scholarly journals Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziemowit Bańkosz ◽  
Sławomir Winiarski ◽  
Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Maximal Acceleration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups

Background: The identification of gender differences in kinematics and coordination of movement in different body segments in sports may improve the training process by emphasizing the necessity of its differentiation, and consequently individualization, developing, and improving the technique in women and men. Indicating differences can also help in determining the risk of injury in order to prevent from them by diversifying training programs. However, there is no information regarding this problem in the existing literature pertaining to table tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in the values of selected angular and kinematic parameters during topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots between male and female table tennis players. Methods: Six male and six female advanced table tennis players performed topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots, both receiving a backspin ball. The angular parameters in four events (ready position, backswing, maximum acceleration, and forward) at chosen joints as well as the maximal acceleration of the playing hand were measured, using the myoMotion system, and were compared between male and female players. Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the magnitude of angular parameters and maximum hand acceleration between men and women. The movement pattern of topspin strokes performed by men takes into account, more than that in the case of women, movements that use large muscle groups and large joints (hip joints, trunk joints, shoulder joints in extension, and flexion). The difference in the values of maximal acceleration reached almost 50 m/s2 in topspin forehand (p < 0.01) and 20 m/s2 in backhand (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Differentiation of movement patterns can be a manifestation of movement optimization due to anthropological differences and limitations. The differences in the values of maximal acceleration suggest that women could use both sides to perform a topspin attack against the backspin ball, while men should seek opportunities to make a stronger shot with a forehand topspin.

scholarly journals Suicide Notes: Exaggerations by Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Purbo Kusumastuti ◽  
Aulia Apriana ◽  
Yazid Basthomi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Subjects

Touching into the gender differences between males and females in expressing the use of exaggeration expressions, this study analyzes the relevant data using the LIWC tool, the HIP method, and the deficit and difference theories. This study found that in relation to the gender stereotypes, both males and females speak differently, yet also demonstrate similarities. Both the male and female subjects express emotions equally in the language production; yet, the negative emotions are dominated by the males, and the positive emotions are dominated by the females. The difference of emotion productions influences the differences in the males’ production of exaggeration expressions, such as empty adjectives, italic expressions, and hyperbole by the female subjects.  

Gender Differences in Activities and Mobility in the Netherlands, 1975 to 1990

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul van Beek ◽  
Nelly Kalfs ◽  
Ursula Blom
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Car Use ◽  
The Difference

As in many other countries, a growing number of women in the Netherlands are entering the labor market. The difference between male and female participation in paid work is decreasing, and more men are taking care of domestic duties. It is expected that these changes will lead to growing numbers of task combiners and to more similar patterns of travel behavior for men and women. The intention of the present research is to investigate these expectations for the situation in the Netherlands. For this goal two groups of time budget data for the period from 1975 to 1990 were analyzed. The focus was on gender differences in trends in time use and mobility. The results indicate that between 1975 and 1990, the distribution of paid work and domestic work by men and women changed, more men and women were performing combinations of obligatory tasks, gender differences in mobility became smaller, and car use, both for men and for women, depended heavily on the workload of an out-of-home paid job.

scholarly journals Can physical training minimize the gender differences in lung capacity of trained tennis players aged 14 – 17 years old ?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Nupur Pandit ◽  
Shovana Banik ◽  
Shilpi Kumari Prasad ◽  
Piya Majumdar ◽  
Oly Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: This study was based on gender differences in male and female trained tennis players. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the extent that physical training could minimize the gender differences in lung capacities in trained tennis players aged 14–17 years. Material and methods: The participants were ten male and seven female lawn tennis players, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 15.5 ± 1.27 and 14.43 ± 1.13 years, respectively. Physical characteristics and lung volumes were measured on the same day for each participant. Data were presented as mean ± SD, and Student’s t-test to compare the measured variables was performed. Results: Differences between genders were insignificant in terms of age (years), weight (kg), body fat (%), lean body mass (kg) and chest circumference (cm). However, height (cm), and W/H ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in male tennis players in comparison to female players. Insignificant differences were found for TV (L), SVC (L), FVC (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%), FEF25-75% (L/s), PEF (L/s) and MVV (L/min). The only significant difference (p < 0.05) in lung function measures between male and female trained tennis players was for PIF (L/s). Conclusions: Male tennis players were taller than female tennis players of same age range, which might be advantageous for males while playing. Insignificant differences between male and female players in the various lung variables measured indicated that the influence of height and gender differences could be minimized by proper training during puberty. A significantly higher PIF in male players indicated stronger and more powerful inspiratory muscle activity compared with female tennis players.

scholarly journals The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ziemowit Bańkosz ◽  
Sławomir Winiarski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Parametric Mapping ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Training Methodologies ◽  
High Level

The research is aimed at comparing the kinematics (the movement pattern in the most important joints and accelerations of the playing hand) between female table tennis players coached in Poland (POL) and China (CHIN) during the performance of a topspin backhand stroke (so-called quick topspin). The study involved six female table tennis players at a high sports skill level, playing in Poland’s highest league. Three were national team members of Poland (age: 20.3 ± 1.9 ), while the other three were players from China (age: 20.0 ± 0.0 ). Kinematics was measured using MR3 myoMuscle Master Edition system—inertial measurement unit (IMU) system. The participants performed one task of topspin backhand as a response to a topspin ball, repeated 15 times. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was calculated using SPM1D in a Python package that offered a high-level interface to SPM1D. The SPM method allowed for the determination of differences between the Chinese and Polish female athletes. The differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems. The observed differences include, among others, greater use of the so-called small steps in order to adapt and be ready during the back to ready position and backswing phases, which gives the CHIN players slightly better conditions for preparation for the next plays. The CHIN players’ position compared to that of the POL players favours a quicker transition from the backhand to the forehand play. This difference is probably related to the difference in the dominant playing styles of the groups studied. Despite the differences in movement patterns in both groups, the exact value of playing hand was achieved. This may be a manifestation of the phenomenon of equifinality and compensation. All the differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems.

scholarly journals Decomposing Gender Differences in Bankcard Credit Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (072) ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
Nathan Blascak ◽  
◽  
Anna Tranfaglia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Credit Score ◽  
Quantile Decomposition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, we examine if there are gender differences in total bankcard limits by utilizing a data set that links mortgage applicant information with individual-level credit bureau data from 2006 to 2016. We document that after controlling for credit score, income, and demographic characteristics, male borrowers on average have higher total bankcard limits than female borrowers. Using a standard Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we find that 87 percent of the gap is explained by differences in the effect of observed characteristics between male and female borrowers, while approximately 10 percent of the difference can be explained by differences in the levels of observed characteristics. Using a quantile decomposition strategy to analyze the gender gap along the entire bankcard credit limit distribution, we show that gender differences in bankcard limits favor female borrowers at smaller limits and favor male borrowers at larger limits. The primary factors that drive this gap have changed over time and vary across the distribution of credit limits.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
Wei J. Chen ◽  
Jill M. Goldstein ◽  
Ming T. Tsuang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Existing Data

Numerous studies have found that male schizophrenic patients have earlier ages at onset than females. However, none of these studies have corrected the observed ages for known gender differences in the age distribution of the population. Using a pre-existing data set, we applied a non-parametric method to correct the male and female distributions of observed age at onset for sex-specific age distributions. The distributions of observed age at onset indicated earlier onset among males. After correction, the age-at-onset distributions shifted toward older ages, but the difference between males and females remained statistically significant. Thus, gender differences in the age at onset of schizophrenia are not artefactual.

scholarly journals Attribution Theory, Personality Traits, and Gender Differences among EFL Learners

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azar Hosseini Fatemi ◽  
Arezoo Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
English Language ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽  
And Gender

This study was designed to determine whether there is any association between learners' personality traits and their sets of attributions in learning English as a foreign language, regarding their gender differences. To this aim, 216 lower intermediate English language learners, 111 male and 105 female, studying in Shokouh English language institutes in Mashhad took part in the study. They completed NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Attribution questionnaire (ATFLL). The results of the correlational study in male and female groups indicated significant relationships between some of personality traits and sub-scales of attribution theory. The result of t-test showed that the difference between means was not significant in any of the attribution sub-constructs between male and female learners. Regarding personality factors, results showed that the difference between the means was significant only for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.

scholarly journals Extraction of Knowledge from the Topographic Attentive Mapping Network and its Application in Skill Analysis of Table Tennis

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Hayashi ◽  
Masanori Fujii ◽  
Toshiyuki Maeda ◽  
Jasmin Leveille ◽  
Tokio Tasaka
Keyword(s):  
Middle Level ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Skill Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Technique Evaluation ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe Topographic Attentive Mapping (TAM) network is a biologically-inspired classifier that bears similarities to the human visual system. In case of wrong classification during training, an attentional top-down signal modulates synaptic weights in intermediate layers to reduce the difference between the desired output and the classifier’s output. When used in a TAM network, the proposed pruning algorithm improves classification accuracy and allows extracting knowledge as represented by the network structure. In this paper, sport technique evaluation of motion analysis modelled by the TAM network was discussed. The trajectory pattern of forehand strokes of table tennis players was analyzed with nine sensor markers attached to the right upper arm of players. With the TAM network, input attributes and technique rules were extracted in order to classify the skill level of players of table tennis from the sensor data. In addition, differences between the elite player, middle level player and beginner were clarified; furthermore, we discussed how to improve skills specific to table tennis from the view of data analysis.

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