scholarly journals First-Year Antibiotics Exposure in Relation to Childhood Asthma, Allergies, and Airway Illnesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Chanjuan Sun ◽  
Jialing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Household Environment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

Background: Associations of early antibiotics exposures with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses are debated. Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations of first-year antibiotics exposure with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschoolers in Shanghai, China during 2011–2012. A questionnaire regarding household environment and lifestyles and childhood health outcomes was reported by the child’s parents. Results: In total, 13,335 questionnaires (response rate: 85.3%) were analyzed and 3049 (24.1%) children had first-year antibiotics exposure. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, first-year antibiotics exposure had significant associations with the higher odds of lifetime-ever pneumonia (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 2.15, 1.95–2.37), croup (1.46, 1.24–1.73), wheeze (1.44, 1.30–1.60), asthma (1.38, 1.19–1.61), food allergy (1.29, 1.13–1.46), and allergic rhinitis (1.23, 1.07–1.41), and as well as current (one year before the survey) common cold (≥3 times) (1.38, 1.25–1.52), dry cough (1.27, 1.13–1.42), atopic dermatitis (1.25, 1.09–1.43), wheeze (1.23, 1.10–1.38), and rhinitis symptoms (1.15, 1.04–1.26). These associations were different in children with different individual characteristics (age, sex, family history of atopy, and district) and other early exposures (breastfeeding, home decoration, pet-keeping, and environmental tobacco smoke). Conclusions: Our results indicate that first-year antibiotics exposure could be a strong risk factor for childhood pneumonia, asthma, allergies, and their related symptoms. The individual characteristics and other early exposures may modify effects of early antibiotic exposure on childhood allergies and airway illnesses.

scholarly journals Efectos ergonómicos inmediatos de un apoyo isquiático en la sedestación. Herramienta preventiva para la información en salud = Immediate ergonomic effects of an ischial support in the sitting position. Preventive tool for health information

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Luis Ceballos-Laita ◽  
Teresa Mingo-Gómez ◽  
Sandra García-Lázaro ◽  
Sandra Jiménez-del Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lumbar Flexion ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Individual

Resumen: Introducción: La información sobre la correcta ergonomía se ha incrementado para disminuir la prevalencia de síntomas lumbares y/o cervicales en la población. Sin embargo, el acondicionamiento y el mobiliario de las instituciones universitarias no se adecuan a las características individuales de los sujetos, lo cual dificulta el proceso. Objetivo: analizar los cambios en la postura, al incorporar un apoyo isquiático en sujetos jóvenes. Material: Estudio transversal comparativo sobre 76 sujetos universitarios voluntarios (24 varones y 52 mujeres, edad media de 20,7; DT ± 2,64). Se registró la postura mediante fotogrametría sagital con un software 2D, en posición de sedestación y en sedestación corregida mediante la colocación de un apoyo isquiático de 5 centímetros de altura. Posteriormente se analizaron los ángulos cráneo-vertebral (CV), cervical superior (CS), cervical inferior (CI), lumbar (AL). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la posición sedente y la sedente corregida en todos los ángulos analizados (p<0,01). Consiguiendo la disminución de la flexión lumbar y de la posición de cabeza adelantada. Conclusión: La utilización de un apoyo isquiático de 5 centímetros de altura en la posición de sedestación, disminuye la flexión lumbar y la posición de cabeza adelantada en comparación con una sedestación sin apoyo en sujetos jóvenes.Palabras clave: postura, columna, comunicación, ingeniería humana, educación para la salud.Abstract: Introduction: Information about correct ergonomics is increasing in order to avoid cervical and lumbar symptoms. However, the furniture of the colleges does not fit the individual characteristics, which make difficult the process. Objective: Analyse the posture change, when an ischial support is incorporated in young population. Methods: Cross sectional study. 76 volunteers students were included (24 men and 53 women, average age 20,7 SD ± 2,64). Posture was registered with sagittal photogrammetry and analysed by 2D software, in sitting position and corrected sitting position by 5-centimeters-isquial-support. Then, Neck Slope angle (NS), Upper Cervical angle (UP) Lower cervical angle (LC) and lumbar spine angle (LS) were analysed. Results: Statistical differences were found between the sitting position and corrected sitting position in all analysed angles (p<0,01). This means less lumbar flexion and forward head position. Conclusion: A 5-centimeter-isquial-support decrease lumbar flexion and forward head position compared to sitting position without ischial support in young adults.Keywords: posture, spine, communication, human engineering, health education.

What is known about Prostate Cancer? Response from Men Aged 50 Years and Above in Lindi Municipal, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Simon Francis ◽  
Obadia V. Nyongole
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Tanzania is among the highest recorded in Africa. Prostate cancer is also the most common cancer among men aged 50 years and above in Tanzania. Our study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among adult men with age 50 years and above regarding prostate cancer.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 250 adult men aged 50 years and above in Lindi municipal being purposively selected and we interviewed them by using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used for obtaining our participants. All men who had stayed for not less than one year in Lindi and willing to participate were enrolled in the study. These men were selected at households without screening whether or not they had taken prostate screening test or had been diagnosed with prostate cancer Quantitative data were cleaned and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: Majority, 216(86.7%) of our study participants were aged 50–69 years and most of them, 142(56.8%) had primary education with 93.2% of them being married. Among the study subjects 7.2% had positive family history of cancer and 195(78%) were aware of prostate cancer with source of information being mass media (62.6%). Majority of them, 63.2%, did not know the risk age group. Few, 20.8% of our participants had good knowledge while majority, 95.2% had negative attitude toward prostate cancer. We found a statistically significant association between level of education, family history and level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer with p < 0.005.Conclusion: This study revealed high level of awareness, but poor knowledge regarding prostate cancer and negative attitude toward prostate cancer among men with age ≥50 years in Lindi municipal Tanzania. Key words: Awareness, knowledge, attitude, prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Specialty Physician Designation in Referrals from a Vertically Integrated PCMH

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281985038
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Schreiner ◽  
Keri T. Holmes-Maybank ◽  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Justin Marsden ◽  
Patrick D. Mauldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Home ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Patient Centered Medical Home ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Primary care referrals to specialty physicians once relied upon the medical skill of the specialist, the quality of past communication, and previous consultative experiences. As health systems vertically integrate, patterns of specialty physician referral designation are not known. Methods: This cross-sectional study from a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) evaluated the proportion of referrals with named specialists. All outpatient specialty referrals from the PCMH between July and December of 2014 were eligible for inclusion, and 410 patients were randomly selected for chart review. The outcome of interest was specialty physician designation. Other variables of interest included PCMH provider experience, the reason for referral, and time to specialty visit. Univariate analysis was performed with Fisher exact tests. Results: Of 410 specialty referrals, 43.7% were made to medical specialties, 41.7% to surgical specialties, and 14.6% to ancillary specialties. Resident physicians placed 224 referrals (54.6%), faculty physicians ordered 155 (37.8%), and advanced practice providers ordered 31 (7.6%). Only 11.2% of the specialty referral orders designated a specific physician. No differences appeared in the reason for referral, the referral destination, the proportion of visits scheduled and attended, or the time to schedule between those referrals with and without specialty physician designation. Faculty physicians identified a specific specialist in 21.4% of referrals compared to residents doing so in 4.9% ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Patient-centered medical home referrals named a specific specialty physician infrequently, suggesting a shift from the historical reliance on the individual characteristics of the specialist in the referral process.

scholarly journals Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
M Abdulah Yusuf ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases. Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15

scholarly journals Prevalence of positive TST among Healthcare workers in high-burden TB setting in Peru

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Sedamano ◽  
Alvaro Schwalb ◽  
Rodrigo Cachay ◽  
Carlos Zamudio ◽  
Cesar Ugarte-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Burden ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) transmission has long been recognized as an important occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs possess a 5.8% annual risk of exposure and three times greater risk of developing active TB than the general population.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study between September 2014 and March 2015 among HCWs in a high-burden TB setting in Lima to estimate the prevalence of positive Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and to investigate factors associated with a positive TST.Results: 240 participants were included in the analysis; TST was administered to 190 (79.2%) while the rest were exempt due to a previous positive TST result, history of TB or refused the test. A positive TST result was found among 56.2% of participants who were applied the TST (95% CI: 49.22% - 63.55%). When considering those who had a previous positive TST result and those with a history of TB, the prevalence was 64.3% (95% CI: 57.8% - 70.3%). No significant differences were observed between clinical/paramedical and administrative staff in the health center. The use of N95 mask during work hours was reported by 142 (69.9%) participants. Prevalence ratios (PR) show that workers with more than 120 months as a HCW were 1.44 times more likely to be TST positive. The multivariate analysis found that HCWs with over 10 years of service were 1.52 times more likely to be TST positive.Conclusion: This study supports previous reports that TB infection is an occupational hazard for HCWs. Prevention of TB transmission through control measures, as well as timely diagnosis of LTBI in this selected risk group, is critical for the individual and for public health.

scholarly journals Erectile dysfunction in patients of diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Anilkumar Bellad ◽  
Kartik Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: One of the independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction is diabetes mellitus. The present study planned to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ED in DM.Methods: A one year cross-sectional study on a total of 208 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. National Institutes of Health (NIH) approved questionnaire for International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to interview each patient to assess for ED.Results: In this study 12.98% of patients had ED score between 13 to 18 suggestive of mild to moderate ED and 9.62% with 19 to 24 scores suggestive of mild degree. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 32.21%. The mean age in patients with erectile dysfunction was significantly high (58.40±10.96 years) compared to those without erectile dysfunction (51.00±11.16 years) (p<0.001) Of the 119 patients with duration of diabetes between one to five years 42.02% had ED and of the 3 patients with duration of more than five years 66.67% had ED (p<0.001). Prevalence of ED was higher in patients with HbA1c levels between 7.0 to 8.5 (32.76%) and >8.5 (37.07%). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was higher in patients with history of smoking (63.64%) (p<0.001) and alcohol intake (51.85%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was also significantly high in patients with history of hypertension (59.7%) (p<0.001).Conclusions: The ED in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly prevalent with age, duration of diabetes, history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, glycemic control and hypertriglyceridemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of positive TST among Healthcare workers in a high-burden TB setting in Peru

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Sedamano ◽  
Alvaro Schwalb ◽  
Rodrigo Cachay ◽  
Carlos Zamudio ◽  
Cesar Ugarte-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Burden ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) transmission has long been recognized as an important occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs possess a 5.8% annual risk of exposure and three times greater risk of developing active TB than the general population.Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study between September 2014 and March 2015 among HCWs in a high-burden TB setting in Lima to estimate the prevalence of positive Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and to investigate factors associated with a positive TST.Results 240 participants were included in the analysis; TST was administered to 190 (79.2%) while the rest were exempted due to a previous positive TST result, history of TB or refused the test. A positive TST result was found among 56.2% of participants (95% CI: 49.22% - 63.55%). When considering those who had a previous positive TST result and those with a history of TB, the prevalence of a positive TST was 64.3% (95% CI: 57.8% - 70.3%). No significant differences of TST results were observed between clinical/paramedical and administrative staff in the health center. The use of N95 mask during work hours was reported by 142 (69.9%) participants. Prevalence ratios (PR) show that workers with more than 120 months as a HCW were 1.44 times more likely to be TST positive. The multivariate analysis found that HCWs with over 10 years of service were 1.62 times more likely to be TST positive.Conclusion This study supports previous reports that TB infection is an occupational hazard for HCWs. Prevention of TB transmission through control measures, as well as timely diagnosis of LTBI in this selected risk group, is critical for the individual and for public health.

scholarly journals The Role of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics on Mental Health after a Period of Economic Crisis in the Lisbon Region (Portugal): A Multilevel Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loureiro ◽  
Santana ◽  
Nunes ◽  
Almendra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Mental health is an intrinsic dimension of health influenced by individual and contextual factors. This cross-sectional study analyzes the association between the individual, neighborhood characteristics, and one’s self-assessed mental health status in the Lisbon region after an economic crisis. Via the application of multilevel regression models, the study assesses the link between one’s neighborhood environment—deprivation, low self-assessed social capital, and low self-assessed satisfaction with the area of residence—and mental health regardless of one’s individual characteristics. Constraints related to the economic crisis play an important role in the explanation of poor mental health.

Is laparoscopic experience helpful in simulator based robotic training in general surgery?

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriyar Ghazanfar ◽  
Sajida Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Yumnah Safdar ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Leghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Robotic Training ◽  
Laparoscopic Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robotic Skills ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

Objective: To evaluate whether or not prior laparoscopic training improves performance during robotic surgery utilising DaVinci robotic skills simulator. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from May 4 to November 11, 2018, and comprised first year residents in Group A with no laparoscopic skills and fourth year residents doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy independently and surgical faculty members in Group B who had laparoscopic skills. Both the groups had no previous exposure to robotic surgery and skills simulator. There were 4 exercises which were repeated three times by each participant. Scoring was done using the the DaVinci robotic skills simulator software. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 30 surgeons, there were 15(50%) in Group A with a mean age of 26±0.56 years, and 15(50%) in Group B with a mean age of 32 years± 9.16 (p<0.001). The overall mean age was 32±9.16 years (range: 25-52 years). There were 19(63.3) females in the sample compared to 11(36.6%) males. Mean scores of Ring walk 2, Peg board 2, and Suture sponge 3 were better in Group A, while mean score of Matchboard 2 was better in Group although B (p>0.05). Group B fared better in the individual scoring of Suture sponge 2 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Laparoscopic skills apparently did not confer any benefit while performing exercises on the DaVinci skills simulator. Key Words: DaVinci Si, DaVinci skills simulator, dVSSS, Robotic surgery curriculum, Robotic surgery simulation. Continuous...

Frequency of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3520-3523
Author(s):  
Muneeba Sadaf ◽  
Afshan Zaman ◽  
Fatima Bibi ◽  
Maria Tariq ◽  
Uzma Nayyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: To determine the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnantwomen. Study design: Descriptive, Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. 26th December 2017 to 25th June 2018 Materials & Methods: A total of 151 pregnant women of gestational age ≥28 weeks, 18 to 40 years of age were included. Patients with genital tract trauma, history of UTI in the past one year and urinary tract stones were excluded. Then clean-catch midstream urine was collected from each woman into a sterile universal container and sample was sent to the institutional laboratory for presenceor absence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Results: Age range in this study was from 18 to 40 years with mean age of 28.78 ± 3.90 years. Majority of the patients 84 (55.63%) were between 18 to 30 years of age. Mean gestational age was 31.06 ± 1.67 weeks. Mean parity was 3.17 ± 0.99. Mean BMI was 27.44 ± 3.02 kg/m2. In our study, frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women was found in 25 (16.56%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women is quite high. Keywords: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Pregnancy, Urinary Tract Infection.

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