scholarly journals The Association between Noise Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Ta-Chien Chan ◽  
Ying-Jhen Huang ◽  
Wen-Chi Pan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Using Data

Metabolic syndrome is becoming more common worldwide. Studies suggest environmental pollution, including traffic noise, might be linked with metabolic syndrome. This study sought to evaluate how noise exposure is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome and its components in Taiwan. Using data from a cohort of 42,509 participants and Cox proportional hazards regression models, the effects of noise exposure on metabolic syndrome and its components were quantified. After adjustment for covariates (age, gender, body mass index, and physical activity), the hazard ratio for metabolic syndrome was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04–1.22) for medium noise exposure and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.13–1.36) for high noise exposure. Noise exposure was also positively associated with all of metabolic syndrome’s components. This finding suggests noise exposure might contribute to metabolic syndrome and its components. Policies aiming to reduce noise pollution might reduce the risks of metabolic syndrome and its components.

scholarly journals Low hemoglobin levels and an increased risk of psoriasis in patients with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Hyung Lee ◽  
Miri Kim ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

AbstractChronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), are frequently accompanied by various comorbidities, including anemia, which is considered a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease prevalent in patients with chronic disease. Psoriasis risk in patients with CKD, however, especially in patients with low hemoglobin levels, has never been investigated. In this study, we investigated associations between low hemoglobin levels and psoriasis in patients with CKD using data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. During a mean follow-up period of 6.16 ± 1.02 years, psoriasis was recorded in 13,803 patients with CKD (2.39% of CKD patients). The cumulative incidence of psoriasis was significantly higher in CKD patients with anemia (hemoglobin levels < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women) than those without. In multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, the risk of psoriasis was significantly higher in anemic CKD patients than nonanemic CKD patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.136, 95% CI 1.089–1.185, p < 0.001). Additionally, we noted that the incidence of psoriasis decreased with increasing hemoglobin levels in CKD patients (HR 0.953, 95% CI 0.942–0.965, p < 0.001). Altogether, our findings indicate that low hemoglobin levels are significantly related to psoriasis risk in patients with CKD. Further study is required to elucidate whether low hemoglobin levels have an impact on the development of psoriasis or are merely a surrogate marker of psoriasis risk in patients with CKD.

scholarly journals Loneliness, Social Isolation and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 925-925
Author(s):  
Timothy Barnes ◽  
Rifky Tkatch ◽  
Manik Ahuja ◽  
Laurie Albright ◽  
James Schaeffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Social ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Abstract As distinct constructs, loneliness and social isolation have both been associated with mortality in older adults. Many studies have examined each construct separately; however, few have examined their impact together, especially within the U.S. Using data from a large sample of U.S. adults age 65+ (N=7,982), the effect of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause mortality was examined considering their separate and joint effects. Measures were based on the UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale and the Social Network Index (SNI). Loneliness was categorized as: Severe, moderate, or no loneliness. Social isolation (defined by the SNI) was categorized as: Limited, medium, or diverse social networks (SN). Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed. Among participants, there were 328 deaths after data collection (4.1%). In separate, adjusted models, loneliness (severe, HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.43-2.41 and moderate, HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.16-1.98) and social isolation (limited SN, HR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.72-3.27 and moderate SN, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.12-2.14) were both associated with mortality. Modeled together, loneliness (severe, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18-2.04 and moderate, HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.07-1.83) and social isolation (limited SN, HR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.49-2.89 and moderate SN, HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.05-2.02) both remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality with limited SN as the stronger indicator. Results demonstrate that both loneliness and social isolation contribute to greater risk of mortality among older adults. Furthermore, individuals with limited SN are at greatest risk. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, loneliness and social isolation should be targeted safely in efforts to reduce mortality risk among older adults.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of erector spinae muscles and prognosis in elderly patients with pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yoshikawa ◽  
Kosaku Komiya ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Naoko Fujita ◽  
Hiroaki Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Survivor Group

AbstractErector spinae muscle (ESM) size has been reported as a predictor of prognosis in patients with some respiratory diseases. This study aimed to assess the association of ESM size on all-cause in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with pneumonia. We retrospectively included patients (age: ≥ 65 years) admitted to hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 for community-acquired pneumonia who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) on admission. The cross-sectional area of the ESM (ESMcsa) was measured on a single-slice CT image at the end of the 12th thoracic vertebra and adjusted by body surface area (BSA). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the influence of ESMcsa/BSA on in-hospital mortality. Among 736 patients who were admitted for pneumonia, 702 patients (95%) underwent chest CT. Of those, 689 patients (98%) for whom height and weight were measured to calculate BSA were included in this study. Patients in the non-survivor group were significantly older, had a greater frequency of respiratory failure, loss of consciousness, lower body mass index, hemoglobin, albumin, and ESMcsa/BSA. Multivariate analysis showed that a lower ESMcsa/BSA independently predicted in-hospital mortality after adjusting for these variables. In elderly patients with pneumonia, quantification of ESMcsa/BSA may be associated with in-hospital mortality.

Effect of HPV Status on Survival of Oropharynx Cancer with Distant Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Kaplon ◽  
Thomas J. Galloway ◽  
Mihir K. Bhayani ◽  
Jeffrey C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is known to have improved survival over HPV-negative disease. However, it is largely unknown whether HPV status similarly affects survival in patients presenting with distant metastatic disease. We queried the National Cancer Database for OPSCC with distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models controlling for relevant demographics were used to evaluate overall survival. In total, 768 OPSCC cases were available for analysis with HPV and survival data: 50% of cases were HPV negative and 50% were HPV positive. The 1- and 2-year survival for HPV-negative disease was 49% and 27%, respectively, as compared with 67% and 42% in the HPV-positive cohort. HPV positivity was associated with improved median survival in treated and untreated patients. Age, comorbidities, and HPV status were predictive of improved survival on multivariate analysis. HPV-positive OPSCC has improved survival in the setting of distant metastatic presentation as compared with HPV-negative disease and shows greater responsiveness to treatment.

The association between lymphopenia and serious infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Sujith Subesinghe ◽  
Alexander Kleymann ◽  
Andrew Ian Rutherford ◽  
Katie Bechman ◽  
Sam Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To investigate the relationship between occurrence of serious infection (SI) and lymphocyte counts in patients with RA using data from a single centre. Methods We used routinely captured data from a single tertiary rheumatology centre to explore the relationship between lymphopenia and SI risk. Adult RA patients were included over a 5-year follow-up period. Admissions due to confirmed SI were considered. SI rate with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. The association between SI with baseline lymphocyte counts, time-averaged lymphocyte counts throughout all follow-up, and a nadir lymphocyte count was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The relationship between lymphopenia over time and SI was analysed using a mixed-effect model of lymphocyte counts prior to SI. Results This analysis included 1095 patients with 205 SIs during 2016 person-years of follow-up. The SI rate was 4.61/100 patient-years (95% CI: 3.76, 5.65). Compared with patients with nadir lymphocyte counts &gt;1.5 × 109 cells/l, nadir lymphopenia &lt;1 × 109 cells/l was significantly associated with higher SI risk (HR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.59, 6.76), increasing to HR 8.08 (95% CI: 3.74, 17.44) in patients with lymphopenia &lt;0.5 × 109 cells/l. Lymphocyte counts were observed to be reduced in the 30-day period prior to SI. Conclusion Lymphocyte counts below &lt;1.0 × 109 cells/l were associated with higher SI risk in RA patients; the strongest association between lymphopenia and SI was observed when lymphocyte counts were below &lt;0.5 × 109 cells/l. Lymphopenia may be used as a measure to stratify patients at risk of SI.

The effect of language skills on dementia in a Swedish longitudinal cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Ljungberg ◽  
Patrik Hansson ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
E4 Allele ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Recent findings indicate that bilingualism delay the onset of dementia. Using data from the Betula longitudinal cohort study on memory, health and aging (www.betula.su.se) the issue of a possible protective effect of bilingualism was addressed. Monolingual (n = 736) and bilingual (n = 82) participants (≥ 60 years) without dementia at inclusion were followed for incident dementia over a time-period up to 10 years. In total, 112 participants developed dementia. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, and presence/absence of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, with dementia outcome as the dependent variable. Results showed no delayed onset of dementia in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. However, because of the findings from a study using participants from the same population showing beneficial longitudinal effects of bilingualism on episodic memory; we argue that our results may depend on the frequency of use of the second language after retirement.

Association of anxiety and depression concerns with overall levels of patient reported distress during radiotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Robin Landy ◽  
Dale Alan Whitaker ◽  
Niveditha Jagadesh ◽  
Gerald Strong ◽  
Nicolette Chimato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Palliative Patients

182 Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of three different measures of anxiety and depression with patient reported distress (PRD) level and survival after radiotherapy (RT). Methods: 518 patients who underwent RT between 2012 and 2016 were included in this retrospective study. PRD was assessed at the time of RT using the NCCN thermometer and a 30 question survey of distress related items. PRD and clinical and demographic data was retrospectively collected and analyzed. The three measures this study focused on that assessed patient anxiety and depression involved asking patients about their level of concern regarding feeling down, regarding loss of interest, and regarding feeling nervous. Associations between baseline patient characteristics and survival after start of RT were evaluated using single variable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Associations of level of concern regarding patient anxiety/depression with survival after RT were evaluated using single variable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Overall, PRD level and concern regarding anxiety/depression were positively correlated (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant association between level of concern regarding feeling down and palliative patients (p = 0.03). There was also a significant association between level of concern regarding loss of interest and palliative patients (p = 0.03), with level of concern highest for thorax, breast, and head and neck. There was also a significant different between level of concern regarding feeling nervous and gender (p = 0.05). There was not a significant difference between any of the three measures and survival after RT (all p ≥ 0.21). Conclusions: Anxiety and depression in patients receiving palliative and curative RT was associated with overall distress. Baseline screening of PRD may identify patients who would benefit from intervention to address the causes of their underlying anxiety and depression.

Association between pneumoconiosis and pulmonary emboli

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (05) ◽  
pp. 952-957
Author(s):  
Chih-Hao Shen ◽  
Hsuan-Ju Chen ◽  
Te-Yu Lin ◽  
Wen-Yen Huang ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Insurance Database

SummaryStudies on the association between pneumoconiosis and deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) are few. This study was based on data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2006, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2011. We identified 3719 pneumoconiosis patients and 14876 non-pneumoconiosis patients who were selected by frequency matched based on sex, age, and the index year. We analysed the risks of DVT and PE by using Cox proportional hazards regression models by including sex, age, and CCI score. The risk of developing PE was 1.90-fold in the patients with pneumoconiosis compared with the comparison cohort after adjustments for age, sex, and CCI score. By contrast, we did not observe significant effect of pneumoconiosis on DVT. However, the cumulative incidence curves for DVT were similar in the pneumoconiosis patients and non-pneumoconiosis patients. The multiplicative increased risks of PE were significant in patients with pneumoconiosis and CCI score of one and more. In conclusion, physicians should include pneumoconiosis in evaluating pulmonary embolism risk.

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