scholarly journals Isokinetic and Isometric Assessment of the Knee Joint Extensors and Flexors of Professional Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6780
Author(s):  
Piotr Wilkosz ◽  
Jaroslaw Kabacinski ◽  
Krzysztof Mackala ◽  
Michal Murawa ◽  
John Ostarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Knee Flexors

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of muscle strength by using isokinetic and isometric measurements—more specifically, the force ratio between the knee flexors and extensors (values of the torques). Methods: An experimental group of elite volleyball players (n = 14) were compared to a control group (n = 14) of healthy non-athletes of comparable ages. Torque measurements were obtained under three concentric conditions (angular velocities of 60 °/s, 180 °/s, and 300 °/s) and one static condition by utilizing the Biodex System 3. Results: In all trials, the volleyball players achieved significantly higher peak torque (PT) values for both the extensors and flexors (p < 0.05) than those of the control group. However, the strength ratio of the flexors and extensors (H/Q) in the experimental group was only 83% of the standard reported in the literature. The most developed and dominating muscles in the knee joints of the volleyball players were the extensors, which accounted for the low strength ratio and dynamic instability of this joint. Conclusion: Based on a proper assessment of the strength ratio of the knee flexors and extensors, properly selected and implemented resistance training can improve the maximum strength and power production and reduce the incidence of injuries in volleyball.

scholarly journals The effects of 20-m repeated sprint training on aerobic capacity in college volleyball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerimhan Kaynak ◽  
Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz ◽  
Sami Aydoğan ◽  
Dimitar Mihailov
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Experimental Group

Summary Study aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program in addition to volleyball training on the aerobic capacity of college volleyball players. Materials and methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years) or a control (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.6 years) group. Both groups followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for 6 weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. The repeated sprint training consisted of 1-3 sets of 5 × 20 m maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery between sprints and 4 min of passive recovery between sets. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion, and the repeated sprint test (10 × 20 m with a 20‑second recovery between each sprint).Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in VO2max (+7.1 ± 4.8%; p = 0.001) and running time to exhaustion (+15.8 ± 6.8%; p = 0.004) after training. The best 20-m sprint time (−2.3 ± 2.5%; p = 0.029), mean sprint time (−5.3 ± 3.1%; p = 0.001) and fatigue index (−34.1 ± 28.2%; p = 0.012) also improved significantly in the experimental group. None of these variables changed significantly in the control group (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The current findings indicate that the addition of a repeated sprint training program can improve both the aerobic capacity and anaerobic performance of college volleyball players.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Strength Profile of Elite Female Handball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Xaverova ◽  
Johannes Dirnberger ◽  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Jan Belka ◽  
Herbert Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
Knee Flexors ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract Systematic assessment of muscle strength of the lower extremities throughout the annual training cycle in athletes is crucial from a performance perspective for the optimization of the training process, as well as a health perspective with regard to injury prevention. The main aim of the present study was to determine isokinetic muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors in female handball players at the beginning of a preparatory period and to assess whether there were any differences between players of different performance levels. The performance level was expressed by means of membership of the Women’s Junior National Handball Team (JNT, n=8) or the Women’s National Handball Team (NT, n=9). The isokinetic peak torque during concentric and eccentric single-joint knee flexion and extension was measured at angular velocities of 60, 180, 240°/s (concentric) and 60°/s (eccentric). The Mann- Whitney test showed no significant differences in the peak torques or ipsilateral ratios between the two groups. The bilateral force deficit (BFD) for concentric extension at 240°/s was significantly higher in the JNT compared with the NT (p=0.04; d=1.02). However, the results of individual evaluation show that the BFD was more frequent in the NT in most measurements. A high BFD was evident in the eccentric mode in both groups highlighting a need for particular strengthening. With regard to low strength ratios a prevention programme should be suggested for both observed groups of professional female handball players to reduce the risk of injury.

scholarly journals Effect of Skill Related Training on Skill Performance among Volleyball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-05
Author(s):  
S.SATHISH KUMAR ◽  
G.Vinod KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Science College ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Passing Ability ◽  
Static Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Initially called 'Mintonette', the sport of volleyball was designed in 1895 by William G Morgan, in Holyoke, Massachusetts at a YMCA. The modern volleyball is highly specialized in almost all the major skills of volleyball. It is a sport for young and old for men and women. The character of volleyball is altogether not quite the same as that of different games discipline. In order to find the effect of skill related training on skill performance among volleyball players. To find the skill performance the study is being framed. Total 40 students from YMCA College of physical education and Nandanam Arts and Science College, Chennai, has taken as samples for the study and 12 weeks of training have given for 5 days a week. With the help of various literatures for Skill related training the training is being framed. For Skill related variables the following Test were conducted- Russel Lange Volleyball Test for Serving Ability, Brady Volleyball Test for attacking ability, Helman Volleyball (forearm) Test for forearm/dig passing and Helman Volleyball (Face pass/overhead pass) Test. To compare the skill related performance of volleyball player’s independent t-test will be employed. The significance level will be set as p<0.05. For Experimental Design the static group comparison design was used for the study. To compare the selected skill related variables ANCOVA is being used at the significant level of 0.05. It is concluded that the effect of skill related training for volleyball players has improved the Attacking ability, serving ability, Forearm and Overhead passing ability significantly. It is concluded that the Experimental group was significantly improved than the control group.

scholarly journals Combined impact method in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of female volleyball players aged 18–19 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Roman Boichuk ◽  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Oleh Vintoniak ◽  
Tetiana Yermakova
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Group A ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Combined Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and Study Aim. The work aim is to develop and experimentally test the combined impact method performance in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of 18–19 year old volleyball players (girls). Material and Methods. The study involved volleyball players (girls) aged 18–19 years old (n = 24, training experience – 9 years). Volleyball players (girls) were divided into control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12) groups. Results. The method contributed to a higher rate of growth of most parameters of special readiness among volleyball players (girls) of the experimental group. A significant improvement in special readiness (p <0.05) was revealed for all parameters in both groups. In the experimental group, an improvement (p <0.001) was observed for 8 out of 11 parameters. In the control group, a significant improvement in the results (p <0.001) occurred in 3 cases out of 11. A significant improvement in speed and strength training parameters (p <0.001) was revealed: in 3 out of 4 cases (experimental group); in 1 out of 4 cases (control group). The quality of performance of the game basic techniques improved by: 4–22% (p <0.04–0.001 in experimental group) 4–11% (p <0.05–0.02 in control group). Conclusions. It is advisable to devote more time to the development of more significant motor abilities of volleyball players (girls) (speed, speed and strength, dexterity and coordination). It is advisable to improve endurance in combination with the development of other motor abilities and in the process of technical and tactical improvement. In the physical training of volleyball players (girls), it is advisable to use as many training means as possible, which are similar to the main game techniques according to spatio–temporal and dynamic characteristics. Movements with load contribute to the development of intermuscular coordination and allow to quickly form the correct idea of the trained motor action.  

scholarly journals Differences in Trunk Strength Between Weightlifters and Wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Ben Moussa Zouita ◽  
Sghaier Zouita ◽  
Catherine Dziri ◽  
Matt Brughelli ◽  
David G. Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trunk Extension ◽  
Trunk Strength

AbstractInvestigations of trunk strength with high-level athletes are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare maximal concentric isokinetic trunk extension and flexion torque, power, and strength ratios between high-level weightlifters (n = 20), wrestlers (n = 20) and a control (n = 25) population. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque, power and strength ratios during seated trunk extension/flexion actions at 60°/s and 180°/s. There were no significant anthropometric differences between groups. Overall, trunk isokinetic force variables as a function of the increase in angular velocity, showed a decrease in peak torque, but an increase in power (athletes and controls). Compared to the control group, athletes demonstrated significantly higher trunk extension torque (+67.05 N·m, ES = 0.81) and power (+49.28 N·m, ES = 0.82) at 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. Athletes produced significantly greater trunk flexion-extension ratios at 60°/s and 180°/s (ES = 0.80-0.47) than controls. Weightlifters and wrestlers exhibited significantly higher extensor than flexor torque at all angular velocities. Weightlifters demonstrated greater torque (ES = 0.79) than wrestlers at 60°/s. The wrestlers’ average power was significantly higher (ES = 0.43) than weightlifters at 180°/s. There were no significant ratio differences between wrestlers (66.23%) and weightlifters (72.06%). Weightlifters had stronger extensor muscles at 60°/s, whereas wrestlers had higher power at 180°/s for extensor muscles. It was postulated that the extensor muscles were stronger than the flexors to ensure trunk stabilisation, and for prevention of injuries. These differences seem to be associated to the movements that occur in each sport in terms of both muscle actions and contractile forces.

scholarly journals Assessment of development of adolescent volleyball players’ jumping ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raini Stamm ◽  
Meelis Stamm ◽  
Madis Mets
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Jump Ability ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to find the influence of Prof. A. Belyayev and L. Bulykina’s a month-and-a-half vertical jumping ability development programme on adolescent volleyball players aged 12–14 years. The subjects in the experimental group were 15 adolescent volleyball players whose mean age was 12.9 years – 7 boys whose initial mean running jump result was 52.9 cm and 8 girls whose mean running jump result was 36.9 cm. The control group consisted of 13 players – 3 boys whose initial mean running jump result was 54.3 cm and 10 girls whose mean running jump result was 47 cm. The study consists of three parts; in the first part, the subjects’ anthropometric variables and running and standing jump ability were measured. Thereafter, the volleyball players of the experimental group attended a programme that lasted for 54 days, after which the children’s anthropometric variables and jumping ability were measured again. The results showed that the vertical jumping ability development programme proved effective. It improved girls’ and boys’ mean vertical standing jump result by 6.8 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 6.5 cm. Boys improved their vertical standing jump result by 6.2 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 7.8 cm. Girls’ vertical standing jump result improved by 7.4 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 5.1 cm; the changes were statistically significant. In the control group, jumping ability did not change statistically significantly, considering the mean results of the groups. A. V. Belyayev and L. Bulykina’s jumping ability development programme proved to be suitable to be used in an adapted version for developing 12–14-year-old volleyball players’ vertical jumping ability.

The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Durall ◽  
George J Davies ◽  
Thomas W Kernozek ◽  
Mark H Gibson ◽  
Dennis CW Fater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyazi Eniseler ◽  
Çağatay Şahan ◽  
Hikmet Vurgun ◽  
Hasan Mavi
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Knee Flexors

Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer PlayersThere are not enough studies that describe the isokinetic strength of professional soccer players at high angular velocities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal changes in isokinetic strength of Turkish professional soccer players (n=14) over the course of a 24-week soccer season. The isokinetic strength of players who underwent usual soccer training and weekly competition throughout the soccer season was assessed by means of the Biodex System 3 dynamometer with the knee attachment. The peak torque of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at angular velocities of 60°/s, 300°/s and 500°/s. Players were tested at the beginning and end of the competitive season. While the first- and second-test measurements did not show significant changes at 60°/s and 300°/s angular velocities, at the end of the training period, players' knee strength changed significantly at 500°/s angular velocities. In addition, the H/Q ratio improved significantly for the dominant as well as non-dominant leg at 500°/s. Significant bilateral strength improvements for knee flexors were also observed at 500°/s. The findings of this study suggest that usual daily soccer training (technical, tactical, power, strength, endurance, flexibility, etc.) and weekly competition might produce changes in knee strength at high angular velocities.

scholarly journals Development of a device for cleansing cow udder teats and testing it under industrial conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1 (109)) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Andriy Paliy ◽  
Elchyn Aliiev ◽  
Anatoliy Paliy ◽  
Katerina Ishchenko ◽  
Oksana Shkromada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Group

Preparing cows for milking is one of the most important operations. Not only the speed of milk production but also the quality of milk depends on the level of the work performed. One of the most effective ways to mechanize the preparation of cows for milking implies the development of a special mechanical brush that cleans and stimulates the teat skin. As a result, there is no need to use additional foam detergents and napkins to cleanse and disinfect teats. A device has been designed for cleansing teats with two rotating brushes. Theoretical studies of the interaction of cleansing elements of the device for mechanical removal of pollutants from the udder teats in the course of milking operation were carried out. Assuming constancy of the modulus of elasticity, shape and roughness of teats, linear and angular velocities of brushes, nap stiffness, and homogeneity of physical and mechanical properties of contaminants on the teat, dependence of force Fe of the mechanical device on length l of the cleansing element and its speed ω was established. Under the condition that force Fe of the mechanical device is smaller than force Fp which causes pain but greater than the force retaining pollutants (adhesion), values of the main design and technological parameters of the developed device were determined: l=8 mm, ω=106 rpm. As a result of production tests, it was found that when using the developed device, the daily milk yield of the experimental group of cows exceeded that of the control group by an average of 1.1 times which has made it possible to obtain a supplement of 132.5 kg of milk. Along with this, there was a 0.19 % increase in milk fat content in the experimental group compared to the control group. The number of microorganisms decreased 2.2 times and the number of contaminant particles decreased 4.6 times

Sensorimotor Adaptation Training’s Effect on Head Stabilization in Response to a Lateral Perturbation in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina R. Buccello-Stout ◽  
Ronita L. Cromwell ◽  
Jacob J. Bloomberg ◽  
Elbert B. Whorton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Head Stabilization ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Experimental Group

The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to sensorimotor adaptation training improved head stabilization in older adults. Sixteen participants, age 66–81 yr, were assigned at random to the control group (n= 8) or the experimental group (n= 8). Both groups first completed 6 trials of walking a foam pathway consisting of a moveable platform that induced a lateral perturbation during walking. Head-in-space and trunk-in-space angular velocities were collected. Participants from both groups then trained twice per week for 4 wk. Both groups walked on a treadmill for 20 min. The control group viewed a static scene. The experimental group viewed a rotating visual scene that provided a perceptual-motor mismatch. After training, both groups were retested on the perturbation pathway test. The experimental group used a movement strategy that preserved head stabilization compared with the controls (p< .05). This training effect was not retained after 4 wk.

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