scholarly journals Testing the Preliminary Validity of a Multidimensional Framework for Studying the Effects of Cancer Health Literacy on Cancer Screening Behaviors among Diverse Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Echeverri ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Jacqueline M. Haas ◽  
Marc E. Johnson ◽  
Friar Sergio A. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cancer Screenings ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Cultural Domain ◽  
Cancer Literacy ◽  
Key Dimensions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a multidimensional framework to explore factors associated with cancer literacy and its effects on receiving cancer screenings among diverse populations. Based on the conceptual framework, we developed and pilot-tested the Multidimensional Cancer Literacy Questionnaire (MCLQ) among 1500 individuals (African Americans, Latinos and Whites) in Louisiana. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the MCLQ underlying structure and predominant factors explaining each of the dimensions in the model. A total of 82 items (explaining 67% of the total variance) in the MCLQ were grouped into 20 factors associated with three key dimensions related to cancer literacy. Preliminary validity of the MCLQ was supported: Cronbach alpha for the scale score was 0.89 and internal consistency reliability coefficients for each factor were all above 0.67. The Facilitators Domain included five factors (28 items) that may positively influence individuals to have early-detection cancer screenings. The Barriers Domain included seven factors (26 items) explaining aspects that may negatively influence individuals to have cancer screenings. The Cultural Domain included eight factors (28 items) related to aspects that influence positively or negatively individuals’ perceptions regarding cancer as a disease, screenings and treatments. A multidimensional framework to study cancer literacy, including cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices, as well as facilitators and barriers, among diverse populations, will increase understanding of factors influencing individuals’ approach to cancer prevention and screening. Results will inform further testing of the multidimensional framework and questionnaire.

scholarly journals Cancer Health Literacy and Willingness to Participate in Cancer Research and Donate Bio-Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Echeverri ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Anna Nápoles ◽  
Jacqueline Haas ◽  
Marc Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bonferroni Procedure ◽  
The Relationship

Although it has been well documented that poor health literacy is associated with limited participation in cancer clinical trials, studies assessing the relationships between cancer health literacy (CHL) and participation in research among diverse populations are lacking. In this study, we examined the relationship between CHL and willingness to participate in cancer research and/or donate bio-specimens (WPRDB) among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites. Participants completed the Cancer Health Literacy Test and the Multidimensional Cancer Literacy Questionnaire. Total-scale and subscale scores, frequencies, means, and distributions were computed. Analyses of variance, the Bonferroni procedure, and the Holm method were used to examine significant differences among groups. Cronbach’s alphas estimated scales’ internal consistency reliability. Significant interactions were found between race/ethnicity, gender, and CHL on WPRDB scales and subscale scores, even after education and age were taken into account. Our study confirms that CHL plays an important role that should be considered and researched further. The majority of participants were more willing to participate in non-invasive research studies (surveys, interviews, and training) or collection of bio-specimens (saliva, check cells, urine, and blood) and in studies led by their own healthcare providers, and local hospitals and universities. However, participants were less willing to participate in more-invasive studies requiring them to take medications, undergo medical procedures or donate skin/tissues. We conclude that addressing low levels of CHL and using community-based participatory approaches to address the lack of knowledge and trust about cancer research among diverse populations may increase not only their willingness to participate in research and donate bio-specimens, but may also have a positive effect on actual participation rates.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Events in Patients on Antidementia Medications

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331752092238
Author(s):  
Meiqi He ◽  
James M. Stevenson ◽  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Inmaculada Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Blockers

Objective: To identify characteristics associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) and treated with antidementia medications. Methods: Demographics, diagnoses, and medication usage of 30 433 Medicare patients were analyzed using 2006 to 2013 claims data and a combined model of screening, ranking and stepwise logistic regressions to evaluate factors associated with composite outcomes of 6 cardiovascular events. Results: Incidence rate of at least 1 cardiovascular event was 25.1%. Fifty-five factors were identified from the 10 381 candidate variables by the combined model with a c-statistic of 67% and an accuracy of 75%. Factors associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events include history of heart rhythm disorders, alteration of consciousness (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.36), and usage of β-blockers (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.13-1.27). Conclusions: Clinicians should consider the increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with AD with heart rhythm disorders and on β-blockers.

scholarly journals Constructing Personality Maps, Mapping Personality Constructs: Multidimensional Scaling Recovers the Big Five Factors from Internal and External Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bimler ◽  
John Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Semantic Judgment ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Trait Attribution ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Optimal Set

This report examines the structure of similarities underlying the lexicon of personality-trait description, when “similarity” is defined and measured in terms of (a) semantic judgment and (b) covariance in actual use. A lexicon of 60 trait adjectives was examined, using several procedures for collecting semantic judgments. Similarity data of both kinds were analyzed with multidimensional scaling (MDS) to provide a parsimonious representation of underlying structure. The convergence between semantic judgments and covariance within trait-attribution data was substantial; both kinds of data evinced the same structure when collected for subsets of adjectives. Canonical correlation was employed to find the number of dimensions shared across MDS solutions. Interpretation of the results was facilitated by individual-differences MDS, which can select an optimal set of underlying dimensions, and at the same time accommodate the differences between data sets that arise when data-collection procedures differ in the relative emphasis they place upon those dimensions. We interpret the small number and shared nature of the dimensions by arguing that the lexicon's structure relates to trait perception rather than personality structure per se, even when probed with trait-attribution covariance.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Low-Value Cancer Screenings in the Veterans Health Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e2130581
Author(s):  
Linnaea Schuttner ◽  
Bjarni Haraldsson ◽  
Charles Maynard ◽  
Christian D. Helfrich ◽  
Ashok Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cancer Screenings

scholarly journals La Identificación Del Conocimiento Y Actitudes Del Profesorado Hacia Inclusión De Los Alumnos Con Necesidades Educativas Especiales

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
David Pérez-Jorge ◽  
Olga María Alegre de la Rosa ◽  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Yolanda Márquez-Domínguez ◽  
Milagros de la Rosa Hormiga
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Different Levels

This article describes the development and evaluation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes of teachers towards inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN). A questionnaire on attitudes of teachers towards these students was designed paying attention to three different levels: knowledge and attitude towards disability, organization of the educational response created to help students with SEN, and professional skills to adequately respond to the SEN students. The suitability of the instrument was assessed takng into account its content validity, reliability and underlying structure. Six different key dimensions, related to the investigations that have been carried out so far, were analyzed. These dimensions justified, from their theoretical point of view, their value.

Development and Validation of a Scale of Automation-Induced “Complacency”

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indramani L. Singh ◽  
Robert Molloy ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Drexel University ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Development And Validation

In the present studies, a scale was developed for measuring attitudes toward automation technology that reflect a potential for complacency. In the first, developmental study, a 20-item questionnaire consisting of statements concerning various aspects of automation was administered to 139 undergraduates at Catholic University. Factor analysis of the complacency potential rating scale (CPRS) revealed five independent factors, namely: general, confidence- reliance-, trust-, and safety-related complacency. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the five factors and the scale as a whole were found to be high, and the scales revealed satisfactory test-retest reliabilities. The pattern of correlations among CPRS score, age, gender, computer use, and computer experience were consistent with previous studies examining attitudes toward microcomputer usage (Igbaria and Parasuraman, 1991). In the second, validation study, the 20-item CPRS was cross-validated on a sample of 175 undergraduate students at Drexel University. Factor analysis similarly revealed five factors with high alphas. The results indicate that the potential for complacency can be evaluated by assessing attitudes towards automation technology.

scholarly journals The Socio-economic Determinants of Antenatal Health Care Utilization in Bangladesh: Evidence from Multivariate Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi ◽  
Shamal Chandra Karmaker
Keyword(s):  
Care Utilization ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Care Seeking Behaviour

The results presented in this study examined factors associated with antenatal care seeking behaviour using the data of BDHS-2007. Multivariate techniques were applied to identify significant determinant of ANC utilization by women in Bangladesh. Five factors have been determined by using factor analyses and these factors are considered as underlying reasons behind ANC seeking behaviour. One of these factors is biological and the remaining ones are socio-economical. Linear discriminant analysis explained the competence of factors identified in this study. These five factors are considered accurate for approximately 70 percent of the observations. It is expected that the results presented in this study will help to formulate better policies and program interventions to enhance the ANC seeking behaviour of women in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v63i1.21762 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 63(1): 19-23, 2015 (January)

Prenatal Environment and Perinatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Ou ◽  
Yidong Shen ◽  
Yamin Li ◽  
Guanglei Xu ◽  
Huaqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Five Factors

Background: Both genetic and epidemiological studies have indicated that environmental factors play an essential role in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted this study to identify maternal exposure to environmental factors, in particular during the fetal development or perinatal period, associated with ASD. Methods: Two independent samples of children with ASD and typical developed (TD) were from distinct regions in China. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ASD in each sample and then in the combined sample. Results: Five factors were consistently associated with ASD in both samples. In the combined sample, maternal chemical exposure (odds ratio [OR] =4.50; 95% CI: 2.38-8.52), use of medication (OR = 3.19; 95% CI: 2.19-4.65), maternal infection (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.99-3.61), threatened abortion (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.61-3.50), and induced abortion before having the child (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.65-2.60) showed strong associations with ASD; moreover, five factors explained 10-15% of the variation in the risk of ASD. A significant interaction between maternal infection and the use of medication during pregnancy was consistently detected in both independent and combined samples together. Conclusion: Two novel risk factors of maternal chemical exposure and induced abortion may have important implications for understanding the etiology of ASD, particularly in China. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings, and necessary interventions are recommended to reduce the risk of ASD. KEYWORDS Autism spectrum disorder, chemical exposure, induced abortion, maternal infection

Measurement of Parenting Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Related to Discussions About Sex

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen DiIorio ◽  
William N. Dudley ◽  
Dongqing T. Wang ◽  
Jill Wasserman ◽  
Michelle Eichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of two scales—one to measure the self-efficacy of parents to discuss sexual health issues with their adolescents and the other to measure parents’ outcome expectancy associated with such discussions. Understanding how parents feel about their confidence in talking with their children about important sexual health issues and the outcomes they expect as a result of such discussions can be useful in guiding both the development and refinement of educational programs to promote parent-child discussions. The responses of 491 mothers who participated in an HIV prevention intervention with their adolescents were used for the present analysis. Mothers ranged in age from 25 to 68 years with a mean of 37.9 years (SD = 6.9). Of mother participants, 33% were married, 96.7% were African American, and 89.2% had completed high school. Their adolescents ranged in age from 11 to 14 years, and 61.5% were male. Assessment of reliability for both scales showed that internal consistency reliability was acceptable for the total scales as well as three of the five subscales. With the exception of one item on the outcome expectancy scale, the inter-item correlations, the mean inter-item correlations, and the item-to-total correlations meet the standard criteria for scale development for both scales. Factor analysis was used to identify the underlying structure of the scales, and hypothesis testing was used to assess construct validity. The results of these analyses provide support for the construct validity of the scales.

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