scholarly journals Changes in Salivary Levels of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Aspartate Aminotransferase after Playing Rugby Sevens: The Influence of Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Álvaro González Fernández ◽  
Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí ◽  
Lorena Franco-Martinez ◽  
Jose Joaquín Ceron ◽  
Gonzalo Mariscal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Before And After

Rugby sevens is characterised by continuous exertion and great physical contact per unit of time, leading to muscle damage. It is important to identify markers that can quantify muscle damage in order to improve recovery strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the release dynamics of muscle damage markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva samples when playing rugby sevens, analysing the influence of gender, during the rugby sevens university championship of Spain. The total sample included 27 athletes, divided into two teams of 14 men and 13 women between 18 and 31 years of age. CK, LDH, and AST were quantified from salivary samples collected from each athlete before and after three rugby sevens matches. The modified Borg scale of perceived exertion was also used after each match. When the results were analysed globally, there were no differences in CK and LDH before and after any match, but AST did show differences after two days of completing all matches. In terms of gender, the three enzymes showed different responses in men and women. Regarding the Borg scale, there were only significant differences between men and women after completing all mataches, with a greater perceived exertion in women. Based on our results, it can be stated that that serial matches of rugby sevens can cause changes of different magnitude in AST, CK and LDH activities in saliva, with AST showing the most significant variations and these changes are more pronounced in men than in women.

Production and certification of secondary enzyme reference materials (ERMs). Part 1: Preparation of the sera and some of their properties.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1901-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Koedam ◽  
G M Steentjes ◽  
S Buitenhuis ◽  
E Schmidt ◽  
R Klauke
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Clinical Enzymology

Abstract We produced three batches of a human-serum-based enzyme reference material (ERM) enriched with human aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). The added enzymes were not exhaustively purified; thus the final ERMs contained some enzymes as contaminants, of which only glutamate dehydrogenase activity might interfere. The stability during storage and after reconstitution was good. The commutability of the four enzymes in the three ERM batches was also good, except when German or Scandinavian methods for aminotransferases were involved. The temperature-conversion factors for the ERMs were equivalent to those for patients' sera. Reactivation after reconstitution was complete within 5 min and was independent of the temperature of the reconstitution fluid. We believe that these secondary ERMs will aid in the transfer of accuracy between well-defined reference methods and daily working methods so that clinical enzymology results will become more comparable from laboratory to laboratory.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Creatine Kinase and Aspartate Aminotransferase for Monitoring Muscle Effort in Working Dogs in Different Simulated Fieldworks

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Spinella ◽  
Simona Valentini ◽  
Vincenzo Musella ◽  
Enrico Bortolotti ◽  
Mirella Lopedote
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Unknown Area

The clinical profiles of muscle biomarkers (Creatine Kinase–CK-and Aspartate Aminotransferase–AST) performed during training may help in determining the fitness level of dogs and their potentiality to perform specific activities. This study investigated the potential variations of physiological parameters and muscular biomarkers in trained search and rescue dogs during search activity in two different areas. The aim was to verify the absence of any muscular enzymes after 20 min of search activity. The variations of physiological parameters (pulse rate; respiratory rate; rectal body temperature) and skeletal muscular biomarkers (CK and AST) were evaluated before and after search activity. Twenty-three trained dogs met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. One group experienced search activity in a well-known area, while the second one in a similar, but unknown, area. The results for physiological parameters and skeletal muscular biomarkers values showed no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05), confirming that an effective conditioning protects against enzymatic alteration during a 20 min duration of submaximal activity.

scholarly journals Local myotoxicity of ketamine hydrochloride in the marmoset

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Davy ◽  
P. N. Trennery ◽  
J. G. Edmunds ◽  
J. F. B. Altman ◽  
D. A. Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Injection Procedure

An investigation of raised plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in marmosets after intramuscular ketamine injection suggested a local myotoxicity. This was confirmed by a range of histopathological findings from myofibrillar striation loss to necrosis. In addition to the elevations in AST levels, creatine kinase and the lactate dehydrogenase-5 isoenzyme levels were elevated. It was further demonstrated that, although the physical properties of the injectable solution (pH, osmolality) and to a lesser extent the injection procedure itself caused slight changes in plasma enzyme levels, the ketamine was predominantly responsible for the lesion. No hepatic interactions were seen. This effect should be taken into consideration when this anaesthetic is used in the marmoset if the primary objectives of the experiment entail routine blood analyses.

Exercise training increases electron and substrate shuttling proteins in muscle of overweight men and women with the metabolic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin S. Hittel ◽  
William E. Kraus ◽  
Chuck J. Tanner ◽  
Joseph A. Houmard ◽  
Eric P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Aerobic conditioned muscle shows increased oxidative metabolism or glucose relative to untrained muscle at a given absolute exercise intensity. The studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise (STRRIDE) study is an aerobic exercise intervention in men and women with features of metabolic syndrome (Kraus WE, Torgan CE, Duscha BD, Norris J, Brown SA, Cobb FR, Bales CW, Annex BH, Samsa GP, Houmard JA, and Slentz CA, Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 1774–1784, 2001), with four muscle biopsies taken during training and detraining time points. Here, we expanded a previous study (Hittel DS, Kraus WE, and Hoffman EP, J Physiol 548: 401–410, 2003) and used mRNA profiling to investigate gene transcripts associated with energy and substrate metabolism in STRRIDE participants. We found coordinate regulation of key metabolic enzymes with aerobic training in metabolic syndrome (aspartate aminotransferase 1, lactate dehydrogenase B, and pyruvate dehydrogenase-α1). All were also quickly downregulated by detraining, although the induction was not an acute response to activity. Protein and enzymatic assays were used to validate mRNA induction with aerobic training and loss with detraining (96 h to 2 wk) in 10 male and 10 female STRRIDE subjects. We propose that training coordinately increases the levels of aspartate aminotransferase 1, lactate dehydrogenase B, and pyruvate dehydrogenase-α1 subunit, increasing glucose metabolism in muscle by liberating pyruvate for oxidative metabolism and, therefore, limiting lactate efflux. Serial measurement of fasting plasma lactate from 62 subjects from the same exercise group demonstrated a significant decrease of circulating lactate with training. We also found evidence for sex-specific molecular remodeling of muscle with ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II, a component of mitochondrial respiratory complex III, which showed an increase after training that was specific to women. These biochemical adaptations complement existing molecular models for improved glucose tolerance with exercise intervention in prediabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Diluents on the Activity of Several Enzymes Present in Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1080
Author(s):  
Ted W Fendley ◽  
Jane M Hochholzer ◽  
Christopher S Frings
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We have evaluated the effect of diluting serum with water or NaCl solution (8.5 or 9.0 g/liter) before assaying by a manual method for creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity. The t test and the F test show no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the assays at the 95% confidence level when 100 different samples were compared for each enzyme activity after use of the three diluents.

Creatine measurement in serum and urine with an automated enzymatic method

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Enzymatic Procedure ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract I describe an automated enzymatic procedure to quantitate creatine in both serum and urine. In this assay, which requires no pretreatment of the sample, creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.1.7.40) are used as auxiliary enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) is used in the indicator reaction. CK is also used as the starting reagent. Data obtained with the present method for creatine measurement in serum were compared with those from the Jaffé method and an enzymatic method: y = 1.13x - 7.58, SE = 4.48, and r = 0.925 (Jaffé); and y = 1.17x + 2.73, SE = 5.06, and r = 0.962 (enzymatic); for creatine measurement in urine: y = 0.63x + 39.74, SE = 296.7 and r = 0.719 (Jaffé). The present method provides improved precision: the total CVs for serum, determined by the present and comparative methods, respectively, were 3.5-8.9%, 8.2-43.0%, and 5.3-16%; for urine, the CVs were 3.3-5.1% and 9.6-21.2% for the present and comparative method, respectively. I established the normal reference interval as 13-74 and 13-89 mumol/L for creatine in serum, and as 175-700 and 150-1200 mumol/24 h for creatine in urine for men and women, respectively.

scholarly journals Amino Acids Changes and Muscle Damage During the 400 km Ultra Trail Gobi Race

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Guangyuan Huang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Shengting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Current researches demonstrated that completing the Ultra Trail Gobi (UTG) could lead to severe muscle damage. Our study was designed to analysis the muscle damage and amino acid changes reacted to a 400 km ultra-endurance race in experienced runners. Peripheral blood samples from 16 male athletes (mean age 40.3 ± 7.0 years, mean finish time 121.2 ± 21.8 hours), taken 48 h before and immediately after completing the Ultra Trail Gobi Race (UTG), were analyzed for 39 amino acids, 15 steroid hormones and 4 muscle damage factors. In all participants, the 4 biomarkers for muscle damage, i.e., creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the race, whose mean post-race values were 13.7-, 7.3-, 4.7- and 1.5-fold higher than the pre-race values, respectively. 5 amino acids, i.e., alanine, valine, proline, ornithine and citrulline showed significant decrease, whose mean values decreased by 40.4 ± 18.7%, 38.9 ± 9.3%, 48.1 ± 15.2%, 44.8 ± 15.1% and 23.4 ± 30.8% after the race, respectively. Our study revealed that progressive decline in amino acids contents may further contribute to the factors increasing the muscle damage during the UTG.

scholarly journals Cardiac Safety of Diclofenac at a Single Dose in Ram

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Er ◽  
Burak Dik ◽  
Orhan Corum ◽  
Gul Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Lipoprotein Level

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently prescribed drug group in human and veterinary medicine. However, diclofenac, a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, related to cardiotoxicity is reported, and blood cardiac damage markers may increase within the first hours after damage. The aim of the current research was to determine the effect of diclofenac on the blood cardiac damage markers. Single dose of diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg, IM) was injected to 6 rams. Blood samples were collected in before (0 hour, control) and 6 hours after injection. Specific (troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB) and nonspecific (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase) blood cardiac damage marker concentrations, routine biochemical (hepatic damage, renal damage, lipid metabolism, glucose, and phosphorus) parameters, and hemogram values were measured. Diclofenac increased (P<0.05) specific (troponin I) and nonspecific cardiac (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase), and muscular (creatine kinase) damage markers and high density lipoprotein level, while it decreased (P<0.05) low density lipoprotein level. Moreover, diclofenac decreased (P<0.05) white blood cell counts and increased (P<0.05) red blood cell counts. In conclusion, it may be stated that diclofenac shows slight cardiotoxicity, whereas it may show potent hepatic and muscular damage effects at an intramuscularly single dose in sheep. Thereby, repeated injections of diclofenac may be more harmful in sheep.

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