scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Solid Waste Pollution in China: From the Perspective of Formal Environmental Regulation and Informal Environmental Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7798
Author(s):  
Bei Xiong ◽  
Ruimei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Indicator Variable ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

To address the concern of environmental pollution, it is necessary to study the effect of environmental regulation on industrial solid waste emission reduction in China. This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of provincial environmental regulation (both formal and informal) on the industrial solid waste emission reduction. The results show that both the effect of formal and informal environmental regulations on industrial solid waste emission intensity present an inverted “U” shape. The threshold value of per capita GDP as an indicator variable is CNY 16,299 and CNY 15,572 respectively. The effect on pollution emission reduction will appear when the value is higher than the threshold, and the two-way transmission mechanism between formal and informal environmental regulations does exist. When GDP per capita exceeds CNY 27,961, there is a phenomenon of “rebound” in the effect of informal environmental regulation on pollution reduction. Based on the findings, it was suggested that both formal and informal environmental regulation should be promoted to achieve the goal of industrial solid waste emission reduction. The coordination between formal and informal environmental regulation should be considered when the government makes policies. Different environmental regulation policies should be implemented in different regions. Informal regulation should be enriched and further promoted. Environmental law should play an important role in maintaining the public’s participation in environmental regulation to prevent the failure of informal environmental regulation.

scholarly journals How Promotion Incentives and Environmental Regulations Affect China’s Environmental Pollution?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Shiwen Liu ◽  
Zhong Zhang ◽  
Guangyao Xu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Government

As for the academics and policymakers, more attention has been given to the issue on how to reduce environmental pollution through the cooperation of environmental regulation and local officials’ promotion incentives. With the use of a city-level panel data of 266 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2016, this study preliminary explores the impacts of environmental regulations, local officials’ promotion incentives, and their interaction terms on urban environmental pollution at national and regional levels by using the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that the impacts of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives on urban environmental pollution have achieved the desired goal with the other’s cooperation, and their interaction term’s coefficients on urban environmental pollution are significantly negative. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is established, and the uneven development of urban environmental pollution among different regions deserves more attention. In order to effectively reduce the level of urban environmental pollution in China, the government should focus on such solutions as enhancing the implementation and supervision efficiency of environmental regulation, optimizing the performance appraisal system of local officials, improving the synergistic effects of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives, and establishing a multi-scale spatial cooperation mechanism based on both geographical and economic correlations.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculations Under Different Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin Xin ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai ◽  
Yu-Ming Zhai ◽  
Jiangtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
The Government

The Chinese government is committed to ensuring separation of municipal solid waste (MSW), promoting the integrated development of the MSW management system with the renewable resource recovery system, and achieving construction of ecological civilization. Guided by the methods in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under five waste disposal scenarios in Beijing under the life cycle framework were assessed in this research. The study included collection and transportation, as well as three end disposal methods (sanitary landfill, incineration, and composting), and the emission reduction benefits of electricity generation from incineration and recycling of renewable resources were taken into account. The results show that an emission reduction benefit of 70.82% could be achieved under Scenario 5 in which kitchen waste and recyclables are sorted and recycled and the residue is incinerated, and the selection of the optimal strategy was not affected by changes in the separation rate. In addition, landfill would emit more GHG than incineration and composting. The results of this study are helpful for the government to make a decision on MSW management considering the goal of GHG emission reduction.

Baby Bottoms and Environmental Conundrums: Disposable Diapers and the Pediatrician

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
MARIANNE B. SUTTON ◽  
MICHAEL WEITZMAN ◽  
JONATHAN HOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Capita Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Disposable Diapers

The solid waste crisis is currently receiving extensive publicity in the lay press and increasing attention from the government (Newsweek. November 27, 1989:76; Council for Solid Waste Solutions, Washington, DC, unpublished data).1-3 The United States has the highest per capita rate of solid waste production among industrialized nations, more than three pounds per person each day, resulting in 160 million tons of solid waste each year (Newsweek. November 27, 1989). Disposable diapers contribute significantly to this problem and have, in fact, become a symbol of the solid waste crisis.4-6 Marketing surveys estimate that 80% of infants in the United States use disposable diapers.7,8

scholarly journals Evolutionary Game Research between the Government Environmental Regulation Intensities and the Pollution Emissions of Papermaking Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Guangyuan Qin ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Baodong Cheng ◽  
Yuan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Successful Probability ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Environmental regulations of different intensities may have different impacts on polluting enterprises. The purpose of this article is to analyze how different environmental regulations affect the pollution discharge strategies of papermaking enterprises. By establishing an evolutionary game model between the government environmental regulation intensities and the pollutant emissions from papermaking enterprises, this thesis further solves the model and performs stability analysis and finally uses MATLAB to conduct simulation studies. And the researching results show that papermaking enterprises will take risks to choose the illegal pollutant discharge strategies when the illegal profits are large. Further analysis shows that the increase in the successful probability of the strong environmental regulations does not necessarily force papermaking enterprises to choose to comply with pollution discharge regulations. However, papermaking enterprises may choose to comply with discharge pollution regulations not only by increasing the successful probability of strong environmental regulations but also by increasing the rewards and punishments for papermaking enterprises as well as by increasing the probability of reporting violations of pollutants. Based on the above results, the author proposes several countermeasures, such as establishing a specialized pollution monitoring agency, encouraging third-party supervision, reporting pollution behaviors, and increasing penalties for polluting companies for violations. China is in a critical period of transition from rapid development to high-quality development. It will provide some reliable references for the construction of a green economy and an ecological economy that the characteristics and relationships between the intensity of government environmental regulations and corporate pollution emissions revealed in this article.

scholarly journals Impact of Government Regulation on Emission Reduction of Environmental Pollutants in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

In pursuit of rapid economic growth, China ignores the carrying capacity of the natural environment and storage quantity of natural resources, resulting in waste and abuse of a large number of natural resources. With the development of industrialization, environmental and ecological problems are becoming more and more serious. Resources are being wasted seriously, and environmental endurance is faced with a great threat. Government regulation on environmental pollution governance has become a consistent problem to be solved for the further economic and social development of all countries in the world. Most governments adopt the establishment of environmental regulation agencies to regulate enterprise pollution. To explore the impact of government regulation on emission reduction of environmental pollutants, government regulation was taken as an explanatory variable and a multivariate panel regression model was established. The influencing factors of environmental pollutant emission in 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2007 to 2016 were estimated. Results show that the government regulation policy in China cannot significantly promote emission reduction of environmental pollutants. GDP and technological progress can effectively reduce the emission of environmental pollutants. The increasing proportion of the secondary industry and a large amount of foreign investment, both lead to an increase in environmental pollutants emission. Government regulation measures can effectively alleviate ecological environment damage caused by environmental pollutant emission. The policy implication of the findings is that the government of China should formulate appropriate intensity of government regulation. The intensity of environmental regulation cannot be blindly increased. Regulation means of pollution charge, pollution permits, and environmental tax should be flexibly used. According to realistic characteristics of different regions, different degrees of excess production cap

scholarly journals Manejo De Residuos Sólidos Hospitalarios En La Unidad Oncológica Solca-Chimborazo

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
H. Brito ◽  
R. Cazar ◽  
N. Moreno ◽  
J. Quintanilla ◽  
M. Inca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Institutions

It was determined that the handling of the solid waste generated by the SOLCA – Chimborazo cancer hospital was not appropriate, both internally and externally. Because of that, the classification, transport, storage, deactivation, and intermediate disposition are inconvenient. Thus, it was realized that it is important to have the requirements and documents to follow and comply the objectives that are specified within the management, focusing on feedback and continuous improvement. To learn about the nature of the generated residuals, they were characterized in the hospital. Common, infectious, radioactive, organic and sharp residuals were found during the months of September, November and December. The common waste is comprised of cardboard, paper and plastic. The per-capita production of residuals was 0.76 kg/patient/day. The environmental impact caused by the generation of hospital solid waste was 56% severe impacts and 44% moderate impacts, which could elicit health problems in the population surrounding the hospital. For this reason, the appropriate management of solid waste allowed to obtain large environmental benefits and reduce the pollution generated by the hospital solid waste. It is recommended to SOLCA-Chimborazo and other health institutions the implementation of an adequate solid waste management, which will allow them to comply with all the requirements enforced by the environmental regulations.

scholarly journals Can China’s Environmental Regulations Effectively Reduce Pollution Emissions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Zhigang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Based on the provincial panel data of China during 2006–2017, this study uses the panel smooth transition (PSTR) model to study the dynamic transformation mechanism of pollution emission under environmental regulation. We focus on technological progress, economic growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) as threshold variables, and analyses the non-linear effects of environmental regulation on pollution emissions under those threshold variables, attempting to explore the effectiveness of existing environmental regulations. The structure of biased technological progress is based on the slacks-based measure (SBM) and Global-Malmquist–Luenberger index, which is divided into pollution-biased technology progress and clean-biased technology progress. Finally, we use the panel vector auto regressive (PVAR) algorithm to further verify the relationship. The findings are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation has a significant nonlinear effect on pollution emissions, and technological progress is the optimal threshold variable of this study. (2) Under the influence of these three factors, environmental regulation has a substitution effect on pollution discharge, and a stronger substitution effect on emission reduction in areas with advanced technology and high FDI. It also has a lower emission reduction effect in the high-system areas of economic development than in the low-system areas. (3) The PVAR results show that the impact on environmental regulation of technological progress and FDI has gradually turned from positive to negative; the impact of economic growth on environmental regulation has always been positive but is gradually decreasing. This study points out the direction for governments and companies to implement effective environmental regulations.

Modeling Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth of Henan Province in Recent 25 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1810-1814
Author(s):  
Shun Lei Peng ◽  
Nan Nan Wu ◽  
Gan Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Industrial Exhaust

The environmental data (carbon emissions, industrial wastewater discharge, exhaust gases emissions and solid waste production.) and economic data (Per Capita GDP) from 1985 to 2010 was selected to fit environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The results showed that all the EKC models were significantly fitted (p<0.01), the EKC shapes of Per Capita GDP (PCGDP) between carbon emissions, industrial exhaust gases emissions, and industrial solid waste production were inverted-U shape, respectively. The EKC shape of PCGDP and industrial wastewater was inverted-N shape. This study suggested that Henan Province is still at the stage of industrial development, and EKC turning points of carbon emissions, industrial exhaust gases, and industrial solid waste production have not been reached. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and adjust energy-depended industry structure to improve environment quality and welcome EKC turning points coming as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Impacts of Cultural Diversity on Carbon Emission Effects: From the Perspective of Environmental Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Ying-jie Song ◽  
Fu-wei Ma ◽  
Jing-ya Qu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Cultural diversity is an issue not considered too often in traditional research on the influencing factors of carbon emission reduction to give full play to the effective participation of micro subjects in environmental regulation and to achieve the carbon emission reduction target. Aiming at the cultural diversity of micro subjects, this paper introduces the provincial dynamic index of cultural diversity and, from the perspective of environmental regulation, combines environmental regulation types such as energy regulation, economic regulation, and administrative regulation, to empirically study the impact of cultural difference on carbon emission reduction. We found that cultural diversity had a significant negative impact on carbon emission effects, and there is a one-way Granger causality between the two. Cultural diversity and environmental regulations exerted a synergistic impact on carbon emission effects. Through specific mechanism tests, the intermediary effect of environmental regulations was confirmed. Cultural diversity influenced carbon emission effects through the mediation of environmental regulations. From the perspective of the refined characteristics of different regions, possible cultural diversity in the southern region and regional energy consumption characteristics significantly affected carbon emission effects. On the basis of the conclusions reached in this empirical research, we put forward the following policy suggestions: emphasis should be placed on the function of culture and other non-institutional factors in the practice of environmental regulations; bottom-up environmental protection incentives must be strengthened, and required expression channels should be perfected; the role of various environmental regulations must be given full play in the process of carbon emission reduction.

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