The Relation between Functional Performance, Falls and Previous Falls Among Participants in the Otago Programme: A Secondary Data Analysis

Fall prevention is a key priority in healthcare policies. Multicomponent exercises reduce the risk of falls. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between functional performance and falls after following the Otago multicomponent exercise programme and previous falls. A prospective multi-centre intervention study was performed on 498 patients aged over 65 in primary care, with or without a history of previous falls. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and functionality data were collected. The primary outcome was the occurrence of falls; functional performance was measured using the Tinetti, Short Physical Performance Battery and Timed Up and Go tests. Among the patients, 29.7% referred to previous falls. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in falls at 6 months (10.1%) and at 12 months (7.6%) among participants with previous falls in the baseline assessment compared to those without. In addition, the existence of previous falls could be considered a risk factor at 6 and 12 months (OR =2.37, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.76, p = 0.046, respectively). With regard to balance and gait, differences between the groups were observed at 6 months in the Tinetti score (p < 0.001) and in the baseline assessment Timed Up and Go score (p < 0.044). Multicomponent exercises improve the fall rate, balance and gait in older people, although this improvement is less in people with previous falls. Earlier intervention and tailoring of exercises in patients with previous falls could help improve outcomes.

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Minimal shoes improve stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78862-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomasz Cudejko ◽

James Gardiner ◽

Asangaedem Akpan ◽

Kristiaan D’Août

Keyword(s):

Fall Prevention ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Stability Margin ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Balance Test ◽

Margin Of Stability ◽

Eyes Open ◽

History Of ◽

Falls In Older Adults

AbstractPostural and walking instabilities contribute to falls in older adults. Given that shoes affect human locomotor stability and that visual, cognitive and somatosensory systems deteriorate during aging, we aimed to: (1) compare the effects of footwear type on stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls, and (2) determine whether the effect of footwear type on stability is altered by the absence of visual input or by an additional cognitive load. Thirty participants performed standing and walking trials in three footwear conditions, i.e. conventional shoes, minimal shoes, and barefoot. The outcomes were: (1) postural stability (movement of the center of pressure during eyes open/closed), (2) walking stability (Margin of Stability during normal/dual-task walking), (3) mobility (the Timed Up and Go test and the Star Excursion Balance test), and (4) perceptions of the shoes (Monitor Orthopaedic Shoes questionnaire). Participants were more stable during standing and walking in minimal shoes than in conventional shoes, independent of visual or walking condition. Minimal shoes were more beneficial for mobility than conventional shoes and barefoot. This study supports the need for longitudinal studies investigating whether minimal footwear is more beneficial for fall prevention in older people than conventional footwear.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, GIVING IMMUNIZATION, AND HISTORY OF INFECTION DISEASE WITH THE STUNTING OF CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHS IN PUSKESMAS MULYOREJO, SURABAYA

Media Gizi Kesmas ◽

10.20473/mgk.v10i1.2021.72-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Melvanda Gisela Putri ◽

Roedi Irawan ◽

Indri Safitri Mukono

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Z Score ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan kondisi pertumbuhan tinggi badan kurang berdasarkan umur disesuaikan dengan Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting pada balita dapat diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi yakni diare dan ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan penyakit infeksi terhadap stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Besar sampel adalah 107 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. terdiri dari 25 anak kelompok stunting dan 82 anak kelompok non- stunting. Cara pengambilan data melalui data sekunder posyandu dan wawancara langsung orang tua anak dengan pengisian kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan suplementasi vitamin A dengan stunting (p=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian imunisasi terhadap stunting (p=0,332). Dalam riwayat penyakit infeksi, frekuensi diare dan ISPA ditemukan tidak ada hubungan dengan stunting (p=0,053 dan p=0,082), begitu pula pada lama diare dan lama ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan stunting (p= 0,614 dan p=0,918).Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting yang diamati pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Kata kunci: kejadian stunting, vitamin A, imunisasi, penyakit infeksi, anak usia 24-59 bulanABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a term that describes condition of lower height-for-age Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting among children can be caused by a lack of nutrients needed for children's growth. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization and a history of infectious diseases, namely diarrhea and ARI to the incidence of stunting.Objectives: To determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization, and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample size was 107 children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. This study consisted of 25 children in the stunting group and 82 children in the non-stunting group. The method of data collection was through secondary data from posyandu and direct interviews with parents by filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact, and Mann Whitney.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between vitamin A supplementation and with stunting (p = 0.000). There was no relationship between immunization and stunting (p = 0.332). In the history of infectious diseases, the frequency of diarrhea and ARI was found to have no relationship with stunting (p = 0.053 and p = 0.082), as well as the duration of diarrhea and duration of ARI there was no association with the stunting (p = 0.614 and p = 0.918).Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation has significant relationship with stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.

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Exploring Fear of Falling and Exercise Self-Efficacy in Older Women With Vertebral Fractures

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2019-0485 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Matteo Ponzano ◽

Jenna C. Gibbs ◽

Jonathan D. Adachi ◽

Maureen C. Ashe ◽

Angela M. Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Fracture ◽

Older Women ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Secondary Data ◽

History Of ◽

Pain At Rest ◽

Health Status Questionnaires ◽

The Relationship

Fear of falling is a common issue among older adults, which decreases quality of life and leads to an avoidance of activities they are still able to do. The goal of this secondary data analysis was to explore the relationship between fear of falling and exercise self-efficacy in 141 women with at least one nontraumatic Genant Grade 2 vertebral fracture. Fear of falling, exercise self-efficacy, history of falling, the number of falls, the use of assisting devices, and pain at rest or during movement were obtained using medical history and health status questionnaires. There was a negative association between fear of falling and exercise self-efficacy (pseudo R2 = .253; p = .004), which persisted when the analysis was adjusted for history and number of falls, use of assistive devices, and pain at rest (pseudo R2 = .329; p < .0001) or during movement (pseudo R2 = .321; p < .0001). Fear of falling may be negatively associated with exercise self-efficacy in older women with vertebral fracture.

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Impact of insomnia on self-perceived health in the elderly

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20170031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 277-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janiciene Silva ◽

Annibal Truzzi ◽

Fayanne Schaustz ◽

Roberta Barros ◽

Marisa Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Perceived Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Familial Support ◽

Katz Index ◽

Risk Of Falls

ABSTRACT Health self-perception is a strong indicator of the health of a population. Objective To investigate the association between self-perceived health, and sociodemographic and clinical factors in a sample of elderly outpatients in Rio de Janeiro. Methods A sample of 345 elderly patients was assessed with an anamnesis, Lawton and Brody’s Scale, Katz Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Index. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictors of self-perceived health. Results Risk of falls, frailty, functional performance on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, insomnia, and familial support were related to self-perceived health. Insomnia was the variable that strongly influenced self-perceived health (OR = 0.47, CI 95%: 0.28–0.80, p = 0.01) in our sample. Conclusions The investigation of insomnia in the elderly should be routinely performed in primary care, because of the negative impact it imposes on the health of this population.

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The relationship between timed up and go test, calcidiol levels, and history of falls and fractures in osteoporotic postmenopausal women

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.693 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. S196

Author(s):

M. Bernad Pineda ◽

C. Gonzalez Fernandez ◽

M. Fernandez Prada ◽

J. Fernandez Campillo ◽

R. Maeso Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

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CORRELATION BETWEEN IMMUNIZATION STATUS AND MOTHER’S HEIGHT, AND STUNTING IN CHILDREN 2–5 YEARS IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v8i12020.89-96 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Risna Nur Fajariyah ◽

Atik Choirul Hidajah

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽

History Of ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

The Relationship ◽

Height Data ◽

Living Area ◽

Immunisation Status

Background: Stunting is a condition where the growth and development of a child fails during the first 1,000 days of life. The number of stunted children in Indonesia has increased from 35.60% in 2010 to 37.20% in 2013. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between immunisation status and stunting in children 2–5 years. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis with cross-sectional study design. The data used for this study were obtained from Indonesia Family Live Survey wave 5. IFLS 5 was conducted in 13 provinces from October 2014 until April 2015. The data were collected from 1,048 respondents aged 2–5 years in the Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 with completed age and height data. The observed variables were age, sex, immunisation status, history of infection, mother’s height, mother’s age during pregnancy, living area, and region. Results: This research shows that there is a relationship between immunisation status (p = 0.01; OR =1.78; 95% CI = 1.26 < OR < 2.52), mother’s height (p = 0.00; OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00 < OR < 1.98) and stunting in children aged 2–5 years. Conclusion: Immunisation status and mother’s height are associated with stunting in children aged 2–5 years.

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73 Exercise Habit is Associated with Lower Fall Risks among Elderly People Living in Urban Areas

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv18-iv27

Author(s):

Hisayo Yokoyama ◽

Hitoshi Watanabe ◽

Kazumi Saito ◽

Ayane Shibata ◽

Yuta Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Exercise Habit ◽

Functional Reach Test ◽

History Of ◽

Fall Risks ◽

Recent Falls

Abstract In the present super aged society that has limited financial resources for efficient health care for the elderly population, fall prevention is an urgent issue. The present study examined the relationship between exercise habit and fall risks among elderly people living in an urban area. A total of 1,014 elderly people (age: 65–89 years) living in Osaka City were enrolled in this study and assigned to 5 different age groups. The motor abilities of the participants were evaluated by the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, with the cutoff value for fall risk set at 25 cm and 13.5 s, respectively. Exercise habit (≤1 h, 1–2 h, or ≥2 h per week), history of recent falls, and anxiety about falling were also assessed using a questionnaire modified from the checklist by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The results of the FRT and TUG tests were increasingly poorer in higher age groups. History of recent falls and anxiety about falling were also more frequent in higher age groups (all p < .05). The prevalence of exercise habits was similar among the age groups. In the age groups >75 years, there was an association between exercise habit and a decrease in fall risks, based on the FRT results (all p < .05). The mean FRT value of the participants with the greatest exercise habit was equivalent to that of the generation 10 years younger with the lowest exercise habit. There was an association between exercise habit and decreased anxiety about falling (p = .003), but not with a history of recent falls. Our results suggest that exercise should be promoted among elderly people living in urban areas to contribute to fall prevention.

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The Impact of 12-Week Jaques-Dalcroze Eurhythmics Programme on the Dynamic Agility in Single-Dual-Task Conditions in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9080697 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jan Adamczyk ◽

Roman Celka ◽

Rafał Stemplewski ◽

Kinga Ceynowa ◽

Paulina Kamińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Dual Task ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

The Body ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

The Impact

Background. Progressive degenerative changes in the body of elderly people lead to a decrease in physical and mental fitness. Seniors have a problem with performing tasks that involve both physical and mental health at the same time. The risk of falls increases, the consequences of which in old age may be particularly dangerous. It was decided to investigate the impact of performing exercises involving both physical and mental spheres on the dynamic agility in older women. Methods. 73 women (69.9±3.2) were divided into two groups: intervention (IG, n=34) and control (CG, n=39). Individuals with IG participated in the Jaques-Dalcroze Eurhythmics exercise programme for 12 weeks, twice a week for 45 minutes each. Dynamic agility was determined by the Timed Up and Go test, which was conducted both in single-task (TUG_ST) and dual-task (TUG_DT) conditions, where the participant was simultaneously counting down from 60 every 3. The percentage difference between the results of both tests (dual-task cost, DTC) was also determined. Both groups had two measurement sessions: one week before the start of the exercise programme and one week after the end of exercise programme. Results. After 12 weeks of exercise, IG participants obtained significantly better results in TUG_DT (p<0.001) and DTC (p=0.003) tests. During this time, CG participants had significantly worse results in TUG_DT (p<0.001) and DTC (p<0.001) tests. In the TUG_ST test, neither IG nor CG achieved a significant change in the result. In each test, a significant interaction between the group assignment and the measurement session was observed: TUG_ST: F=11.523, η2P=0.139, p=0.001; TUG_DT: F=60.227, η2P=0.458, p<0.001; DTC: F=32.382, η2P=0.313, p<0.001. Conclusion. JDE exercises with a frequency of twice a week, for about 12 weeks, have a significant impact on the improvement of the dynamic agility control in women over 65 years of age.

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42 Fall Brain: Cognitive and Biological Perspectives

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv9-iv12

Author(s):

Joe Verghese

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Clinical Predictors ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Falls In Older Adults ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Risk Factors For Falls ◽

The Relationship

Abstract While many fall prevention strategies targeted against clinical risk factors have been tested, their success in reducing falls has been modest. Current falls research in aging is mostly focused on clinical predictors of falls. Hence, there is a knowledge gap regarding the underlying biological and neural mechanisms of falls. Emerging evidence from our and other studies implicates biological derangements in inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular pathways in the occurrence of disorders of gait, balance, and cognition, which in turn are major risk factors for falls in older adults. A growing understanding of the relationship between cognitive and mobility processes in aging opens up the possibility of novel interventions to improve mobility and reduce risk of falls.

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Depressive Disorders Are Associated With Risk of Falls in People With Chronic Kidney Disease

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association ◽

10.1177/1078390320970648 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107839032097064

Author(s):

Brandon M. Kistler ◽

Jagdish Khubchandani ◽

Paul Bennett ◽

Kenneth R. Wilund ◽

Jacob Sosnoff

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVES People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for falls and fall-related injuries. Depressive disorders (DEP) are common in individuals with CKD and may increase the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. However, not much is known about the relationship between DEP and falls in people with CKD. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of DEP on the relationship between CKD, falls, and fall-related injuries. METHOD Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we identified 16,574 adults with CKD. Patients with CKD were stratified by history of self-reported DEP (SRDEP), and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the odds for falls and fall-related injuries among those with and without SRDEP. RESULTS In unadjusted regression analysis, falls (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 2.08-2.76) and fall-related injuries (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.72-2.59) were higher in individuals with CKD and history of SRDEP compared to those with CKD and no history of SRDEP. Adjustment for confounders had little effect on the relationship between a history of SRDEP and either falls (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.60-2.19) or fall-related injuries (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.26-1.97). CONCLUSIONS People with CKD and DEP are at increased odds for falls and fall-related injuries even after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Prospective studies are warranted to further understand this relationship, but it may be prudent for clinicians, in particular nurses, to consider fall risk when treating DEP in patients with CKD.

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