scholarly journals Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Taiwan Cancer Registry 1980–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7521
Author(s):  
Yi-Jen Fang ◽  
Hung-Yi Chuang ◽  
Chih-Hong Pan ◽  
Yu-Yin Chang ◽  
Yawen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupational Cohort

Asbestos has been recognized as a human carcinogen associated with malignant mesothelioma, cancers of lung, larynx, and ovary. However, a putative association between gastric cancer and asbestos exposure remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to explore gastric cancer risk of workers potentially exposed to asbestos in Taiwan. The asbestos occupational cohort was established from 1950 to 2015 based on the Taiwan Labor Insurance Database, and Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency regulatory datasets, followed by the Taiwan Cancer Registry for the period 1980–2015. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancer were computed for the whole cohort using reference rates of the general population, and also reference labor population. Compared with the general population, SIR of the asbestos occupational cohort for the gastric cancer increased both in males (1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.09) and females (1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18). A total of 123 worksites were identified to have cases of malignant mesothelioma, where increased risk for gastric cancer was found with a relative risk of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.63–1.90). This 35-year retrospective cohort study of asbestos-exposed workers in Taiwan may provide support for an association between occupational exposure to asbestos and gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline in the general and COPD population with and without psychiatric disorders: a retrospective cohort study in a real-world setting

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042417
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Jens H. Bos ◽  
Catharina C.M. Schuiling-Veninga ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
Job F. M. van Boven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Real World ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesTo evaluate the real-world association between varenicline and neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population with and without psychiatric disorders compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to strengthen the knowledge of varenicline safety.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrescription database IADB.nl, the Netherlands.ParticipantsNew users of varenicline or NRT among general (≥18 years) and COPD (≥40 years) population. Psychiatric subcohort was defined as people prescribed psychotropic medications (≥2) within 6 months before the index date.Outcome measuresThe incidence of NPAEs including depression, anxiety and insomnia, defined by new or naive prescriptions of related medications in IADB.nl within 24 weeks after the first treatment initiation of varenicline or NRT.ResultsFor the general population in non-psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs in varenicline (4480) and NRT (1970) groups was 10.5% and 12.6%, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). For the general population in psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs was much higher, 75.3% and 78.5% for varenicline (1427) and NRT (1200) groups, respectively (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99). For the COPD population (1598), there were no differences in the incidence of NPAEs between comparison groups in both the psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.44) and non-psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.20). Results from subgroup or sensitivity analyses also did not reveal increased risks of NPAEs but showed decreased risk of some subgroup NPAEs associated with varenicline.ConclusionsIn contrast to the concerns of a possible increased risk of NPAEs among varenicline users, we found a relative decreased risk of total NPAEs in varenicline users of the general population in psychiatric or non-psychiatric cohorts compared with NRT and no difference for NPAEs between varenicline and NRT users in smaller population with COPD.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110251
Author(s):  
Minqiang Huang ◽  
Ming Han ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Lei Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Stress Ulcer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ulcer Prophylaxis

Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusions Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.

scholarly journals Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes by Degree of Maternal Serum Analyte Elevation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. e369-e379
Author(s):  
Amanda Yeaton-Massey ◽  
Rebecca J. Baer ◽  
Larry Rand ◽  
Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski ◽  
Deirdre J. Lyell
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Obstetric Complication ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antenatal Management ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate rates of preterm birth (PTB) and obstetric complication with maternal serum analytes > 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) by degree of elevation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton live-births participating in the California Prenatal Screening Program (2005–2011) examining PTB and obstetric complication for α-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin A (INH) by analyte subgroup (2.5 to < 6.0, 6.0 to < 10.0, and ≥ 10.0 MoM vs. < 2.5 MoM). Results The risk of obstetric complication increased with increasing hCG, AFP, and INH MoM, and were greatest for AFP and INH of 6.0 to <10.0 MoM. The greatest risk of any adverse outcome was seen for hCG MoM ≥ 10.0, with relative risk (RR) of PTB < 34 weeks of 40.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.7–77.0) and 13.8 (95% CI: 8.2–23.1) for obstetric complication. Conclusions In euploid, structurally normal fetuses, all analyte elevations > 2.5 MoM confer an increased risk of PTB and, except for uE3, obstetric complication, and risks for each are not uniformly linear. These data can help guide patient counseling and antenatal management.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women with Gynecologic Cancers—A Population Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3127
Author(s):  
Szu-Chia Liao ◽  
Hong-Zen Yeh ◽  
Chi-Sen Chang ◽  
Wei-Chih Chen ◽  
Chih-Hsin Muo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Increased Risk

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC) risk for women with gynecologic malignancy using insurance claims data of Taiwan. We identified patients who survived cervical cancer (N = 25,370), endometrial cancer (N = 8149) and ovarian cancer (N = 7933) newly diagnosed from 1998 to 2010, and randomly selected comparisons (N = 165,808) without cancer, matched by age and diagnosis date. By the end of 2011, the incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of CRC were estimated. We found that CRC incidence rates were 1.26-, 2.20-, and 1.61-fold higher in women with cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers, respectively, than in comparisons (1.09/1000 person–years). The CRC incidence increased with age. Higher adjusted HRs of CRC appeared within 3 years for women with endometrial and ovarian cancers, but not until the 4th to 7th years of follow up for cervical cancer survivals. Cancer treatments could reduce CRC risks, but not significantly. However, ovarian cancer patients receiving surgery alone had an incidence of 3.33/1000 person–years for CRC with an adjusted HR of 3.79 (95% CI 1.11–12.9) compared to patients without any treatment. In conclusion, gynecologic cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing CRC, sooner for those with endometrial or ovarian cancer than those with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus and Bacillus cereus at a university in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China 2018: a retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwan Chen ◽  
Yongjin Li ◽  
Jinchang Lv ◽  
Xiufeng Liu ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background On September 4, 2018, a boarding school in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China reported an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. At least 209 suspected students caused of diarrhea and vomiting. The case was investigated, and control measures were taken to prevent further spread. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the school students and staff in order to test hypothesis that high risk of food served at the school canteen. We collected information on demographics, refectory records, person to person transmission by uniform epidemiological questionnaire. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Stool specimens of cases and canteen employees, retained food, water, and environmental swabs were investigated by laboratory analysis. Results We identified 209 cases (including 28 laboratory-confirmed cases) which occurred from August 29 to September 10. All cases were students, and the average age was 20, 52% were male. The outbreak lasted for 13 days, and peaked on September 5. Consumption of Drinks stall and Rice flour stall on September 1 (RR:3.4, 95%CI:1.5–7.8, and RR:7.6, 95%CI:2.8–20.2), Rice flour stall and Fish meal stall on September 2 (RR:4.0, 95%CI:1.2–13.6, and RR:4.6, 95%CI:1.7–12.5), muslim meal stall on September 4 (RR:2.7, 95%CI:1.3–5.4), Barbeque stall on September 5 (RR:3.0, 95%CI:1.2–7.0) were independently associated with increased risk of disease within the following 2 days. Among 35 specimens of rectal swabs or feces from students, 28 specimens were positive. Norovirus GI.6 alone was detected in 23 specimens, Bacillus cereus alone in 3 specimens and both norovirus GI.6 and Bacillus cereus in 2 specimens. Ten specimens of rectal swabs from canteen employees were positive for norovirus GI, and 2 specimens were positive for Bacillus cereus. Four retained food specimens were positive for Bacillus cereus, and environmental samples were negative for any viruses or bacteria. Conclusion Our investigation indicated that canteen employees were infected by two pathogens (norovirus and Bacillus cereus) and transmission may have been possible due to unhygienic practices. Student consumption of food or drink at high-risk stalls was determined as the probable cause of the outbreak.

Association between acute psychiatric bed availability in the Veterans Health Administration and veteran suicide risk: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2020-012975
Author(s):  
Peter J Kaboli ◽  
Matthew R Augustine ◽  
Bjarni Haraldsson ◽  
Nicholas M Mohr ◽  
M Bryant Howren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundVeteran suicides have increased despite mental health investments by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).ObjectiveTo examine relationships between suicide and acute inpatient psychiatric bed occupancy and other community, hospital and patient factors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using administrative and publicly available data for contextual community factors. The study sample included all veterans enrolled in VHA primary care in 2011–2016 associated with 111 VHA hospitals with acute inpatient psychiatric units. Acute psychiatric bed occupancy, as a measure of access to care, was the main exposure of interest and was categorised by quarter as per cent occupied using thresholds of ≤85%, 85.1%–90%, 90.1%–95% and >95%. Hospital-level analyses were conducted using generalised linear mixed models with random intercepts for hospital, modelling number of suicides by quarter with a negative binomial distribution.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2016, the national incidence of suicide among enrolled veterans increased from 39.7 to 41.6 per 100 000 person-years. VHA psychiatric bed occupancy decreased from a mean of 68.2% (IQR 56.5%–82.2%) to 65.4% (IQR 53.9%–79.9%). VHA hospitals with the highest occupancy (>95%) in a quarter compared with ≤85% had an adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) for suicide of 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.19); no increased risk was observed for 85.1%–90% (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.03) or 90.1%–95% (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.04) compared with ≤85% occupancy. Of hospital and community variables, suicide risk was not associated with number of VHA or non-VHA psychiatric beds or amount spent on community mental health. Suicide risk increased by age categories, seasons, geographic regions and over time.ConclusionsHigh VHA hospital occupancy (>95%) was associated with a 10% increased suicide risk for veterans whereas absolute number of beds was not, suggesting occupancy is an important access measure. Future work should clarify optimal bed occupancy to meet acute psychiatric needs and ensure adequate bed distribution.

Increased risk of pyogenic liver abscess in patients with alcohol intoxication: A population-based retrospective cohort study

Alcohol ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Chien Wang ◽  
Kai-Wei Yang ◽  
Tien-Ying Peter Lee ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Geng-Wang Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Increased Standardised Incidence Ratio of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Taiwanese Asbestos Workers: A 29-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Ying Chang ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective. This paper aimed to determine the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in workers exposed to asbestos in Taiwan.Methods. All workers employed in asbestos-related factories and registered by the Bureau of Labour Insurance between 1 March, 1950, and 31 December, 1989, were included in the study and were followed from 1 January, 1980, through 31 December, 2009. Incident cases of all cancers, including MPM (ICD-9 code: 163), were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. SIRs were calculated based on comparison with the incidence rate of the general population of Taiwan and adjusted for age, calendar period, sex, and duration of employment.Results. The highest SIR of MPM was found for male workers first employed before 1979, with a time since first employment more than 30 years (SIR 4.52, 95% CI: 2.25–8.09). After consideration of duration of employment, the SIR for male MPM was 5.78 (95% CI: 1.19–16.89) for the workers employed for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.Conclusions. This study corroborates the association between occupational asbestos exposure and MPM. The highest risk of MPM was found among male asbestos workers employed before 1979 and working for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.

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