Evolutionary Game Research between the Government Environmental Regulation Intensities and the Pollution Emissions of Papermaking Enterprises

Environmental regulations of different intensities may have different impacts on polluting enterprises. The purpose of this article is to analyze how different environmental regulations affect the pollution discharge strategies of papermaking enterprises. By establishing an evolutionary game model between the government environmental regulation intensities and the pollutant emissions from papermaking enterprises, this thesis further solves the model and performs stability analysis and finally uses MATLAB to conduct simulation studies. And the researching results show that papermaking enterprises will take risks to choose the illegal pollutant discharge strategies when the illegal profits are large. Further analysis shows that the increase in the successful probability of the strong environmental regulations does not necessarily force papermaking enterprises to choose to comply with pollution discharge regulations. However, papermaking enterprises may choose to comply with discharge pollution regulations not only by increasing the successful probability of strong environmental regulations but also by increasing the rewards and punishments for papermaking enterprises as well as by increasing the probability of reporting violations of pollutants. Based on the above results, the author proposes several countermeasures, such as establishing a specialized pollution monitoring agency, encouraging third-party supervision, reporting pollution behaviors, and increasing penalties for polluting companies for violations. China is in a critical period of transition from rapid development to high-quality development. It will provide some reliable references for the construction of a green economy and an ecological economy that the characteristics and relationships between the intensity of government environmental regulations and corporate pollution emissions revealed in this article.

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How Promotion Incentives and Environmental Regulations Affect China’s Environmental Pollution?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2907

Author(s):

Shiwen Liu ◽

Zhong Zhang ◽

Guangyao Xu ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Hongyuan Li

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Performance Appraisal ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Appraisal System ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Cooperation Mechanism ◽

Local Officials ◽

The Government

As for the academics and policymakers, more attention has been given to the issue on how to reduce environmental pollution through the cooperation of environmental regulation and local officials’ promotion incentives. With the use of a city-level panel data of 266 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2016, this study preliminary explores the impacts of environmental regulations, local officials’ promotion incentives, and their interaction terms on urban environmental pollution at national and regional levels by using the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that the impacts of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives on urban environmental pollution have achieved the desired goal with the other’s cooperation, and their interaction term’s coefficients on urban environmental pollution are significantly negative. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is established, and the uneven development of urban environmental pollution among different regions deserves more attention. In order to effectively reduce the level of urban environmental pollution in China, the government should focus on such solutions as enhancing the implementation and supervision efficiency of environmental regulation, optimizing the performance appraisal system of local officials, improving the synergistic effects of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives, and establishing a multi-scale spatial cooperation mechanism based on both geographical and economic correlations.

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Environmental Regulations (its Identification and Downstream Implementation in Bangka Belitung)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202124105002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 241 ◽

pp. 05002

Author(s):

Dwi Haryadi ◽

Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽

Darwance Darwance

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Regional Level ◽

Green Economy ◽

Government Regulations ◽

Strategic Issues ◽

Healthy Environment ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

Article 28H and section (4) of Article 33 in the Indonesian Constitution guarantee every citizen the right to a good and healthy environment with green economy. In order to implement it, the government issued Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. The environmental regulations that became the umbrella act are facing challenges both in substance and implementation. Substantially, questions remain whether the green constitution has been incarnated in this regulation, and how it positions itself as the umbrella act for a number of regulations. In implementation, the challenges include the availability of legislations, from government regulations to technical policy, and its implementation in regional level, both at the provincial and regency levels in Bangka Belitung Islands. In each regime, the environmental issues have always been a part of strategic issues. This research focused on identifying environmental regulations from upstream to downstream, and how they are implemented in the context of environmental issues due to tin mining in Bangka Belitung. Data were obtained through literature review using statute and conceptual approaches.

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Environmental regulations, capacity utilization, and high-quality development of manufacturing: an analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98787-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongyang Wang ◽

Baizhou Li

Keyword(s):

Environmental Regulation ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Capacity Utilization ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Quality Development ◽

High Quality ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe high-quality development of the manufacturing industry is an important strategic task for Chinese economic development. The rapid development of the manufacturing industry is also accompanied by problems such as overcapacity and environmental pollution. This paper analyzes the impact of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of manufacturing and establishes a nonlinear threshold regression model on this basis, and studies and analyzes environmental regulations as a threshold variable under the influence of capacity utilization rate on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. The research results show that: capacity utilization, profitability, foreign direct investment, and government participation all have a significant positive impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry; environmental regulations have a significant negative impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. And in the model of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, environmental regulation has a single threshold effect. With the increase in the intensity of environmental regulation, the coefficient and significance of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry have changed. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions based on the results of data analysis.

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Research on the Nonlinear Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Efficiency of China’s Regional Green Economy: Insights from the PSTR Model

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2021/5914334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Shuangliang Yao ◽

Xiang Su

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Threshold Model ◽

Resource Depletion ◽

Green Economy ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Regional Production ◽

The Impact

This paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the green economic efficiency considering undesired output and analyzes the spatial distribution difference of green economic efficiency; secondly, the nonlinear panel threshold model is used to empirically study the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and green economic efficiency, and further analyzed the threshold effect of environmental regulations on the efficiency of green economy and concluded as follows. (1) The green economy efficiency index in the eastern region is mostly more significant than 1, and the green economy efficiency in most provinces in the eastern region has improved. These provinces have higher regional production levels and less environmental pollution. The green economy efficiency of the central region is second only to the eastern region. The green economy efficiency of provinces in the western region except Chongqing is less than 1, indicating that these provinces have insufficient regional production, severe environmental pollution, or extensive resource depletion. (2) The impact of environmental regulations on the efficiency of the green economy presents an inverted “U” shape, with a threshold of 0.5128 for environmental regulations. The impact of the industrial structure on the efficiency of the green economy changes from inhibition to promotion after crossing the threshold of the intensity of environmental regulation, and the degree of opening to the outside world has a complementary effect on the efficiency of the green economy. The impact of urbanization on the efficiency of the green economy changes from promotion to suppression after surpassing the threshold of the intensity of environmental regulations.

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The Evolutionary Game Analysis of Public Opinion Supervision of Engineering Quality in the Network Citizen Journalism Environment

Mobile Information Systems ◽

10.1155/2021/4560580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yaohong Yang ◽

Yi Zeng ◽

Jing Dai ◽

Ying Liu

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Mobile Networks ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Citizen Journalism ◽

Game Model ◽

Self Healing ◽

The Public ◽

The Government

With the rapid development of mobile networks and citizen journalism, public opinion supervision has become an essential social supervision on engineering quality. They consider the dynamic characteristics of the spread process of public opinion and the game process of social supervision on engineering quality. The tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, contractors, and the public was constructed by coupling the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model of public opinion spread and the evolutionary game model. Then, the influence laws of public opinion spread on the tripartite evolutionary game were analyzed and discussed through numerical simulation analysis. The results show that the public with more significant influence or authority is more able to restrain the quality behavior of government and contractors; increasing the probability of transforming ignorant into latent, the probability of converting latent into the communicator and topic derivation rate or reducing the direct immunization self-healing can improve the effectiveness of public opinion supervision; the true online public opinion can effectively restrain the quality behavior of contractors and urge the government to supervise actively. The research conclusions can provide a reference for improving the social supervision mechanism of engineering quality in the era of network citizen journalism.

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Research on Green Collaborative Innovation Mechanism of Cloud Manufacturing Enterprises under Government Supervision

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/8820791 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Jiaqi Zhai ◽

Xinliang Xu ◽

Jianzhong Xu ◽

Xichen Lyu

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Load Capacity ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Cloud Manufacturing ◽

Equilibrium Strategy ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Manufacturing Enterprises ◽

Collaborative Innovation ◽

The Government

With the rapid development of information technology, the sharing economy based on “Internet plus” cloud platforms has become a new collaborative innovation mode and a hot topic in recent years. Considering that government regulation restricts green innovation cooperation among cloud manufacturing enterprises, an evolutionary game model involving the government and cloud manufacturing enterprises A and B with potential differences in their technology knowledge is established using evolutionary game theory. A replication dynamic equation is established, the evolutionarily stable equilibrium strategy of the three parties is analysed, and the key factors affecting the cooperative selection strategy of the government and cloud manufacturing enterprises are discussed through a MATLAB-based numerical simulation. This research shows that when governmental incentives and punishments, the platform load capacity, the trust between enterprises, the technology loss coefficient, and the informatization degree are increased, the government will tend to choose supervision, and cloud manufacturing enterprises A and B will tend to choose the “collaborative innovation” strategy. These results provide a scientific basis suggesting that the government should not only formulate rules and regulations for cloud manufacturing enterprises but also promote green collaborative innovation among such enterprises and enhance their core competitiveness.

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Effect of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Solid Waste Pollution in China: From the Perspective of Formal Environmental Regulation and Informal Environmental Regulation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17217798 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 7798

Author(s):

Bei Xiong ◽

Ruimei Wang

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Indicator Variable ◽

Industrial Solid Waste ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Government

To address the concern of environmental pollution, it is necessary to study the effect of environmental regulation on industrial solid waste emission reduction in China. This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of provincial environmental regulation (both formal and informal) on the industrial solid waste emission reduction. The results show that both the effect of formal and informal environmental regulations on industrial solid waste emission intensity present an inverted “U” shape. The threshold value of per capita GDP as an indicator variable is CNY 16,299 and CNY 15,572 respectively. The effect on pollution emission reduction will appear when the value is higher than the threshold, and the two-way transmission mechanism between formal and informal environmental regulations does exist. When GDP per capita exceeds CNY 27,961, there is a phenomenon of “rebound” in the effect of informal environmental regulation on pollution reduction. Based on the findings, it was suggested that both formal and informal environmental regulation should be promoted to achieve the goal of industrial solid waste emission reduction. The coordination between formal and informal environmental regulation should be considered when the government makes policies. Different environmental regulation policies should be implemented in different regions. Informal regulation should be enriched and further promoted. Environmental law should play an important role in maintaining the public’s participation in environmental regulation to prevent the failure of informal environmental regulation.

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Analysis of the Applicable Rate of Environmental Tax through Different Tax Rate Scenarios in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12104233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4233

Author(s):

Biao Hu ◽

Hongjia Dong ◽

Ping Jiang ◽

Jingan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Environmental Regulation ◽

Abatement Cost ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Environmental Tax ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Technological Transformation ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Tax Neutrality ◽

The Government ◽

Pollutant Discharge

Faced with increasing conflicts between economic and environmental development, it is extremely urgent to promote the green growth of enterprises. As an incentive environmental regulation measure, an environmental tax has been proven to effectively alleviate environmental problems and reduce corporate pollutant emissions. From the perspective of environmental tax equity and efficiency, this study collects more than 100,000 enterprises’ pollutant-discharge and pollutant-discharge fee data from 4300 pollutant disposal enterprises in Yunnan Province, China in 2017. The study analyzes the marginal abatement cost (MAC) of water pollution and air pollution in key industries by using the MAC accounting method. Under the three scenarios of low, medium and high tax rates set by the study, the study evaluates the applicable tax rates of environmental tax of enterprises under different tax rates. The main findings of the study are: (1) the MAC of pollutants in various industries is quite different in different industries; (2) the environmental tax rate of 2018 is generally low and is not enough to encourage enterprises to reduce more pollution; (3) most enterprises will not invest a large amount of funds to carry out technological transformation for green production, without the government’s mandatory environmental regulation measure. The study recommends that the government needs to increase the environmental tax rate, gradually approach the cost of corporate pollutant-treatment and force the technological transformation of enterprises. At the same time, the government itself needs to do a good job of tax neutrality, increase the compensation for environmental protection behaviors of enterprises, and encourage green development of enterprises. Finally, the taxation supervision should be strengthened, and the tax violations of enterprises should be checked strictly for avoidance of tax cuts against rules.

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Research on the Influence of Government Regulation on Green Technological Innovation of Strategic Emerging Industry

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129203009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 03009

Author(s):

Jing Gao ◽

Qiuhong Feng ◽

Wanfei Zhan

Keyword(s):

Technological Innovation ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Green Technology ◽

Green Economy ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Negative Externalities ◽

Emerging Industries ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

In the green economy, strategic emerging industries to implement Class II green technological innovation keep critical to obtain competitive advantages. The government regulation could effectively make up for the shortcomings of the negative externalities of green technological innovation. In order to further explore the impact of government regulation on Class I, II and III green technological innovation of strategic emerging industries, this article utilizes the strategic emerging industries as the main experimental subject. Through constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model of strategic emerging industries, the government and consumers, it reveals the process of the three-party discretionary selection in the process of green technology innovation, and acquires equilibrium strategies of the tripartite in the process of green technological innovation.

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Can China’s Environmental Regulations Effectively Reduce Pollution Emissions?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4658

Author(s):

Xi Chen ◽

Zhigang Chen

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Technological Progress ◽

Environmental Regulations ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Smooth Transition ◽

Pollution Emissions ◽

The Impact

Based on the provincial panel data of China during 2006–2017, this study uses the panel smooth transition (PSTR) model to study the dynamic transformation mechanism of pollution emission under environmental regulation. We focus on technological progress, economic growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) as threshold variables, and analyses the non-linear effects of environmental regulation on pollution emissions under those threshold variables, attempting to explore the effectiveness of existing environmental regulations. The structure of biased technological progress is based on the slacks-based measure (SBM) and Global-Malmquist–Luenberger index, which is divided into pollution-biased technology progress and clean-biased technology progress. Finally, we use the panel vector auto regressive (PVAR) algorithm to further verify the relationship. The findings are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation has a significant nonlinear effect on pollution emissions, and technological progress is the optimal threshold variable of this study. (2) Under the influence of these three factors, environmental regulation has a substitution effect on pollution discharge, and a stronger substitution effect on emission reduction in areas with advanced technology and high FDI. It also has a lower emission reduction effect in the high-system areas of economic development than in the low-system areas. (3) The PVAR results show that the impact on environmental regulation of technological progress and FDI has gradually turned from positive to negative; the impact of economic growth on environmental regulation has always been positive but is gradually decreasing. This study points out the direction for governments and companies to implement effective environmental regulations.

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