scholarly journals Personal and Environmental Risk Factors at Birth and Hospital Admission: Direct and Vitamin D-Mediated Effects on Bronchiolitis Hospitalization in Italian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Marco Zaffanello ◽  
Giuliana Ferrante ◽  
Salvatore Fasola ◽  
Michele Piazza ◽  
Giorgio Piacentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Seasonal variations in UV-B radiation may influence vitamin D status, and this, in turn, may influence the risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization. The aim of this study was using a causal inference approach to investigate, simultaneously, the interrelationships between personal and environmental risk factors at birth/hospital admission (RFBH), serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis hospitalization. A total of 63 children (<2 years old) hospitalized for bronchiolitis (34 RSV-positive) and 63 controls were consecutively enrolled (2014–2016). Vitamin D levels and some RFBH (birth season, birth weight, gestational age, gender, age, weight, hospitalization season) were recorded. The discovered RFBH effects on the risk ok bronchiolitis hospitalization were decomposed into direct and vitamin-D mediated ones through Mediation Analysis. Winter-spring season (vs. summer-autumn) was significantly associated with lower vitamin D levels (mean difference −11.14 nmol/L). Increasing serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 0.84 for a 10-nmol/L increase). Winter-spring season and gestational age (one-week increase) were significantly and directly associated with bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 6.37 and OR = 0.78 respectively), while vitamin D-mediated effects were negligible (1.21 and 1.02 respectively). Using a comprehensive causal approach may enhance the understanding of the complex interrelationships among RFBH, vitamin D and bronchiolitis hospitalization.

Association of Vitamin D Levels and Other Risk Factors with Asthma Exacerbations in Children

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Animal Dander

Background: The risk factors for asthma exacerbations are well understood. However, the effect of vitamin D levels on number of asthma exacerbations per year is not clearly studied. The objective of the study was to find out the association of serum vitamin D levels and asthma risk factors on asthma exacerbations. Methods: In this study, ninety-nine subjects from 5 to 15 years of age were recruited at an episode of acute exacerbation. It was a cross sectional study and carried out from 2012 to 2015. Pulmonary function test was done by spirometry. Asthma exacerbation was labeled when forced expiratory volume/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio was less than 80% (American Thoracic Society). Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines were used to classify asthma into mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence method. Pearson Chi-square test was applied and p value (p<0.05) was considered as statistically significant. Results: Children who had exposure to animal dander had significantly lower asthma exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). There was no significant association between vitamin D levels and number of exacerbations per years (p-value <0.099). Asthma was prevalent in girls of low socioeconomic status (SES) compared to males. However, there was no significant association between smoke, exercise, home environment, food allergies, weather, pollen and dust with asthma exacerbations. Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D were not associated with increased number of asthma exacerbations per year. However, children exposed to animal dander had lesser number of exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). Keywords: Asthma; Vitamin D; Children; Exacerbations, Risk factors.

scholarly journals Paediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ori Haddad ◽  
Yael Hacohen ◽  
Omar Abdel-Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are characterised by neurological deficits persisting for at least 24 hours, involving the optic nerve, spinal cord or brain with a clinical spectrum of diagnoses including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG-Ab associated disease (MOGAD). Important strides have been made in delineating MS from other ADS subtypes over the past decade, including the discovery of serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Ab).  Both genetic (e.g. human leukocyte antigen, HLA-DRB1*1501 allele) and environmental risk factors (e.g. low serum vitamin D levels and prior exposure to Epstein–Barr virus) may contribute to risk of MS in children.  Some of these risk factors not only confer increased susceptibility to MS but may also affect the disease course. Paediatric AQP4-Ab NMOSD is a rare disease worldwide but variations in incidence/prevalence have been described among different geographic regions and ethnicities. One-third of children who present with an ADS have MOG-Ab, and approximately half of patients with MOG-Ab have a relapsing disease course. It seems there is no racial or gender predominance in MOGAD, which is in contrast to the female and non-white predominance seen in both MS and NMOSD.‎  In this review, we examine the current literature regarding the epidemiology and demographics of these different ADS entities with a particular focus on the genetic and environmental risk factors for MS in children. While insights into disease pathophysiology in paediatric ADS have led recent therapeutic advances, well designed, collaborative large scale epidemiological studies are likely to provide the critical next step to a personalised approach to these conditions.

scholarly journals Association of Vitamin D Status with Chronic Disease Risk Factors and Cognitive Dysfunction in 50–70 Year Old Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Japneet Kaur ◽  
Steven Ferguson ◽  
Eduardo Freitas ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Debra Bemben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been primarily associated with skeletal disorders, however, since vitamin D receptors are found on multiple types of cells, there is also a link to increased chronic disease risk and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to examine whether deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels are associated with risk factors of chronic diseases and cognitive dysfunction in 50 to 70 year old adults. Participants completed the health status, three-day dietary record and vitamin D food frequency, sun exposure, and international physical activity questionnaires. Cognitive function of the participants was assessed using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics while body composition (percent body fat, android/gynoid ratio) was assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Applanation tonometry was used to obtain pressure wave forms at the radial artery to examine arterial stiffness and central pressures. A fasting blood draw was taken to measure vitamin D, blood lipid and glucose levels. Fifty percent of the participants (36/72) were vitamin D deficient/insufficient. Individuals in the low physical activity (PA) group had lower serum vitamin D concentration compared to those in the high PA group (p = 0.04). Moreover, serum vitamin D levels were negatively related to risk factors of chronic diseases; blood glucose (r = −0.38; p = 0.01), triglycerides (r = −0.27; p = 0.02), and android/gynoid ratio (r = −0.32; p = 0.01). Deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to the risk factors of chronic diseases in men and women aged 50 to 70 years.

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Health-Related Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Veysel Kara ◽  
Mehmet Naci Aldemir ◽  
Yasin Emrah Soylu ◽  
Yusuf Kemal Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objectives: Aim of the study was investigating the effect of serum vitamin D levels on health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Method: One-hundred and twenty-three maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients divided into 2 groups according to serum vitamin D levels. A serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) level of < 20 ng/mL was identified as vitamin D deficiency (n = 78), and a serum level of ≥20 ng/mL was identified as normal (n = 45). Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 (KDQOL-36) survey was used for quality of life measurement. Scores of the all of 5 subscales of KDQOL-36 were calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to define independent risk factors affecting the survey. Results: Mean age of patients was 62 and 56% of patients were male. Mean 25(OH) D levels were 11.86 and 29.57 ng/mL, respectively, in 2 groups. There was statistically significant difference between age and Kt/V levels between 2 groups (p = 0.008 and p = 0.041). Age and gender were found as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.026 and p = 0.021). In symptom and problem list subscale, gender and comorbidity were detected as independent risk factors (p = 0.050 and p = 0.032). Comorbidity was the only independent risk factor for effect of kidney disease subscale (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors associated with burden of kidney disease subscale were comorbidity and serum 25 (OH) D levels (p = 0.003 and p = 0.023). Serum 25(OH) D, gender, and comorbidity were independently associated with physical component summary (PCS) subscale (p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.011). The only independently associated factor with mental component summary (MCS) was serum 25(OH) D (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We first showed the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and KDQOL-36 in hemodialysis patients. Lower serum vitamin D levels were negatively associated with burden of kidney disease, PCS, and MCS subscales.

scholarly journals Serum vitamin D levels, diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J Maple-Brown ◽  
Jaquelyne T Hughes ◽  
Zhong X Lu ◽  
Kanakamani Jeyaraman ◽  
Paul Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Torres Strait

High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors among Employed Women in a Sunny Industrial City

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Hassannia ◽  
Ehsan GhaznaviRad ◽  
Rosita Vakili ◽  
Sohaila Taheri ◽  
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Employed Women

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern associated with the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders, particularly in women. Aim: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels and its deficiency and risk factors among employed women in a sunny industrial city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D levels, biochemical and hematological factors were assessed in 382 healthy employed women. Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean vitamin D serum level was 22 ± 19.8 ng/ml. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 62 % and 12.94 %, respectively. Deficiency was more common among younger subjects (< 29 years old). 23.5 % of subjects had normal and 1.35 % had toxic levels of vitamin D. Maximum serum level was observed in part-time job employees (33 ng/ml), and the lowest in Media and Culture Organizations (15 ng/ml).Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the lack of sunlight exposure at home, and taking anti-hypertensive medications. The common symptoms in deficiency condition were history of hyperlipidemia, depression, weakness, fatigue, finger tingling, leg cramps, and body and muscle pain. Moreover, LDL-cholesterol serum levels were significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group, with a prevalence of 40 %. Conclusion: The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency including depression, weakness, fatigue, tingling, leg cramps and body and muscle pain have been observed in more than 90 % after recruitment and treatment. Therefore, for improving the health and productivity of employees, a routine monitoring system for vitamin D and the other factors should be put in place.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women is not Associated to Fetal Growth Restriction: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
Vivian Macedo Gomes Marçal ◽  
Francisco Lázaro Pereira Sousa ◽  
Silvia Daher ◽  
Raquel Margiotte Grohmann ◽  
Alberto Borges Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Objective To assess maternal serum levels of vitamin D in fetuses appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and with fetal growth restriction (FGR) according to estimated fetal weight (EFW). Methods This cross-sectional study included 87 pregnant women between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation: 38 in the AGA group, 24 in the SGA group, and 25 in the FGR group. Maternal serum vitamin D levels were assessed using the chemiluminescence method. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the results between the groups. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of maternal age (years) and body mass index (kg/m2) in the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 25.26 ± 8.40 / 26.57 ± 4.37; 25.04 ± 8.44 / 26.09 ± 3.94; and 25.48 ± 7.52 / 26.24 ± 4.66, respectively (p > 0.05). The maternal serum vitamin D levels (mean ± SD) of the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 22.47 ± 8.35 ng/mL, 24.80 ± 10.76 ng/mL, and 23.61 ± 9.98 ng/mL, respectively, but without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.672). Conclusion Maternal serum vitamin D levels did not present significant differences among pregnant women with AGA, SGA, or FGR fetuses between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation according to EFW.

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Naila Makhani ◽  
Ilena George
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractBoth genetic and environmental risk factors may contribute to risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in children. Genetic risk factors include the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*1501 allele and other non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms. Environmental risk factors include parental smoking, low serum vitamin D levels, and prior exposure to Epstein–Barr virus. Some of these risk factors not only confer increased susceptibility to MS but may also alter the course of the disease. How different risk factors interact is a growing area of research. In this review, we examine the current literature regarding the genetic and environmental risk factors for MS in children.

scholarly journals The correlation of cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic findings with serum vitamin D levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tripathy S. K. ◽  
Dhal N. ◽  
Pattnaik S. ◽  
Routray S. N. ◽  
Das S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Family History ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

Background: Studies regarding correlation of various conventional risks factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are many. Keeping in mind the scarcity of studies regarding Vit-D Deficiency (VDD), a new risk factor in CAD, present study was conducted to correlate Vit-D level with conventional risk factors and Coronary Angiography (CAG).Methods: Hundred adult patients admitted to Medicine and Cardiology undergoing CAG with suspected or established CAD were kept in study. Patients having renal, hepatic, parathyroid disease, osteomalacia and patients taking drugs interfering with Vitamin D (Vit-D) metabolism were excluded. After detailed history and thorough clinical examination, routine investigations and 25-(OH) D level was estimated. Subsequently patients underwent CAG. Statistical analysis by Mann Whitey test and Chi-square Test was done and inference was drawn.Results: 100 patients in different age groups had hypertension (HTN) in 53, diabetics mellitus (DM) 39, dyslipidemia 62, smokers 38 and family history of CAD 19. CAG showed normal coronaries in 4, Single Vessel Disease (SVD) in 30, double vessel diseases (DVD) 43 and triple vessel disease (TVD) 22. Vit-D level <20ng/ml i.e. Vit-D deficiency (VDD) in 68, 20-30ng/ml i.e. Vit-D insufficiency (VDI) in 22 and >30ng/ml (normal) in 10. VDD was profound in 51-60 and 61-70 years age groups. Statistical correlation of VDD was not significant with conventional risk factors, but statistically significant correlation of VDD was observed with dyslipidemia and CAG findings in our study.Conclusions: Like earlier studies we observed significant correlation of Vit-D levels with CAD. Though dyslipidemia was significantly correlated with VDD, correlation of other conventional risk factors like age, sex, HTN, DM, smoking and family history was not found. We conclude from this study presence of significant association of VDD with severe CAD. DVD and TVD by CAG were common with low Vit-D levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document