scholarly journals Is Short-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Relevant to Childhood Kawasaki Disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Ji Hyen Lee ◽  
Eunji Kim ◽  
Soontae Kim ◽  
Hae Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vascular disease of unknown cause that affects the whole body. KD typically occurs in infants under the age of five and is found mainly in East Asian countries. Few studies have reported on the relationship between the pollutant PM2.5 and KD, and the evidence remains irrelevant or insufficient. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and KD hospitalizations using data from Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 2006 to 2016. Methods: We obtained data from the hospital EMR (electronic medical records) system. We evaluated the relationship between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and KD hospitalizations using a case-crossover design. We considered exposures to PM2.5 two weeks before the date of KD hospitalization. We analyzed the data using a conditional logistic regression adjusted for temperature and humidity. The effect size was calculated as a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. We performed a subgroup analysis by sex, season, age group, and region. In the two-pollutants model, we adjusted SO2, NO2, CO, and O3, but the effect size did not change. Results: A total of 771 KD cases were included in this study. We did not find any statistically significant relationship between PM2.5 and children’s KD hospitalization (two-day moving average: odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.95, 1.06; seven-day moving average: OR = 0.98, CI = 0.91, 1.06; 14-day moving average: OR = 0.93, CI = 0.82, 1.05). A subgroup analysis and two pollutant analysis also found no significant results. Conclusion: We did not find a statistically significant relationship between PM2.5 and children’s KD hospitalizations. More research is needed to clarify the association between air pollution, including PM2.5, and KD.

scholarly journals Short Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Mortality in the US: A Case-Crossover Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongqi Liu ◽  
Yaguang Wei ◽  
Xinye Qiu ◽  
Anna Kosheleva ◽  
Joel D. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Us States ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: Studies examining the association of short-term air pollution exposure and daily deaths have typically been limited to cities and used citywide averages for exposure. This study aims to estimate the associations between short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in multiple US states including rural areas.Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study examining the entire population of seven US states from 2000-2015, with over 3 million non-accidental deaths. Daily predictions of PM2.5, O3, and NO2 at 1x1 km grid cells across the contiguous US were linked to mortality based on census track and residential address. For each pollutant, we used conditional logistic regression to quantify the association between exposure and the relative risk of mortality conditioning on meteorological variables and other pollutants. Results: A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure at the moving average of lag 0-1 day and 10 ppb increase in NO2 exposure at lag 0-3 day were significantly associated with a 0.67% (95%CI: 0.34-1.01%) and 0.20% (95%CI: 0.00-0.39%) increase in the risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. A marginally significant association for mortality was observed with each 10 ppb increase in O3 exposure at lag 0-3 day. The adverse effects of PM2.5 on all-cause mortality persisted when restricting the analysis at lower levels.. PM2.5 was also significantly associated with respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 is associated with increased risks for all-cause mortality. Our findings delivered evidence that risks of death persisted at levels below currently permissible.

scholarly journals Effect of ambient fine particulates (PM2.5) on hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Ren ◽  
Xingyuan Liu ◽  
Tianyu Liu ◽  
Dieyi Chen ◽  
Kuizhuang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Central China ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Positive associations between ambient PM2.5 and cardiorespiratory disease have been well demonstrated during the past decade. However, few studies have examined the adverse effects of PM2.5 based on an entire population of a megalopolis. In addition, most studies in China have used averaged data, which results in variations between monitoring and personal exposure values, creating an inherent and unavoidable type of measurement error. Methods This study was conducted in Wuhan, a megacity in central China with about 10.9 million people. Daily hospital admission records, from October 2016 to December 2018, were obtained from the Wuhan Information center of Health and Family Planning, which administrates all hospitals in Wuhan. Daily air pollution concentrations and weather variables in Wuhan during the study period were collected. We developed a land use regression model (LUR) to assess individual PM2.5 exposure. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models were adopted to estimate cardiorespiratory hospitalization risks associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. We also conducted stratification analyses by age, sex, and season. Results A total of 2,806,115 hospital admissions records were collected during the study period, from which we identified 332,090 cardiovascular disease admissions and 159,365 respiratory disease admissions. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of a cardiorespiratory hospital admission. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (lag0–2 days) was associated with an increase in hospital admissions of 1.23% (95% CI 1.01–1.45%) and 1.95% (95% CI 1.63–2.27%) for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, respectively. The elderly were at higher PM-induced risk. The associations appeared to be more evident in the cold season than in the warm season. Conclusions This study contributes evidence of short-term effects of PM2.5 on cardiorespiratory hospital admissions, which may be helpful for air pollution control and disease prevention in Wuhan.

Tai Chi and vestibular rehabilitation effects on gaze and whole-body stability

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. McGibbon ◽  
David E. Krebs ◽  
Steven L. Wolf ◽  
Peter M. Wayne ◽  
Donna Moxley Scarborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Vestibular Rehabilitation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Gaze Stability ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
The Relationship

Tai Chi (TC) is a comparatively new intervention for peripheral vestibular hypofunction, which is often treated with vestibular rehabilitation (VR). We compared gaze stability (GZS), whole-body stability (WBS) and footfall stability (FFS) during locomotion among 26 people with vestibulopathy (VSP), randomized into two treatment arms (13 TC and 13 VR). Each intervention program was offered for 10 weeks. GZS improved more for VR than for TC, but WBS (and FFS) improved more for TC than for VR. There was a significant relationship between changes in GZS and WBS for the VR subjects (r = 0.60, p = 0.01), but not for TC subjects. There was a significant relationship between changes in WBS and FFS for both VR (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and TC (r = 0.58, p = 0.02) groups; the relationship disappeared in the VR but not the TC group when controlling for GZS. These findings suggest that VR and TC both benefit patients with VSP but via differing mechanisms. Moreover, these data are the first to test the assumption that improving gaze control among patients with VSP perforce improves postural stability: it does not. We conclude that GZS is most improved in those who receive VR, but that TC improves WBS and FFS without improving GZS, suggesting patients with VSP can rely on non-gaze related mechanisms to improve postural control.

scholarly journals DETERMINANT ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHANGE OF INDONESIA'S EXPORT PRODUCT

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-348
Author(s):  
Sarwedi Sarwedi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Export Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study analyzes the effects of structural economic movement on the change of indonesia’s exports and examines the validity of the ignacy theory concerning structural economic movement in relation to the changes of of export composition. The study utilize an ordinary mechanism of WLS, namely the Wald model.The estimation resulted through the combination of ECM and WLS shows that the price of export goods/merchandises has a positive effect and is significant in the short-term. Yet, over the long-term period, the increase in export commodity price causes the decrease in export volumes. Meanwhile, the relationship between export volume and inflation is not significant, either in the short-term or long-term.  Foreign exchange interestingly has a positive and significant relationship with the export volume over a short-term period, but in the long-term it has a reverse effect, that is, it decreases export volume. Foreign investment has a positive and significant relationship with export volume in the long-term, the significance, however, weakens over the short-term period.The structural economic movement has a positive and significant relationship over a short-term period with export volume, but over long-term period the relationship is not statistically strong. Thus, the structural economic movement towards more on the growth of industry sector could stimulate the growth in export aggregately. This evidence provides further support on the Ignacy theory (1980) if it is applied on Indonesian international economy, especially for the period of 1983-1997.JEL Classification: C32, F14, O24Keyword: Weighted Least Square, Error Correction Model, Structural Economic Movement, Export Change

Investigating the relationship between central nervous system biomarkers and short-term exposure to PM10-bound metals during dust storms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2022-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Badeenezhad ◽  
Mohammad Ali Baghapour ◽  
Armin Sorooshian ◽  
Mojtaba Keshavarz ◽  
Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Associations between changes in adipokines and exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter in ambient air in Beijing residents with and without pre-diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001215
Author(s):  
Wu Chen ◽  
Yiqun Han ◽  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xinghua Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

ObjectiveExposure to particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor to diabetes, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Adipokines play important roles in glucose metabolism. This study examined the associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM and adipokine levels and evaluated whether metabolic disorders could enhance susceptibility to PM-induced health effects.Research design and methodsIn a panel study (SCOPE, Study Comparing the Cardiometabolic and Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution Exposure on Healthy and Pre-diabetic Individuals) in Beijing, China, 60 pre-diabetic individuals and 60 healthy controls completed two to seven clinical visits. The associations between serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels and the moving average (MA) mass concentration of PM2.5 and number concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) and accumulation-mode particles (AMP) during the 1–14 days prior to clinical visits, and the effects of metabolic disorders on any such associations, were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsShort-term exposure to ambient UFP and AMP was inversely associated with adipokine levels at 1–14 days prior to clinical visits. For example, each IQR increment in 1 day MA UFP exposure (6.0×103/cm3) was associated with −14.0% (95% CI −20.9%, −6.4%), −6.6% (95% CI −12.4%, −0.4%), and −8.5% (95% CI −14.5%, −2.2%) changes in adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels, respectively. There was no significant association between adipokine levels and PM2.5 exposure. UFP and AMP exposure was associated with a greater decrease in adiponectin level and a weaker change in leptin level among participants with high insulin resistance levels. Glucose status did not modify PM-induced changes in adipokine levels.ConclusionHigh level of insulin resistance could aggravate the adverse metabolic impact of exposure to UFP and AMP.

scholarly journals Association of Short-Term Particulate Matter Exposure among 5-Year Cancer Survivors with Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7996
Author(s):  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Daein Choi ◽  
Seogsong Jeong ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Study Population

The association of short-term particulate matter concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among cancer survivors is yet unclear. Using the National Health Insurance Service database from South Korea, the study population consisted of 22,864 5-year cancer survivors with CVD events during the period 2015–2018. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, each case date (date of incident CVD) was matched with three or four referent dates, resulting in a total of 101,576 case and referent dates. The daily average particulate matter 10 (PM10), 2.5 (PM2.5), and 2.5–10 (PM2.5–10) on the day of case or referent date (lag0), 1–3 days before the case or referent date (lag1, lag2, and lag3), and the mean value 0–3 days before the case or referent date (lag0–3) were determined. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD according to quartiles of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10. Compared to the 1st (lowest) quartile of lag0–3 PM10, the 4th (highest) quartile of lag0–3 PM10 was associated with higher odds for CVD (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.21). The 4th quartiles of lag1 (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.19), lag2 (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16), lag3 (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.12), and lag0–3 (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18) PM2.5 were associated with higher odds for CVD compared to the respective 1st quartiles. Similarly, the 4th quartile of lag0–3 PM2.5–10 was associated with higher CVD events (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19) compared to the 1st quartile. Short-term exposure to high levels of PM may be associated with increased CVD risk among cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ozone pollution: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Marie Albert ◽  
Mohamed Lemdani ◽  
Damien Cuny ◽  
Patrick Duriez ◽  
Joséphine Escutnaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The People ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: Air pollution is increasingly associated with cardiovascular events. As for ozone (O3 ) pollution, results are inconsistent though O3 levels are associated with hospital admissions, global mortality, and respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, the associations between short-term exposure to O3 (on an hourly and daily scale) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) were investigated. Specific subgroups were explored by sex, age, diabetes status, for OHCA during non-holiday periods. Data were collected in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, France, in 2015. Data were statistically analyzed using conditional logistic regression (CLR). Results: The study included 1039 cases of OHCA. Significant negative associations were found between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 3 or 4 days before the arrest for all the people, and 1, 2 or 3 days before the arrest for men. As for OHCA during non-holiday periods, there was no significant negative associations but a positive association was revealed for women between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 5 days before the arrest (OR=1.53, P=0.008). Conclusion: According to the results, OHCA should be investigated during non-holiday periods to control potential confounders that would lead to negative associations. Women might be a susceptible subgroup to O3 pollution.

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