scholarly journals Evolution of the Habits of Physical Activity and Television Viewing in Spanish Children and Pre-Adolescents between 1997 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. García-Soidán ◽  
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Romo-Pérez ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

Background: Promoting healthy lifestyles in children, has become a priority for public health institutions. However, electronic devices with screens encourage sedentary behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the habits of physical activity practice and television watching in a cohort of 20 years of research in Spanish children. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was based on data from the Spain National Health Surveys between 1997 and 2017 (N = 11,444). The dependent variables considered were the frequency with which the minor practiced physical activity (PA) in his/her spare time, the daily TV viewing habit, and the daily hours of TV viewing. Results: The children who practiced physical activity daily has decreased 7.3% throughout the study period. The proportion of children who watched the television daily for more hours increased significantly (6.3%). Such increase was constant throughout the years, and the analysis by sex showed that the proportion of boys who watched television for more than three hours per day increased three percent, and that of girls increased fourfold. Conclusions: The habits of physical activity practice and television viewing have changed towards sedentary lifestyle. Particularly, the girls and the children between 12 and 14 years showed the most sedentary behavior. Public health policies must consider the differences between sexes in order for such interventions to be effective in the population of pre-adolescents, in general, and girls, in particular.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions at Addis Ababa city Ethiopia, 2020. Institution-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251815
Author(s):  
Solomon Shitu ◽  
Getachew Adugna ◽  
Haimanot Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

Background Blood/body fluid splash are hazards to health care professionals in their working area. Around twenty bloodborne pathogens are known to be transmitted through these occupational injuries. This problem alters the health status of health care professionals in different ways, including physically, mentally, and psychologically. Even though health professionals especially midwives who are working in delivery rooms are highly affected, little is known about the exposure. So, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions of Addis Ababa city. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 study participants in public health institutions in Addis Ababa. Data was collected from March 1–20, 2020 by a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. All variables with P<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in a final model and statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05. Results In this study, a total of 424 respondents respond yielding a response rate of 97%. The prevalence of blood and body fluid splashes (BBFs) was 198 (46.7%). Not training on infection prevention, working in two shifts (> 12 hours), not regularly apply universal precautions, job-related stress, an average monthly salary of 5001–8000 were independent predictors of blood and body fluid splashes. Conclusion The study revealed that nearly half of midwives were exposed to BBFS. This highlights the need for key stakeholders such as policymakers and service providers to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making the environment enabling to comply with standard precautions. We recommend that this study may be done by including rural setting institutions and by including other health professionals that are susceptible to BBFS at work. Formal training on infection prevention and safety practice to apply universal precautions will be needed from the concerned bodies to prevent exposures to blood/body fluid splash.

Abstract MP92: Sedentary Behavior: Do Television-viewing and Total Time Sitting Measure the Same Component?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A McGrane Minton ◽  
Kelly Thevenet-Morrison ◽  
I. Diana Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Tv Viewing

Background: Sedentary behaviors (SB) are activities associated with prolonged time periods of sitting, reclining, or laying down during waking hours. While the relation between SB and physical activity is complex, the common consensus is that SB is not the absence of physical activity and consists of its own determinants posing distinct health outcomes. These behaviors are of significant public health importance as the majority of Americans spend much of their days in SB and due to the increased risks of morbidity and mortality associated with SB. Adverse health outcomes associated with SB include cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and mortality. Television-viewing time and total sitting time have both been used widely to assess time spent in SB and therefore we hypothesize that TV-viewing time and total hours sitting will have high concordance and can be used interchangeably to represent sedentary behaviors. Methods: Using a sample (n = 2858) from the Images of a Healthy Worksite study, a group-randomized control trial involving nutrition and physical activity, the current study assessed how two different tools measured time spent in SB. Tertiles were created based upon the distribution of hours sitting and hours spent TV-vewing. Weighted Kappa statistics were used to measure concordance between hours of TV-viewing and total hours of time spent sitting for the entire sample and for subgroup analyses. Results: Weighted Kappa statistics for tertiles of hours sitting and tv hours were 0.0046, indicating little agreement on the television and the sitting items. Kappa w statistics for BMI categories also showed poor agreement (obese Kappa w = 0.02, overweight Kappa w = 0.002, and healthy subjects Kappa w = 0.006. The Kappa w statistics for males and females were -0.006 and 0.02, respectively. Kappa w statistics for the intervention group (Kappa w = 0.007) and for the control group (Kappa w = 0.0005) also showed little agreement. Conclusions: These results suggest that although commonly used, using television viewing time and total time spent sitting as interchangeable markers of SB, is not a valid assumption. We propose that total time spent sitting and hours spent television-viewing represent different domains within the construct of sedentary behavior. It is important for future researchers to use measures of sedentary behavior that capture the numerous domains involved in measuring SB to allow for the most sensitive measurement of this high-risk behavior.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leadership Competencies of Executives in Lithuanian Public Health Institutions

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Stankūnas ◽  
Skirmantė Sauliūnė ◽  
Tony Smith ◽  
Mark Avery ◽  
Linas Šumskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

Background and Objective. Lithuanian and international public health experts emphasize the importance of leadership in public health. The aim of this study was to explore the self-assessed level of leadership competencies of executives in Lithuanian public health institutions. Material and Methods. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of executives of Lithuanian public health institutions in 2010. The total number of returned questionnaires was 55 (response rate, 58.5%). Respondents were asked about their competencies in leadership, teamwork, communication, and conflict management. The evaluation was carried out by analyzing the answers provided in the survey, which used a 5-point rating scale. In addition, the Belbin Team-Role Self-Perception Inventory and the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument were used. Results. The results showed that respondents were reserved or limited in their individual capacities through this evaluation of their leadership competencies. The mean score was 3.47 (SD, 0.71). Skills in competency areas of communication, teamwork, and conflict management were scored higher (3.73 [SD, 0.67], 3.73 [SD, 0.62], and 3.53 [SD, 0.63], respectively). Most of executives preferred to choose action-oriented roles (76.2%). The most common role was “implementer” (69.1%). “Avoiding” (52.7%) was the most common conflict solving strategy. The results showed that 89.1% of executives wanted to improve teamwork; 83.6%, leadership competencies; 81.8%, communication; and 80.0%, conflict management. Conclusions. The study results suggest that the executives of Lithuanian public health institutions evaluate their leadership competencies moderately. These results indicate the value of leadership training for public health executives.

Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Parents’ and Preschoolers’ Physical Activity and Television Viewing: The HAPPY Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
Jill Hnatiuk ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Keren Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Parental modeling has been shown to be important for school-aged children’s physical activity (PA) and television (TV) viewing, yet little is known about its impact for younger children. This study examined cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal associations between PA and TV viewing behaviors of parents and their preschool children.Methods:In 2008–2009 (T1), parents in the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years (HAPPY) cohort study (n = 450) in Melbourne, Australia, self-reported their weekly PA and TV viewing and proxy-reported their partner’s PA and TV viewing and their 3- to 5-year-old preschool child’s TV viewing. Children’s PA was assessed via accelerometers. Repeat data collection occurred in 2011–2012 (T2).Results:Mothers’ and fathers’ PAs were associated with PA among preschool girls at T1, but not boys. Parents’ TV viewing times were significant correlates of girls’ and boys’ TV viewing at T1. Longitudinally, mothers’ PA at baseline predicted boys’ PA at T2, whereas sex-specific associations were found for TV viewing, with mothers’ and fathers’ TV viewing at T1 associated with girls’ and boys’ TV viewing respectively at T2.Conclusions:The PA and TV viewing of both parents are significantly associated with these behaviors in preschool children. The influence of the sex-matched parent appears to be important longitudinally for children’s TV viewing.

scholarly journals Burnout and nursing work environment in public health institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Regina Márcia Cardoso de Sousa ◽  
Erika de Souza Guedes ◽  
Mariana Alvina dos Santos ◽  
Ruth Natalia Teresa Turrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify associations between the Burnout domains and the characteristics of the work environment. Method: cross-sectional study with 745 nurses from 40 public health institutions in São Paulo. Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R) and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Similar institutions according to NWI-R were grouped by clustering and the Anova and Bonferroni tests were used in the comparative analyzes. Results: there was significant and moderate correlation between emotional exhaustion and autonomy, control over the environment and organizational support; between reduced personal accomplishment, autonomy and organizational support; and between depersonalization and autonomy. The group that presented the worst conditions in the work environment differed on emotional exhaustion from the group with most favorable traits. Conclusion: emotional exhaustion was the trait of Burnout that was more consistently related to the group of institutions with more unfavorable working conditions regarding autonomy, organizational support and control over the environment.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Preconception Care and Associated Factors among Healthcare Providers Working in Public Health Institutions in Awi Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2019: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mahlet Million Bekele ◽  
Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu ◽  
Mezgebu Mihret Kefale ◽  
Simachew Animen Bante
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Awi Zone

Background. Preconception care is a set of interventional care for the better maternal and childbirth outcome. Nevertheless, this area still faces implementation problems in most of the developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the knowledge of preconception care and associated factors among healthcare providers working in public health institutions in Awi zone, North West Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 healthcare providers working in public health institutions in Awi zone, North West Ethiopia. A pretested structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from individual healthcare providers who were selected randomly using a multistage sampling technique. The data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25 software. Frequency, proportions, means, and standard deviations were used to describe the data. Candidate variables at bivariate logistic regression with a p value > 0.2 were moved to multivariable logistic regression models, and statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result. Among the total of 660 healthcare providers, 344 (52%) had good knowledge of preconception care. The odds ratio of having good knowledge of preconception care was high among healthcare providers working at hospitals [AOR=2.316, 95% CI: 1.900-5.528], using smartphones [AOR=3.177, 95% CI: 1.945-5.167], presence of preconception care guidelines at health institutions [AOR=3.166, 95% CI: 1.872-5.299], taking training on preconception care education and counseling [AOR=3.812, 95% CI: 2.241-6.581], taking training about human immune virus [AOR=4.911, 95% CI: 3.008-8.123], and attending training on increasing public awareness of preconception health and care [AOR=2.345, 95% CI: 3.922-5.488] which were independent predictors associated with knowledge of preconception care among healthcare providers. Conclusion. Healthcare providers’ knowledge of preconception care was low. Study participants working at hospitals, using smartphones, presence of preconception guidelines at health institutions, taking training on preconception education and counseling, taking training about human immune virus testing and management, and increasing public awareness of preconception care affect knowledge of health providers positively. The provision of updated training on preconception and linkage of internet service with health service should be enhanced among healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Correlation between patient and visitor violence and workload among public healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e034605
Author(s):  
Ju Huang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Medical Quality ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

ObjectivesWe studied the characteristics of patient and visitor violence (PVV) and the workload of doctors and nurses, and identified the correlation between the incidence of PVV and healthcare worker (HCW) workload in China.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting288 public health institutions in a city in northern China.ParticipantsData on 87 998 HCWs were extracted from the 2015 database of the Medical Quality and Safety Notification System.MeasuresThe data included characteristics of the healthcare institution, types of services provided, information about each complaint and reported PVV incidents by hospital level. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression modelling were used to identify the correlation between the incidence of PVV and HCW workload.ResultsThree types of institutions were identified as being at particularly high risk for PVV: tertiary hospitals, specialised hospitals and institutions in a downtown district. Incidence rates of PVV at tertiary hospitals, specialised hospitals and institutions in a downtown district were 16.6%, 17.6% and 22.8%, respectively. All three types of institutions had a high inpatient workload (admissions per doctor per day): 0.15, 0.17 and 0.12, respectively. After controlling for scale, type and location, it was found that the overall incidence rate of PVV increased with increasing outpatient workload (β=0.236, p<0.01).ConclusionsPVV poses a significant challenge to public health institutions in China, and the high workload of HCWs likely contributes to higher risk of PVV. Prevention and intervention of PVV may be targeted to HCWs at specific institutions. The patient complaint notification system needs improvement and could be, for example, a better source of PVV information for future interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Physical Activity among Adolescents from 105 Low, Middle, and High-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Duarte Henriques-Neto ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
National Prevalence

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is a beneficial health behaviour, however most adolescents worldwide are physically inactive. Updated information on the prevalence and trends of PA is important to inform national and international authorities and support countries’ public health policies and actions. This study aimed to present the worldwide, regional, and national prevalence of PA participation according to its frequency in adolescents. Methods: This study is based on cross-sectional surveys of adolescents’ populations from several countries and all regions worldwide. The sample comprised 520,533 adolescents (251,788 boys; 268,745 girls), from 105 countries and regions. Results: Most adolescents engaged in PA up to 3 days/week (57.1%; 95% CI: 56.9; 57.2). The prevalence of engaging in PA every day decreases over the age from 28.2% at age of 11–12 years (95% CI: 27.4; 29.0) to 21.2% at age of 16–17 years (95% CI: 20.3; 22.0) among boys; and from 19.4% (95% CI: 18.5; 20.2) to 11.1% (95% CI: 10.1; 12.0) among girls. For boys and girls who engaged in PA 5-6 days/week, the prevalence increases from countries with the lowest human development index to countries with the highest. Cambodia (7.3%, 95% CI: 3.8; 10.8), Philippines (7.7%, 95% CI: 5.6; 9.7), Sudan (8.8%, 95% CI: 4.7; 12.9), Timor-Leste (8.9%, 95% CI: 5.5; 12.3), and Afghanistan (10.1%, 95% CI: 6.1; 14.1) were the countries with the lowest prevalence of sufficient PA. Conclusions: National, regional, and worldwide data on the prevalence of physical activity in adolescents highlights the importance of improving the global levels of PA, especially in girls. Identifying the factors causing the age-related decrease in physical activity levels will permit public health entities to define priority actions and policies against physical inactivity.

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