scholarly journals Prediction Model for Dry Eye Syndrome Incidence Rate Using Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors in South Korea: Analysis of Sub-Region Deviations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4969
Author(s):  
Jong-Sang Youn ◽  
Jeong-Won Seo ◽  
Wonjun Park ◽  
SeJoon Park ◽  
Ki-Joon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Population Rate

Here, we develop a dry eye syndrome (DES) incidence rate prediction model using air pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO), meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, and wind speed), population rate, and clinical data for South Korea. The prediction model is well fitted to the incidence rate (R2 = 0.9443 and 0.9388, p < 2.2 × 10−16). To analyze regional deviations, we classify outpatient data, air pollutant, and meteorological factors in 16 administrative districts (seven metropolitan areas and nine states). Our results confirm NO2 and relative humidity are the factors impacting regional deviations in the prediction model.

scholarly journals Experience in the Cationorm® use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients after adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Vitaly O Sokolov ◽  
Natalya V Morozova ◽  
Galina V Polovinkina ◽  
Mariya L Borisova ◽  
Inna N Zvontsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Adenoviral Infection ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

The dry eye syndrome ranges among widespread and persisting ophthalmic diseases. It is also called a disease of civilization. Among the causes particularly often leading to the dry eye syndrome adenoviral infection has to be listed. Over the last years, in Saint Petersburg, an increasing incidence rate of the epidemic adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is noted, which is proceeding in severe membranous and infiltrative forms, involving the cornea. Occurring therewith secondary dry eye syndrome demands using effective medications. In the article, the experience in Cationorm® (Santen, Japan) clinical use for secondary dry eye syndrome treatment is disclosed. (For citation: Sokolov VO, Morozova NV, Polovinkina GV, et al. Experience in the Cationorm® use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients after adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology Journal. 2017;10(3):61-66. doi: 10.17816/OV10361-66).

scholarly journals Associations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors With COVID-19 Transmission in 31 Chinese Provinces: A Time Series Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110602
Author(s):  
Han Cao ◽  
Bingxiao Li ◽  
Tianlun Gu ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Kai Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations

Evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission is mixed. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 confirmed cases during the outbreak period throughout China. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in China from January 25 to February 29, 2020, (36 days) were extracted from authoritative electronic databases. The associations were estimated for a single-day lag as well as moving averages lag using generalized additive mixed models. Region-specific analyses and meta-analysis were conducted in 5 selected regions from the north to south of China with diverse air pollution levels and weather conditions and sufficient sample size. Nonlinear concentration–response analyses were performed. An increase of each interquartile range in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at lag4 corresponded to 1.40 (1.37–1.43), 1.35 (1.32–1.37), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 1.28 (1.27–1.29), and 1.26 (1.24–1.28) ORs of daily new cases, respectively. For 1°C, 1%, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, the ORs were 0.97 (0.97–0.98), 0.96 (0.96–0.97), and 0.94 (0.92–0.95), respectively. The estimates of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and all meteorological factors remained significantly after meta-analysis for the five selected regions. The concentration–response relationships showed that higher concentrations of air pollutants and lower meteorological factors were associated with daily new cases increasing. Higher air pollutant concentrations and lower temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity may favor COVID-19 transmission. Controlling ambient air pollution, especially for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may be an important component of reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, as winter months are arriving in China, the meteorological factors may play a negative role in prevention. Therefore, it is significant to implement the public health control measures persistently in case another possible pandemic.

scholarly journals Topical Application of Liriope platyphylla Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Jeong Song ◽  
Soo-Wang Hyun ◽  
Tae Gu Lee ◽  
Bongkyun Park ◽  
Kyuhyung Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Ocular System

Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Liriope platyphylla has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea. However, the effects of Liriope platyphylla extract (LPE) on PM-induced ocular damage have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo protective effect of LPE against PM-induced DES in rats. Topical administration of LPE attenuated the PM-induced decrease in tear volume and reduced corneal epithelial irregularity and damage. LPE also protected against PM-induced disruption of the corneal mucin-4 layer and reduction in the conjunctival goblet cell density. These findings suggest that LPE has protective effects against PM-induced DES.

scholarly journals Variation-Oriented Data Filtering for Improvement in Model Complexity of Air Pollutant Prediction Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Man Vong ◽  
Weng Fai Ip ◽  
Pak Kin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Model Size

Accurate prediction models for air pollutants are crucial for forecast and health alarm to local inhabitants. In recent literature,discrete wavelet transform(DWT) was employed to decompose a series of air pollutant levels, followed by modeling usingsupport vector machine(SVM). This combination of DWT and SVM was reported to produce a more accurate prediction model for air pollutants by investigating different levels of frequency bands. However, DWT has a significant demand in model complexity, namely, the training time and the model size of the prediction model. In this paper, a new method calledvariation-oriented filtering(VF) is proposed to remove the data with low variation, which can be considered asnoiseto a prediction model. By VF, the noise and the size of the series of air pollutant levels can be reduced simultaneously and hence so are the training time and model size. The SO2(sulfur dioxide) level in Macau was selected as a test case. Experimental results show that VF can effectively and efficiently reduce the model complexity with improvement in predictive accuracy.

scholarly journals Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongeun Hwang ◽  
Jinhee Kwon ◽  
Hahn Yi ◽  
Hyun-Jin Bae ◽  
Miso Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. Methods A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). Results For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations. Conclusion Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ambient Air Pollutant Exposure and Risk of Recurrent Headache in Children: A 12-Year Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9140
Author(s):  
Syuan-Yu Hong ◽  
Lei Wan ◽  
Hui-Ju Lin ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chang-Ching Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Research Database

Although studies have suggested environmental factors to be triggers of headache, the contribution of long-term air pollution exposure to recurrent headaches is poorly understood. Hence, we executed this nationwide cohort study to investigate associations between levels of ambient air pollutants and risks of recurrent headaches in children in Taiwan from 2000 to 2012. We used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and linked them to the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database. Overall, 218,008 children aged < 18 were identified from 1 January 2000, and then followed until they were diagnosed by a physician for ≥3 times with recurrent headaches or until 31 December 2012. We categorized the annual average concentration of each air pollutant (fine particulate matter, total hydrocarbon, methane, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into quartiles (Q1–Q4). We measured the incidence rate, hazard ratios (HRs), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for recurrent headaches. stratified by the quartiles. A total of 28,037 children (12.9%) were identified with recurrent headaches. The incidence rate and adjusted HR for recurrent headaches increased with higher-level exposure of air pollutants, except sulfur dioxide. We herein demonstrate that long-term ambient air pollutant exposure might be a risk factor for childhood recurrent headaches.

scholarly journals Air pollutant particulate matter 2.5 induces dry eye syndrome in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Tan ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
Anhua Wu ◽  
Dong-Yi Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5

scholarly journals OP0237 EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL AIR POLLUTANTS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 145.3-145
Author(s):  
K. S. K. MA ◽  
L. T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Primary Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Background:Recent studies suggest that air pollution may play a role in autoimmune diseases. However, few of them report the correlation between air pollution and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Objectives:We sought to determine whether people exposed to environmental fine particulate of air pollution have a higher risk of developing pSS.Methods:We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan’s population, using the international Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to categorize each disease diagnosis. Air pollution data on Nitric oxide (NO), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) were obtained from the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database (TAQMD), where daily air pollution data from community-based monitoring sites (78 sites since 1993) was available on a real-time basis. We followed up from January 1st, 1998 to the endpoint of SS diagnosis or to December 31, 2011.The daily average air pollutant concentrations were divided into 4 quartile-based groups (Q1-Q4). The incidence rate, hazard ratios (HRs), as well as 95% confidence intervals for pSS, were stratified by the quartiles of air pollutant concentration, and calculated with a Cox proportional regression model. Finally, Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) was conducted to identify activated pathways among air way epithelial cells exposed to airborne coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles, and parotid gland tissues from pSS patients using Z-score visualization.Results:A total of 200 patients were diagnosed with SS. The mean age of patients with pSS was 53.1 years. The incidence of pSS was 0.11%. With the increase in exposure concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide (from Q1 to Q4), the incidence rate for pSS of per 1000 person-years increased from 0.7 to 1.19, from 0.93 to 2.14, and from 0.57 to 1.06, respectively. Moreover, compared with Q1, the adjusted HR in Q4 after adjusting for age, gender, monthly income and urbanization levels increased to 1.86, 2.21 and 2.04, respectively. IPA analyses suggested that the underlying cellular mechanisms involved up-regulation of chronic inflammatory pathways including fibrosis signaling pathway.Conclusion:Exposure to air pollutants, specifically NO, CH4, and CO, was associated with SS development, mostly driven by fibrotic signaling cascades occurred during chronic inflammation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongeun Hwang ◽  
Jinhee Kwon ◽  
Hahn Yi ◽  
Hyun-Jin Bae ◽  
Miso Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background: The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. Methods: A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). Results: For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations.Conclusion: Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.

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