidity in Colombian older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
José Moreno-Montoya ◽  
Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten ◽  
Pedro Barrera-López ◽  
José A. De la Hoz-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

AbstractMultimorbidity (MM) prevalence among older adults is increasing worldwide. Variations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their context have been described, mostly in high-income settings. However, further research is needed to understand the effect of the coexistence of infectious diseases along with socioeconomic factors regarding MM. This study aims to examine the variation of MM regarding infectious diseases mortality after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional multilevel study with a nationally representative sample of 17,571 Colombian adults of 60 years of age or older was conducted. Individual socioeconomic, demographic, childhood and health related characteristics, as well as group level variables (multidimensional poverty index and infectious diseases mortality rate) were analyzed. A two-level stepwise structural equation model was used to simultaneously adjust for the individual and contextual effects. Multimorbidity prevalence was 62.3% (95% CI 61.7–62.9). In the multilevel adjusted models, age, female sex, having functional limitations, non-white ethnicity, high body mass index, higher income, physical inactivity and living in urban areas were associated with multimorbidity among the sample for this study. The median odds ratio for multidimensional poverty was 1.18 (1.16–1.19; p = 0.008) and for infectious diseases was 1.25 (1.22–1.28; p = 0.014). This paper demonstrates that MM varies regarding the mortality of infectious diseases and shows a strong association between MM and poverty in a low-middle income country. Differences in the factors involved in the etiology of multimorbidity are expected among wealthy and poor countries regarding availability and prioritization of health services.

scholarly journals Eating Habits of Elderly in Aceh-Indonesia and the Associated Demographic Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Sufyan Anwar ◽  
Maiza Duana ◽  
. Marniati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims: The study aims to prove the correlation between demographic factors and the eating habits of the elderly in Aceh, Indonesia. Study Design:  A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Aceh Barat district, Aceh province-Indonesia between June and October 2019. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out by involving the elderly (age of 60 years or above) in 483 participants. Bivariate analysis was conducted through a chi-square test using SPSS version 21 to answer the research hypothesis. Results: Four hundred and eighty three (483) elderly people with mean age of 69.76 years were enrolled, of these, 68.9% were women and 58.2% were unemployed. Fifty-nine percent of respondents live in rural areas and 64.39% had good eating habits. Finding unveiled that age had a significant correlation with eating habits (P=0,05), gender did not correlate with eating habits (P>0,05). Occupation correlated with eating habits (P=0.05), and area of residence correlated with eating habits (P=0,05).. Conclusion: The study concluded that younger age (60-69 years old), employed, and living in urban areas positively contribute to establishing healthy eating habits in the elderly in Aceh. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct intervention studies in the occupation variable as a modifiable variable.

scholarly journals Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam David Saifullah ◽  
Nur Latifah ◽  
Eria Riski Artanti ◽  
Kadek Dewi Cahyani ◽  
Umi Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is a higher prevalence of mental distress in rural areas compared to urban areas in Indonesia. The rural areas of Indonesia have various socio-demographic and sophisticated cultural characteristics, but less exposed to foreign cultures. Thus, the study about the prevalence, associated factors, and predictors of mental distress in rural areas is necessary.Purpose: This study aimed to identify the population's status and related factors of mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the aims of the study. An Indonesian version of the Self-Rated Questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, was used to measure mental distress status of population in rural areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A number of 872 records were included and analyzed using both univariate and bivariate analyses in this study.Results: The prevalence of mental distress in this population was 6%. The correlated factors of mental distress were age (χ2=6.93, p=0.01), gender (χ2=0.07, p=0.03), occupation (χ2=0.26, p=0.02), housing dimension (χ2=5.45, p=0.02), and illness status (χ2=0.01, p<0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of mental distress in rural areas of Indonesia is relatively lower than that of the national level. Future mental health programs may be focused on improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers, overcrowded housing, and people who got a chronic illness.

scholarly journals Does the social status of the elderly impact morbidities among them? – A cross sectional Study in a district of Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Shashwat S Nagar ◽  
Noopur S Nagar ◽  
Hirenkumar B Patel ◽  
Darshan Mahyavanshi ◽  
S S Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

Background: The aging population is both medical & sociological problem for the country and they suffer with high rates of morbidity and mortality. So Social factors lay a significant impact on the health practices and this study will help us to understand and evaluate their health problems of elderly. Aims and Objective: 1. To assess the social status of elderly population. 2. To associate the findings with morbidities of elderly Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in urban and rural area of Surendranagar district among 611 elderly, using a predesigned and pre tested questionnaire by directly questioning the subjects with oral and written consent. For selection of the area, in both areas, the sampling units were enumerated and samples were collected by using simple random sampling, data was entered and analyzed using MS excel 2007. Result: Nearly 60 % of the subjects were currently unemployed and the predominant family system was 3 generation family. Majority of the families in the urban areas were from social class 4, whereas in the rural areas were from social class 5. Having poor social score had a statistically significant association with presence of morbidity in elderly both areas. Conclusions: Majority of elderly in both urban and rural areas had a poor social status. Role of the family and social structure on the health of the elderly can be clearly established. However, support structure must be developed in our social system in a way that the destitute and dependent elderly are taken care of by either government system or social organizations like NGOs and old age home.

scholarly journals Emotional and Instrumental Social Support as Determinants of Happiness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Malaysian Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Nazarudin Safian ◽  
Saharuddin Ahmad ◽  
Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah ◽  
Zulkefley Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Happiness is an essential component for experience healthy ageing. Hence, understanding the factors that contribute to happiness is essential for a better quality of life. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with happiness among the elderly population in Malaysia.Methods: In this study, 1204 respondents were recruited from urban and rural areas in Selangor. The face-to-face interview was conducted using the Bahasa Malaysian version of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study questionnaire. The inclusion criteria include Malaysians who are 60 years old and above and can converse in the Malaysian language. Those who encounter less than seven scores for the Abbreviated Mental Test were excluded from the study.Result: Among the 1204 respondents, 953 (79.2%) of them were happy. In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, men who were happy, 60 to 74 years old and live in urban areas were significantly associated with happiness. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant factors associated with happiness among the elderly include the social support they receive, both emotional support (adjusted OR 2.33) and instrumental support (adjusted OR 1.59); the locality they reside in (adjusted OR 1.65); how they self-rated themselves in terms of their health status (adjusted OR 1.58); their educational level (adjusted OR 4.20) and their household income (adjusted OR 0.77).Conclusion: Thus, ensuring the elderly population in receiving emotional and instrumental support can enhance their happiness level.

scholarly journals Unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living among elderly in rural and urban areas in Kwara State Central Senatorial District, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Mojirola Martina Fasiku ◽  
Kabir Adekunle Durowade ◽  
Matthew Olumuyiwa Bojuwoye ◽  
Abdullahi Ahmed ◽  
Medinat Omobola Osinubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objective: The elderly usually require assistance and sometimes have unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. This study assessed the unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living among the elderly in rural and urban areas in Kwara Central Senatorial District, Nigeria.  Methods:  Cross-sectional data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires from 300 elderly using the multistage sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20 was used to analyze data, and the level of significance was predetermined at a p-value less than 0.05.  Results: Overall, 60% of the elderly in the urban than rural group (46%) had unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. The prevalence of unmet needs for assistance with basic activities of daily living in the rural areas ranged from 0.0% (eating) to 70.8 % (bathing) and 0.0% (eating) to 68.8 % (transferring) in the urban areas. The prevalence of unmet needs for instrumental activities of daily living ranged from 16.7% (handling finances) to 59.3 % (cooking) for those in the rural areas. However, the range was from 33.3% (transportation) to 75.0% (taking medications) in the urban areas. The urban respondents had higher unmet needs for assistance with telephone use than rural respondents. (p=0.004*).  Conclusion: The elderly in the urban areas had a higher prevalence of unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. The government must address the needs of the elderly through a policy to prevent unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living.

Mortality of Stroke and Its Subtypes in China: Results from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghong Chen ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Xiaojuan Ru ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background: In China, stroke is the leading cause of death and contributes to a heavy disease burden. However, a nationwide population-based survey of the mortality of stroke and its subtypes is lacking for this country. Methods: Data derived from the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China, which was a multistage, stratified clustering sampling-designed, cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Mortality rate analyses were performed for 476,156 participants ≥20 years old from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Results: Of the 476,156 participants in the investigated population, 364 died of ischemic stroke, 373 of hemorrhagic stroke, and 21 of stroke of undetermined pathological type. The age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years among those aged ≥20 years were 114.8 for total stroke, 56.5 for ischemic stroke, and 55.8 for hemorrhagic stroke. The age-standardized mortality rates of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke were all higher in rural areas than those in urban areas. The stroke mortality rate was higher in the northern regions than in the south. An estimated 1.12 million people aged ≥20 years in China died of stroke during the period from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Conclusions: The burden of stroke in China is still heavy. Greater attention should be paid to improve strategies for preventing stroke.

scholarly journals Health status of elderly: a comparative study among urban and rural dwellers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Zare ◽  
Prashant Kokiwar ◽  
B. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Rural Elders

Background: Due to advancement in the medical science, the life expectancy is showing an increase in every census. Hence there is also growing demand to have good quality of life among the elderly. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the health status of elderly in urban areas of Shapur and rural areas of Gummadidala.Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural areas located at Gummadidala, Nallavelli, Anantharam and in urban areas located at Shapur, Kalavathinagar, Subashnagar among geriatric aged people above 60 years. Study was conducted over a period of eight months from August 2017 to March 2018.Results: Overall almost all diseases were more common in rural elders compared to the urban elders except gynecological diseases. Among these hypertension, ear diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, psychological disorders, cancer and neurological diseases were significantly more common in rural elders than urban elders (p<0.05). Only gynecological diseases were significantly more common in urban women and this may be due to more percentage of hysterectomies among rural females.Conclusions: Elderly people in the rural areas are more prone to suffer from diseases as compared to their urban counterparts. 

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dementia in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Jelastopulu ◽  
Evangelia Giourou ◽  
Konstantinos Argyropoulos ◽  
Eleftheria Kariori ◽  
Eleftherios Moratis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. Dementia’s prevalence increases due to population aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic profile of Greek patients with dementia and the differences in management between the urban and rural population. Methods. A cross sectional study was carried out including 161 randomly selected specialists from different regions in Greece who filled in a structured questionnaire relating to patients with dementia, regarding various sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results. A total of 4580 patients (52% males) with dementia were recorded. Mean age was 73.6 years and 31% lived in rural areas. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used in 87% of cases. In the urban areas the diagnosis of dementia was made in an earlier stage of the disease in comparison to the rural areas (P=0.013). Higher comorbidity and a higher percentage of low education were evident in rural residents (P<0.001), while higher medication usage was observed in urban patients (P=0.04). Conclusions. The results implicate the need for improvement in health care delivery in Greek rural areas and health care professionals’ training to achieve a proper treatment of dementias and increase the quality of life among the elderly habitants of remote areas.

scholarly journals Estimates of multidimensional poverty for India using NSSO-71 and -75

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Mothkoor ◽  
Nina Badgaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
State Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization

We measure multidimensional poverty in India using National Sample Survey Organization data from 2014–15 to 2017–18. We use income, health, education, and standard of living to measure the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The MPI headcount declined from 26.9 to 13.75 per cent over the study period. The all-India estimates indicate that 144 million people were lifted from poverty during this period. We include different health dimensions, factoring in insurance, institutional coverage, antenatal care, and chronic conditions. Income is the dominant instrument with the highest contribution to the MPI, followed by insurance. Cooking, sanitation, and education also have significant weights. The decline in deprivation is steeper in rural areas than urban areas. Our state-level estimates reveal that 20 states report less than 10 per cent headcount poverty, up from six states. COVID-19 may lead to reversals of these gains, with poverty rising to pre-2014–15 levels, rising more steeply in rural areas.

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