scholarly journals Risk Behaviours Associated with Dating and Relationship Violence among 11–16 Year Olds in Wales: Results from the 2019 Student Health and Wellbeing Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Danielle V. R. Couturiaux ◽  
Honor Young ◽  
Rebecca E. Anthony ◽  
Nicholas Page ◽  
Emily Lowthian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
School Health ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

(1) Background: This study examines the associations between risk behaviours and adolescent emotional and physical dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimisation and perpetration, and how these vary by gender. The risk behaviours explored include bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, alcohol, and cannabis use; (2) Methods: Cross-sectional self-report data from the School Health Research Network (SHRN) 2019 Student Health Wellbeing (SHW) survey of 48,397 students aged 11–16 from 149 schools across Wales were analysed using single and multiple-behaviour logistic regression models to explore the associations between each risk behaviour and emotional and physical DRV victimisation and perpetration; (3) Results: Bivariate analyses revealed a statistically significant association between DRV and all risk behaviours. In multivariate analyses, students who reported bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, and substance use, compared to those that had not, had significantly higher odds of experiencing and perpetrating emotional and physical DRV; and (4) Conclusions: Future studies on DRV should consider a mixed-methods approach to explore the context in which DRV and risk behaviours interrelate. Results from this study indicate the possibility that prevention and intervention programmes in school settings that seek to develop healthy school environments and peer-to-peer relationships, could inadvertently reduce the occurrence of future DRV and associated risk behaviours.

scholarly journals Dating and relationship violence victimization and perpetration among 11–16 year olds in Wales: a cross-sectional analysis of the School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor Young ◽  
Sara Jayne Long ◽  
G J Melendez-Torres ◽  
Hyun Sue Kim ◽  
Gillian Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background This study examines the prevalence of dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration, and associations between DRV and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional self-report data from 74 908 students aged 11–16 from 193 schools across Wales were collected and analysed using generalized estimating equations to examine prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical DRV victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration. Results More girls reported emotional victimization (28%) and perpetration (18%) than boys (20% and 16%, respectively). More girls (8%) than boys (7%) reported physical perpetration. However, boys (17%) reported more physical victimization than girls (12%). Age-related trajectories of DRV victimization and perpetration were stronger in girls than in boys. Students from single or step parent homes, those in care, and certain ethnic minority groups had increased odds of DRV. No association was found between socioeconomic status and DRV. Conclusions Age-related trajectories and the lack of social patterning by socioeconomic status point to the value of early, universal interventions, while some evidence of ethnic patterning and family structure-related risk factors suggest areas for further research and targeted interventions. DRV continues to be a major public health problem for which little UK-specific intervention evidence exists.

Modelli di relazioni con i coetanei e adattamento psicosociale in adolescenza: una ricerca cross-nazionale e longitudinale

2009 ◽  
pp. 135-164
Author(s):  
Emanuela Rabaglietti ◽  
Silvia Ciairano
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

- The study is aimed at constructing a typology of patterns of peer relationships in Italy and the Netherlands and at investigating the longitudinal relationships with beliefs and expectations about relationships and school, psychological discomfort and antisocial and risky behaviour. 439 adolescents of both gender, aged from 15 to 20 years participated at the study. We described four patterns of 158 peer relationships: Isolated (dimension of network, time spent with friends and support perceived by friends were all low), Deep (only perceived support was high; more frequent among girls in both countries), Superficial (only quantitative aspects were high; more frequent among boys), Integrated (both quantitative and qualitative aspects). We found both stability (higher among Superficial and Integrated) and change (higher among Isolated and Deep). The Isolated showed the lowest beliefs and expectations and involvement in risk behaviours, the Deep and the Superficial showed intermediate levels of both beliefs and risk behaviour, and the Integrated showed the highest levels. We also found a great similarity in the links among relational models, beliefs, psychological discomfort and risk behavior in Italian and Dutch adolescents. However, when adopting the same relational model, the Italians perceived higher sense of alienation and depressive feelings and were more involved in lying and disobedience than the Dutch.

scholarly journals Family and School Context: Effects on the Mental Health of Brazilian Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6042
Author(s):  
Daise Fernanda Santos Souza Escobar ◽  
Thais Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll ◽  
Matias Noll
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
School Health ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
School Context ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian Students

Mental health during adolescence can affect an individual’s long-term quality of life. However, the effects of family and school contexts on students’ mental health have been little explored. This study aims to analyze the relationships between family and school life and feelings of loneliness and trouble sleeping owing to worries in adolescents. The data from this cross-sectional study were obtained from Brazil’s National School Health Survey (PeNSE), which obtained its data through questionnaires. This study’s sample consisted of 102,072 ninth-grade students aged between 11 and 19 years, 52,782 (51.7%) of whom were female, enrolled in public and private schools throughout Brazil. The methodology consisted of an analysis using the Poisson regression model. Regarding the family context, mental health issues were associated with hunger, distant relationships with parents, and family violence. Regarding the school context, feelings of loneliness and trouble sleeping were associated with poor peer relationships, insecurity at school, and schools in more violent areas. This study contributes to the elaboration of public policies aimed at bringing awareness to family members and school bodies that indicators of mental health in adolescents are influenced by the quality of bonds established within these environments.

Cardiovascular risk behaviour is an emerging health issue in developing countries: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-690
Author(s):  
Lemma B Negesa ◽  
Judy Magarey ◽  
Philippa Rasmussen ◽  
Jeroen ML Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours

Background: Low and middle-income countries are facing a high burden of cardiovascular disease while there is limited availability of resources and evidence to educate and modify lifestyle behaviours in the population as well as to guide policy making. Aim: The goal of the present study was to quantify the prevalence of different cardiovascular risk behaviours among patients with known cardiovascular conditions in a developing country. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in two referral hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Outpatients who had a confirmed diagnosis of cardiovascular disease were recruited for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with patients using validated tools. Results: A total of 287 cardiovascular disease patients was recruited, of which 56.4% were women and 90.2% were urban residents. Most patients had inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables, 51.6% were physically inactive, 20% were current khat chewers, 19% were current alcohol drinkers and only 1% were current smokers. Approximately one-third (30%) of the patients had one of these risk behaviours, more than half (51.9%) had two, 15% had three and 3.1% had four risk behaviours. The majority (70%) of the patients had multiple (more than two) risk behaviours. The prevalence of multiple risk behaviours did not significantly vary with sex, residence and educational level differences ( P>0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease patients continue to follow unhealthy lifestyles although they attend follow-up care with a specific focus on risk management. The findings of this study provide evidence for policy makers that health services reform is required to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours for the patients.

Sexual risk behaviours and HIV-1 prevalence among urban men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl Burrell ◽  
Daniella Mark ◽  
Robert Grant ◽  
Robin Wood ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Distinct homosexual and heterosexual HIV epidemics have previously been recognised in South Africa. However, linked HIV prevalence and self-reported sexual risk behaviour data have not been reported for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Cape Town since 1986. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, venue-based HIV risk behaviour and prevalence study of 542 self-identified MSM in greater Cape Town using a self-administered risk questionnaire and the OraSure® testing device to asses HIV-1 prevalence. Results: This sample had an overall HIV prevalence of 10.4% (56/539). We found that self-identifying as gay, homosexual or queer (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–20.0) and reporting ever having had a sexually transmissible infection diagnosis (AOR 4.3, 95% CI: 2.3–8.3) were significantly predictive of testing HIV-1 positive, while reporting unprotected anal intercourse with a known HIV-negative partner (AOR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.9) was significantly protective. Conclusion: These data suggest a mature epidemic with consistent high-risk taking among MSM in Cape Town, and significant associations of select self-reported risk behaviours and HIV-1 serostatus. There is a need for continued and robust HIV surveillance along with detailed risk behaviour trends over time to inform the development of targeted risk-reduction interventions for this population.

Household Smoking Restrictions and Adolescent Smoking

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie B. Fisher ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff ◽  
Carlos A. Camargo ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Peer Smoking ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose. To examine the association between household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking, controlling for parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco marketing. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of 1999 data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of adolescents. Setting. Self-report questionnaire. Subjects. 10,593 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Measures. The dependent variable was established smoking (smoking ≥ 100 cigarettes). Variables of interest were household smoking restrictions, parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco promotional item (TPI) possession. Results. Four percent of participants reported that their households permitted smoking. Parental smoking, peer smoking, and TPI possession were significantly associated with established smoking. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, peer smoking, and TPI possession, adolescent smoking was inversely related to the presence of a restrictive household policy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.93); however, when parental smoking was added to this model, the association was attenuated (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.65–1.35). When only one parent in the household smoked, smoking restrictions were more common when this parent was the father. Conclusions. Although household smoking restrictions offer health benefits, they do not appear to be associated with adolescent smoking after accounting for other factors. Prior studies did not include parental smoking, peer smoking, and marketing influences. This analytic difference may explain apparent contradictions in the literature.

Media exposure, interactive health literacy, and adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sudo ◽  
Yoshiki Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
School Health ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High School Grades ◽  
School Health Education ◽  
Interactive Health

Abstract Background: Few studies have investigated interactive health literacy (IHL)’s relationship with adolescents’ smoking-related behavior. This study investigated IHL’s association with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking. Materials and methods: We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study of Japanese students enrolled in public junior high school, grades 7–9 (n=1937), who completed a self-report questionnaire. Variables were grade, gender, media exposure [television (TV), internet, and magazines], IHL (interest in learning about health, understanding what they hear about health, trying to follow what is taught about health), and susceptibility to future smoking. Results: Significant findings were: [1] media exposure was positively associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking (TV: p<0.01, internet: p<0.01, magazines: p<0.01); [2] IHL was negatively associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking (interest in learning about health: p<0.001; understanding what they hear about health: p<0.05; trying to follow what is taught about health: p<0.001). IHL’s influence on susceptibility to future smoking was found to be marginally stronger than that of media exposure. Conclusion: School health-education programs that promote adolescents’ IHL may effectively reduce adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking.

Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviours

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviours among adolescents in four Southeast Asian countries.MethodsIn the cross-sectional “Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”, 24,423 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years, SD=1.7) from Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste responded to a questionnaire in 2015.ResultsOverall, 8.5% of the students (11.0% males and 6.3% females) ever had sex, ranging from 5.3% in Indonesia to 26.4% in Timor-Leste. Among the sexually active, 49.3% (55.9% males and 36.8% females) had their first sexual intercourse before the age 14 years, ranging from 16.1% in Laos to 73.9% in Indonesia, 59.7% (62.6% males and 53.5% females) had multiple sexual partners, ranging from 55.5% in Timor-Leste to 63.4% in Indonesia, 46.9% (46.8% males and 46.5% females) did not use a condom at last sex, ranging from 37.0% in Thailand to 65.3% in Indonesia, 49.8% (53.7% males and 43.7% females) had not used or did not know of the use of birth control at last sex, ranging from 40.6% in Thailand to 61.5% in Timor-Leste, and 54.2% (54.9% males and 47.0% females) engaged in multiple sexual risk behaviour, ranging from 45.9% in Laos to 78.0% in Indonesia. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex, older age, food insecurity, tobacco use, alcohol use, ever cannabis and/or amphetamine use, psychological distress, and school truancy were associated with two or more and/or multiple sexual risk behaviours.ConclusionsA high proportion of students engaged in various sexual risk behaviours calling for a scale up comprehensive sexuality education and integration of substance use and mental health into such intervention programmes in this adolescent school population.

Exposure to Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Breastfeeding Outcomes of WIC Participants in Maryland

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442199377
Author(s):  
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Susan M. Gross ◽  
Amy Resnik ◽  
Nadine Rosenblum ◽  
Chloe Dillaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

Background The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative is an effective intervention to support maternal practices around breastfeeding. However, adherence of hospitals to the Baby-Friendly 10 Steps, as determined from the perspective of women participating in the United States Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, has not been assessed. Research Aims (1) To compare maternal perceptions about maternity practices in Baby-Friendly Hospitals and non-Baby-Friendly Hospitals; (2) to evaluate the associations between degree of exposure to the Baby-Friendly 10 Steps and breastfeeding practices through the first 6 months; and (3) to evaluate whether the receipt of specific Steps was associated with breastfeeding practices through 6 months. Methods This study was a cross-sectional 2 group comparison, using prospective data collected through a self-report telephone survey and retrospective data gathered from participants’ records. Women ( N = 182) participating in four Maryland Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children agencies were recruited. One hundred and eight (59%) participants delivered at designated Baby-Friendly Hospitals; 74 (41%) delivered in non-Baby-Friendly designated hospitals. Logistic regression models were utilized to determine the influence of perceived Step adherence on exclusive breastfeeding. Results Reported adherence to 10-Steps policies ranged from 10%–85% (lowest for Step 9, highest for Step 10) and only Step 9 (give no pacifiers or artificial nipples to breastfeeding infants) differed according to Baby-Friendly Hospital status. Greater exposure to the 10 Steps was positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization. The lack of perceived adherence to Step 6 (no food or drink other than human milk), Step 9, and the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (no formula, bottles, or artificial nipples) significantly decreased the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months. Conclusion Maternal perception of Baby-Friendly Step adherence was associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Sexual Risk Behaviour Among School-going Adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. A Secondary Analysis of the 2017 Global School Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bai James ◽  
Augustus Osborne ◽  
Abdulai Jawo Bah ◽  
Emmanuel Kamanda Margao ◽  
Mohamed Conteh-Barat
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
School Health ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviours

Abstract Background: There is very little information on sexual risk behaviour among Sierra Leone and Liberia school-going adolescents. The present study assessed the prevalence and determinants of sexual risk behaviours among school-aged adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Method: We used publicly available nationally representative cross-sectional datasets of the 2017 Sierra Leone and Liberia Global school health survey. The sample consisted of 2798 and 2744 school-going adolescents from Sierra Leone and Liberia, respectively. Results: The majority of adolescents in the two countries were involved in multiple sexual risk behaviour (80.2%), with higher prevalence observed in Sierra Leone (85.2%) than in Liberia (75.3%), Liberian adolescents showed lesser odds of indulging in multiple sexual risk behaviours than their Sierra Leonean counterparts (AOR=0.572; 95%CI: 0.345-0.946). Male compared to females were more likely to engage in multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=2.310;95%CI:1.543-3.458), with a similar pattern observed in both countries. Alcohol use was associated with multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=3.064; 95%CI: 2.137-4.392). Also, in Sierra Leone and Liberia, adolescents with one and two or more forms of psychological distress were more likely to have ever had sex than those who do show any form of psychological distress. Missing class/school was associated with multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=1.655; 95%CI:1.133-2.418). Peer support was only found to be a protective factor against no condom use among Liberian adolescents (AOR=0.608; 95%CI: 0.435-0.850). Less parental support was only associated with ever had sex more likely to have ever had sex as seen among adolescents in Sierra Leone (AOR=2.027; 95%CI: 1.322-3.107) but not Liberia (1.034(0.650-1.644). Conclusion: Our study found a high sexual risk behaviour among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Our finding highlights the need to strengthen sexual and reproductive health education in schools and communities that incorporate mental health promotion activities tailored to this group.

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