scholarly journals Prevalence of Traumatic Experiences in South Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3959
Author(s):  
Sunah Kim ◽  
Go-Un Kim ◽  
Suin Park
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Gender And Age

Although a variety of traumatic experiences can impact health over the lifetime, little is known about the prevalence of such experiences in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequencies of traumatic experiences and their differences by gender and age. South Korean adults (N = 3000) aged 19–65 years completed a self-report survey assessing childhood and adulthood trauma and sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 79.5% of the participants reported at least one traumatic experience in adulthood. Unemployment or job loss and academic or work difficulties were commonly reported. The most distressing adulthood trauma was the unexpected death of a loved one, followed by diseases in loved ones. Childhood trauma was higher in males than in females. In males, childhood trauma was higher at a younger age, but in females, it was higher at an older age. Adulthood trauma was higher in females than in males and at older ages for both males and females. The current findings demonstrate the differences in traumatic experiences by gender and age in the South Korean general population. These results could help improve assessment of and targeted intervention for psychological trauma through trauma-informed strategies in public health practice.

Childhood trauma moderates morphometric associations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: implications for pathological personality traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure early in development can lead to detrimental alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–amygdala circuit. However, the majority of this research uses functional neuroimaging methods, and thus the extent to which childhood trauma corresponds to morphometric alterations in this limbic-cortical network has not yet been investigated. This study had two primary objectives: (i) to test whether anatomical associations between OFC–amygdala differed between adults as a function of exposure to chronic childhood assaultive trauma and (ii) to test how these environment-by-neurobiological effects relate to pathological personality traits. Methods Participants were 137 ethnically diverse adults (48.1% female) recruited from the community who completed a clinical diagnostic interview, a self-report measure of pathological personality traits, and anatomical MRI scans. Results Findings revealed that childhood trauma moderated bilateral OFC–amygdala volumetric associations. Specifically, adults with childhood trauma exposure showed a positive association between medial OFC volume and amygdalar volume, whereas adults with no childhood exposure showed the negative OFC–amygdala structural association observed in prior research with healthy samples. Examination of the translational relevance of trauma-related alterations in OFC–amygdala volumetric associations for disordered personality traits revealed that trauma exposure moderated the association of OFC volume with antagonistic and disinhibited phenotypes, traits characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders. Conclusions The OFC–amygdala circuit is a potential anatomical pathway through which early traumatic experiences perpetuate emotional dysregulation into adulthood and confer risk for personality pathology. Results provide novel evidence of divergent neuroanatomical pathways to similar personality phenotypes depending on early trauma exposure.

FC01-02 - Homelessness and experiences of psychological trauma in the western world: A research review and a qualitative study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1811-1811
Author(s):  
E.C. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Western World ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Structured Interviews

Over the last forty years, and particularly within the last decade, homelessness is recognised as a multifaceted problem. Homelessness is associated with poverty, because the ability to access employment is limited by the lack of a stable address. Secondly, homeless people often experience severe difficulties with housing related services, health services and education. These problems are often sustained or exacerbated by, e.g., poor physical and mental health and the need to support alcohol or drug dependencies. What role does traumatic events, in particular childhood trauma and abuse, have in the lives of the homeless? The negative effects of psychological trauma on psychosocial functioning and wellbeing in the general population are well documented; a quick review of the research on homelessness and trauma suggested that more work is needed.The objectives of this paper are to review research on homelessness and experiences of psychological trauma and evidence from a sample of single homeless adults.The aim of this paper is two-fold: to provide a systematic review of studies on the relationship between childhood trauma and homelessness and to present findings from a qualitative study of adult people who are homeless in London and Nottingham, UK.The systematic review examines research published in the Western world, 1990 - July 2010. The qualitative study collected data through semi-structured interviews with 103 single people, aged 18–69 years.A summary of the results from the review and qualitative study and guidance for further research on the relationships between traumatic experiences and homelessness will be provided.

scholarly journals The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, and cannabis use on the risk of psychosis in nonclinical young adults in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Kamila Kotowicz ◽  
Renata Pionke ◽  
Martyna Krężołek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background. Childhood traumatic events are risk factors for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the mechanisms explaining how trauma may contribute to the development of PLEs are not fully understood. In our study, we investigated whether cannabis use and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early trauma and PLEs. Methods. A total sample of 6,772 young adults (age 26.6 ± 4.7, 2,181 male and 3,433 female) was recruited from the general population to participate in an online survey. We excluded 1,158 individuals due to a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of any mental disorder. The online survey included selected items from the following questionnaires: Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC, 3 items), Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, 3 items), Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ, 10 items), Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18, 9 items), and Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). Mediation analyses were performed with respect to different categories of traumatic experiences (emotional, physical and sexual abuse as well as emotional neglect). Results. Our results showed significant associations of any time of childhood trauma with higher scores of cannabis use (CPQ), cognitive biases (DACOBS), and PLEs (PQ-16) (p < 0.001). We found a direct effect of childhood trauma on PLEs as well as significant indirect effect mediated through cannabis use and cognitive biases. All models tested for the effects of specific childhood adversities revealed similar results. The percentage of variance in PQ-16 scores explained by serial mediation models varied between 32.8 and 34.2% depending on childhood trauma category. Conclusion. Cannabis use and cognitive biases play an important mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic events and the development of PLEs in a nonclinical young adult population.

scholarly journals Cyber Bullying and Traumatic Experiences: The Impact on Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Agathi Stathopoulou ◽  
Zoe Karabatzaki ◽  
Dionisis Loukeris ◽  
Panagiotis Mantas ◽  
Georgia Kokkalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract"><em>The aim of our research is to investigate the effects of traumatic experiences that teens with learning disorders had to go through. The sample of our study is consisted of 160 high school students who were referred in a web line evaluation form, due to low school performance. The research tool that was used was ACHENBACH’s self-report questionnaire for children and teenagers and more specifically the subscales for anxiety-depression and depression-withdrawal. Frequencies, percentages of responses and means have been calculated. An analysis of variance (one way anova) to assess the differences in the averages of students' responses to the variable "experiencing a traumatic event" was also performed. The results showed that there are significant differences in the level of statistical significance p &lt;0,01 between the means of students who say they have experienced a traumatic event and those who report that they haven’t. Particularly decisive traumatic experience for the students' mentality seems to be the in-school violence received by students and the death of a loved one. Application features that have to do with the cyber bulling are also presented briefly. </em></p>

Performance on the Multisource Interference Task Moderates the Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Darnell ◽  
David P. Valentiner
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
The Relationship

We examined performance on the Multisource Interference Task (MSIT) as a moderator of the relationship between traumatic experience and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity. A college sample ( N = 108) completed the MSIT, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), and self-report questionnaires. Both MSIT and WCST performance were examined in moderation models to demonstrate the specificity of MSIT performance as a moderator. Absolute processing speed during the MSIT significantly moderated the relationship between number of traumatic experiences and PTSS severity. Moderation was not demonstrated for WCST performance, relative processing speed during the MSIT, or absolute or relative MSIT error rates. Implications for research and practical applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Its Relation to Chronic Depression in Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Negele ◽  
Johannes Kaufhold ◽  
Lisa Kallenbach ◽  
Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Multiple Exposures

There is a large consensus indicating that childhood trauma is significantly involved in the development of depression. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of retrospectively recalled childhood trauma in chronically depressed patients and to investigate a more specific relationship between trauma type and depression. We further asked for the influence of multiple experiences of childhood trauma on the vulnerability to a chronic course of depression in adulthood. 349 chronically depressed patients of the German LAC Depression Study completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, a self-report measure of traumatic experiences in childhood. 75.6% of the chronically depressed patients reported clinically significant histories of childhood trauma. 37% of the chronically depressed patients reported multiple childhood traumatization. Experiences of multiple trauma also led to significantly more severe depressive symptoms. Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggested that childhood emotional abuse and sexual abuse were significantly associated with a higher symptom severity in chronically depressed adults. Yet, expanding the regression model for multiple exposures showed that multiplicity was the only remaining significant predictor for symptom severity in chronically depressed patients. Clinical implications suggest a precise assessment of childhood trauma in chronically depressed patients with a focus on emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and multiple exposures to childhood trauma. This trial is registered with registration numberISRCTN91956346.

Relationship of Severity of ADHD Symptoms with the Presence of Psychological Trauma While Controlling the Effect of Impulsivity in a Sample of University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S134-S134
Author(s):  
E. Dalbudak ◽  
C. Evren ◽  
B. Evren ◽  
S. Ozen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Relationship Of

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of severity of ADHD symptoms with the presence of psychological trauma while controlling the effect of impulsivity in a sample of university students.MethodParticipants included 321 volunteered university students. Participants were evaluated with the Short Form Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).ResultsAge and gender did not differed between those with the history of psychological trauma (n = 271, 84.4%) and those without (n = 50, 15.6%). BIS-11-SF and subscale scores did not differ between groups, other than motor impulsivity, which was higher among those with the history of psychological trauma. ASRS score, inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores were higher among those with the history of psychological trauma than those without. Severity of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattentiveness score, predicted the presence of psychological trauma, together with the severity of motor and attentional impulsivities in a logistic regression model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms may be related with the presence of psychological trauma, while severity of motor and attentional impulsivities may have an effect on this relationship among young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals WWII and XXth Century Wars in the Collective Memory of different generations of Russians: visual methods research

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16012
Author(s):  
Alexander Rikel ◽  
Inna Bovina ◽  
Natalia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Media Effect ◽  
World War ◽  
Object Of Study

The collective memory about wars is an object of study, as well as the formation and upbringing within the educational process. The category of generation, collective memory, and psychological trauma are considered as central in the framework of the study described here. It is assumed that wars are significant for the formation of psycho-traumatic experience of a generation. Using visual methods, in which people were asked using self-report to evaluate their feelings and emotions when looking at photographs of various wars of the twentieth century, the hypothesis was tested that the role of the Second World War is the most traumatic compared to other wars due to its role, proximity in time and media effect. The conclusions are drawn about the absence of fundamental differences in the memory of World War II by all generations of Russians (N = 548 people) in all emotional and traumatic parameters, except for the parameter of feeling of pride in the results of the war.

The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, psychotic-like experiences and depression and their additive impact on predicting lifetime suicidal behavior in young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Renata Pionke ◽  
Martyna Krężołek ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundChildhood trauma, psychosis risk, cognition, and depression have been identified as important risk markers for suicidal behaviors. However, little is known about the interplay between these distal and proximal markers in influencing the risk of suicide. We aim to investigate the interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depression in predicting suicidal behaviors in a non-clinical sample of young adults.MethodsIn total, 3495 young adults were recruited to an online computer-assisted web interview. We used the Prodromal Questionnaire to assess PLEs. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Traumatic Experience Checklist (three items) and Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, three items). Cognitive biases were assessed with a short version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale. Suicidality, psychiatric diagnoses, and substance use were screened with a self-report questionnaire.ResultsChildhood trauma, as well as PLEs, was associated with an approximately five-fold increased risk of suicidal thoughts and plans as well as suicide attempts. Participants with depression were six times more likely to endorse suicidal behaviors. Path analysis revealed that PLEs, depression and cognitive biases are significant mediators of the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviors. The model explained 44.6% of the variance in lifetime suicidality.ConclusionsCognitive biases, PLEs, and depression partially mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behaviors. The interplay between distal and proximal markers should be recognized and become part of clinical screening and therapeutic strategies for preventing risk of suicidality.

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