Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming?

This research analyzes the decisions made by women facing simulated situations of psychological abuse. Seventy-three women (36.9 ± 13.6 years) who had been victims of domestic violence participated. The analysis was based on their coping strategies, early maladaptive schemes, and their decisions in response to vignettes describing the following domestic violence situations: humiliation to women’s maternal identity with children as witnesses and body shaming. We used Student’s t and Mann–Whitney tests to compare the results between groups. The participants presented some coping strategies (social support seeking, wishful thinking, and professional support seeking) and several early maladaptive schemes (emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, social isolation/alienation, failure to achieve, attachment, and subjugation) associated with their reactions facing a situation of humiliation with children as witnesses. When the humiliation was against the body image, their reactions were associated with some coping strategies (wishful thinking, professional support seeking, autonomy, negative auto-focus coping, and positive reappraisal) and one maladaptive scheme (defectiveness/shame). Women who reacted avoidantly showed higher social and professional support seeking but experienced higher indicators of discomfort and deterioration of self-esteem than those who opted for assertive decisions. The presence of children as witnesses seems to be a factor of stress in the configuration of coping strategies and maladaptive schemes in female victims of domestic violence. The evolution of early maladaptive schemes and coping strategies requires observation to avoid the risk of isolation and permanence in victimizing relationships.

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Coping Strategies: Gender Differences and Development throughout Life Span

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39399 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1089-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Meléndez ◽

Teresa Mayordomo ◽

Patricia Sancho ◽

José Manuel Tomás

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Life Span ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Emotional Coping ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking

Development during life-span implies to cope with stressful events, and this coping may be done with several strategies. It could be useful to know if these coping strategies differ as a consequence of personal characteristics. This work uses the Coping with Stress Questionnaire with this aim using a sample of 400 participants. Specifically, the effects of gender and age group (young people, middle age and elderly), as well as its interaction on coping strategies is studied. With regard to age, on one hand, it is hypothesised a decrement in the use of coping strategies centred in problem solving and social support seeking as age increases. On the other hand, the use of emotional coping is hypothesised to increase with age. With respect to gender, it is hypothesised a larger use of emotional coping and social support seeking within women, and a larger use of problem solving within men. A MANOVA found significant effects for the two main effects (gender and age) as well as several interactions. Separate ANOVAs allowed us to test for potential differences in each of the coping strategies measured in the CAE. These results partially supported the hypotheses. Results are discussed in relation to scientific literature on coping, age and gender.

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Coping Strategies Used by Syrian Refugees in Jordan

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773817749724 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 396-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fatmeh Ahmad Alzoubi ◽

Ahmed Mohammad Al-Smadi ◽

Yazeed Mohammad Gougazeh

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Total Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

Study Participants

This study examined the coping strategies used by Syrian refugees in Jordan in relation to their demographics. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a convenient sample of 550 Syrian refugees. Out of all the study participants, 88% reported seeking social support, 64.5% reported using avoidance, and 39.5% reported using problem solving. Participants who were male, single, and younger, and who had a higher education and a higher total income were satisfied with their income, were employed and free of chronic illnesses, and had higher problem-solving scores. Higher social support-seeking scores were associated with being female, older, and widowed; having a lower education and lower total income; being dissatisfied with their income; being nonemployed; and having chronic illnesses. A number of significant predictors were identified for each coping strategy. The results of this study could be used to formulate programs and develop services regarding the stressors encountered by Syrian refugees and their coping strategies.

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Stress and coping strategies in a sample of South African managers involved in post-graduate managerial studies

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v26i1.692 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Judora J. Spangenberg ◽

Mark R. Orpen-Lyall

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

South African ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Avoidant Coping ◽

Work Related ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

And Coping

To examine the relationships between stress levels and, respectively, stressor appraisal, coping strategies and bio- graphical variables, 107 managers completed a biographical questionnaire. Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire, and Coping Strategy Indicator. Significant negative correlations were found between stress levels and appraisal scores on all work-related stressors. An avoidant coping strategy explained significant variance in stress levels in a model also containing social support-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies. It was concluded that an avoidant coping strategy probably contributed to increased stress levels. Female managers experienced significantly higher stress levels and utilized a social support-seeking coping strategy significantly more than male managers did. Opsomming Om die verband tussen stresvlakke en, onderskeidelik, taksering van stressors, streshanteringstrategiee en biografiese veranderlikes te ondersoek, het 107 bestuurders n biografiese vraelys, Ervaring vanWerk- en Lewensomstandighedevraelys en Streshanteringstrategieskaal voltooi. Beduidende negatiewe korrelasies is aangetref tussen stresvlakke en takseringtellings ten opsigte van alle werkverwante stressors. 'nVermydende streshantermgstrategie het beduidende variansie in stresvlakke verklaar in n model wat ook sosiale ondersteuningsoekende en pro-bleemoplossende streshanteringstrategiee ingesluit het. Die gevolgtrekking is bereik dat n vermydende stres- hanteringstrategie waarskynlik bygedra het tot verhoogde stresvlakke. Vroulike bestuurders het beduidend hoer stresvlakke ervaar en het n sosiale ondersteuningsoekende streshanteringstrategie beduidend meer gebnnk as manlike bestuurders.

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Development of Coping Strategies From Childhood to Adolescence

European Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1027/2512-8442/a000005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 18-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Heike Eschenbeck ◽

Steffen Schmid ◽

Ines Schröder ◽

Nicola Wasserfall ◽

Carl-Walter Kohlmann

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Media Use ◽

Avoidant Coping ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking

Abstract. Extensive research exists on coping in children and adolescents. However, developmental issues have only recently started to receive more attention. The present study examined age differences and developmental changes in six coping strategies (social support seeking, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, anger-related emotion regulation, and media use) assessed by a coping questionnaire (German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2006 ) in middle/late childhood and early adolescence. At the initial assessment, 917 children from grades 3 to 7 (age range 8–15 years) were included (cross-sectional sample). Three cohorts (grades 3–5 at baseline) were traced longitudinally over 1½ years with four assessments (longitudinal sample: n = 388). The cross-sectional coping data showed significant effects for grade level in four coping strategies. Older children scored higher in problem solving and media use, and lower in avoidant coping. Seventh graders scored lower than fourth and fifth graders in social support seeking. Longitudinal data confirmed time effects and cohort effects indicating developmental changes. Increases over time were found for problem solving and media use; decreases were found for avoidant coping and anger-related emotion regulation. For social support seeking, an increase within the youngest cohort (grades 3–5) was found. Developmental trends (in cross-sectional and longitudinal data), with especially strong increases for problem solving or declines in avoidant coping in the youngest cohort, differed for the two studied stressful situations (social, academic) but were independent of the child’s gender. To conclude, particularly in the age range of 9–11 years relevant developmental changes toward a more active coping seem to appear.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COPING ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM ON THE MOTHERS OF THE SPECIAL CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

10.36106/gjra/5609597 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

S. Sridevy

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

Special Children

Parenting is a hugely stressful job, and attering a mother of a child with a disability is one of the big stressful life events that can occur. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize coping strategies used by mothers of special children, identify which tools are most frequently used to measure coping strategies in mothers of special children and report on outcomes of useful coping strategies. According to PRISMA guidelines, the articles indexed in PubMed, Web of science, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL database using a combination of expressions including “Coping” AND “Special children” OR “Coping enhancement AND ‘‘Mother”, were searched and analysed. The researcher found that the mothers of special children used more functional coping styles. The most widely used strategy by mothers of special children appears to be social support-seeking. This review underlines that Coping measurement should be adapted to recognize effective strategies which decrease side effects of the reactions to stressful life occurrence.

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Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence: Examining the Roles of Social Support and Internalizing Coping

The Journal of Early Adolescence ◽

10.1177/0272431620931191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 027243162093119

Author(s):

Allie M. Spiekerman ◽

Melissa R. Witkow ◽

Adrienne Nishina

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Peer Victimization ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

The Relationship ◽

Effective Buffer

The purpose of this study was to examine how two coping strategies together moderate the relationship between peer victimization and adjustment among young adolescents. Sixth-grade adolescents from California, Oregon, and Wisconsin ( N = 1,058) self-reported peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and their utilization of social support seeking and internalizing coping. A regression analysis showed a significant three-way interaction between peer victimization, internalizing coping, and social support seeking in predicting depressive symptoms. Further analyses revealed that social support seeking only buffered the negative effects of peer victimization for participants who scored high on internalizing coping. Despite mean-level gender differences in these variables, gender did not moderate this association, suggesting that social support is an effective buffer against depressive symptoms following peer victimization for both boys and girls. These results suggest that attending to the variety of coping strategies adolescents employ simultaneously will help further our understanding of peer victimization outcomes.

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The mediating role of friendship quality in the relationship between anger coping styles and mental health in Chinese adolescents

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407519839146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (11-12) ◽

pp. 3796-3813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rong Shi ◽

Kenneth T. Wang ◽

Zhongyao Xie ◽

Ruiping Zhang ◽

Chang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Friendship Quality ◽

Health Problems ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking

Increasing research studies and data, mostly focused on Western countries, suggest a dynamic relationship between coping with anger and psychological risk factors among children. Although there are cultural variations in anger coping, little attention has been directed among non-Western children. The present study examined the diverse influence of six anger coping styles on friendship quality and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Six competing anger coping strategies were tested as potential predictor variables: direct anger-out, assertion, social support-seeking, diffusion, avoidance, and rumination. Friendship quality was examined as a potential mediator. Mediation analyses were conducted using path analysis. The results indicated that friendship quality fully mediated the influence of social support-seeking on mental health problems, and partially mediated the influence of assertion on mental health problems. Furthermore, the direct anger-out and rumination coping styles directly and positively predicted mental health problems. These findings partially support the Simple Incidental Model suggesting that the influence of anger coping styles on mental health problems is complex, and friendship quality can mediate this influence. The present study points to a malleable target for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at increasing the favorable impact of anger coping strategies on psychological adjustment during the developmentally critical period of adolescence.

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The relationship between the secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism and their coping strategies

Організаційна психологія Економічна психологія ◽

10.31108/2.2020.4.21.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (21) ◽

pp. 110-117

Author(s):

Yulia Snigur ◽

Keyword(s):

Secondary Education ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Coping Behavior ◽

Education Institution ◽

Psychological Types ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Activity

Introduction. The need for effective coping strategies to be used by the principals of secondary education institutions necessitates the study of the psychological factors associated with the coping strategies, in particular, secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism. Aim: to investigate the relationship between the secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism and their coping strategies. Mehods. N. Vodopyanova and N. Stein Otimism and Activity Scale and the Coping Behavior in Stressful Situations by Norman, D. Endler, D. James, and M. Parker (adapted by T. Krukova). Results. The secondary education institution principals were found to have low activity and optimism. In relation to the levels of their activity and optimism, the secondary education institution principals were divided into "realists", "passive optimists", "passive pessimists", and "active pessimists". Secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism had positive statistically significant relationships with such principals' coping strategies as “social support seeking” and “avoidance”, and a negative statistically significant relationship with the coping strategy called "emotional orientation" (according to the psychological types of secondary education institution principals). Conclusions. The findings can facilitate secondary education institution principals' choice of effective coping strategies.

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