scholarly journals I Need a Doctor, Call Me a Doctor: Attachment and the Evaluation of General Practitioners before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7914
Author(s):  
Dritjon Gruda ◽  
Konstantinos Kafetsios
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Post Onset

Attachment is a system of threat regulation, and insecure (anxious and avoidant) attachment orientations are important individual difference antecedents to the cognitive and affective attributions of trait inferences. However, little is known about how threat-related contexts, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, influence attachment-related socio-cognitive schemas. Using an experimental research design across two independent samples of 330 (pre-onset of COVID-19) and 233 (post-onset of COVID-19) participants, we tested whether attachment orientations influenced general practitioner (GP) ratings and selection differently pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, when presented with only negative information signals, avoidant individuals attributed positive ratings to GPs, with differing ratings as the number of positive signals increased. Differences between pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were less pronounced with regards to positive signals. We discuss these results in line with signal detection theory (SDT) and provide practical implications in response to our findings.

Understanding the mobile payment technology acceptance based on valence theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Bulent Ozturk ◽  
Anil Bilgihan ◽  
Saba Salehi-Esfahani ◽  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Valence Theory ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine factors affecting restaurant customers’ intention to use near field communication (NFC)-based mobile payment (MP) technology. More specifically, based on the valence theory, this paper examined the impacts of users’ negative valence (perceived risk and privacy concern) and positive valence (utilitarian value and convenience) perceptions toward their NFC-MP technology acceptance. Furthermore, the impacts of individual difference variables (smartphone affinity and compatibility) on users’ negative and positive valences and on their behavioral intentions were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect the data of the study from 412 restaurant customers. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the measurement model. To test the hypothesized model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Findings The study findings demonstrated that privacy concern, utilitarian value and convenience significantly affected individuals’ NFC-MP technology acceptance. In addition, compatibility significantly influenced negative and positive valance constructs and smartphone affinity had a positive impact on positive valance constructs only. Practical implications This study provides valuable practical implications for restaurant operators and hospitality technology vendors in the context of mobile payment systems. Originality/value This study successfully extended the valence framework by adding individual difference constructs to it.

The effect of the valence of sponsorship information on consumers’ attitudes toward the sponsor brand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dick
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Better Than

Purpose To date, research on sponsorship considers the effects of only positive or only negative sponsorship information on consumers’ attitudes toward the sponsor brand. However, in practice, sometimes mixed information (positive and negative) is available that influences consumers’ sponsor evaluations. To mirror the information situation of the real world, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how the valence of sponsorship information (only positive vs mixed vs only negative) and the strength of sponsorship information (weak vs strong) influence the consumers’ attitudes toward the sponsor brand. Design/methodology/approach This research uses an experimental research design (n=210). Data were collected among students of a German university. Findings The results reveal that when the strength of information was weak, attitudes in the mixed information condition were not significantly worse than in the only positive condition and significantly better than in the only negative condition. In addition, when the strength of information was strong, attitudes in the mixed information condition were significantly worse than in the only positive condition and significantly better than in the only negative condition. Practical implications This study offers several practical recommendations regarding the sponsors’ evaluation of their investments and the decision to maintain or exit the sponsorship of a controversial object. Originality/value This study expands the research on the effects of available sponsorship information on consumers’ sponsor evaluation. The present research highlights the effects of different types of sponsorship information on consumers’ attitudes and considers the strength of information as a boundary condition of these effects.

DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING OF THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL ETHICAL STANDARDS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Singer ◽  
Alexander Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Differential Encoding ◽  
Specific Research Question ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
Practical Implications

This study explored the encoding salience of the two fundamental ethical standards of extrinsic utility and intrinsic duty. The specific research question was: “To what extent are the two key notions of human good encoded in distinctive cognitive schemas?” The release-fromproactive- interference (RPI) experimental paradigm in memory research was used to address the question. Words in the conceptual categories of “money” and “morals” were selected to denote the utilitarian and deontological notions respectively. Results show a significant release in recall when words were shifted from one notion to the other. The theoretical and practical implications of the differential encoding of the two ethical standards are then discussed.

Learning by discovery: what is learned?

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Bert Y. Kersh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Student Learn ◽  
Science Educators ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Learning By Discovery ◽  
Mathematics And Science

It goes almost without saying that discovery learning is in vogue today, especially where mathematics and science educators are concerned. This observation is supported by the substantial curriculum efforts in mathematics and science [1, 2, 3, 4]†, and by the programmatic research endeavors on cognition [5], not to mention the numerous independent efforts by researchers over the country. The reason for tills is not entirely clear to me, however, so I would like to consider what is known about discovery learning that has some basis in experimental research. Specifically, I will attempt to a nswer the question, “What does the student learn when he discovers a principle or generalization in mathematics independently tha t he may not learn when taught these same principles or generalizations directly?” Then I would like to suggest some practical implications.

Children’s Motivation for Participation in and Withdrawal from Sport: Identifying the Missing Links

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen R. Weiss ◽  
Linda M. Petlichkoff
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Program Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Practical Implications

Children’s reasons for participating in sport as well as their reasons for discontinuing involvement have been extensively studied over the last decade. However, a complete understanding of the underlying processes influencing these phenomena has been clouded by failing to consider a number of individual difference and contextual factors related to sport participation. These missing links include participant status group differences, program type, level of intensity, type of sport, particular reasons for attrition, multiple assessments across a season, developmental differences, and the social structure surrounding the sport experience. Future research possibilities and practical implications for pediatric educators are provided.

Understanding managerial ambidexterity: a people–situation interaction approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifang Wang ◽  
Patrick Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
Functional Experience ◽  
Interaction Approach ◽  
Micro Foundations ◽  
And Training ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeIt is increasingly recognised that managers play a central role in organisational ambidexterity. While some scholars have recently begun to explain the nature and antecedents of ambidextrous behaviour among managers, much remains to be learned about the micro-foundations of this behaviour. Adopting a people–situation interaction approach, this paper investigates the antecedents to managerial ambidexterity from both situational and individual difference considerations.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative approach using a combination of survey and archival data from 305 managers.FindingsThe results indicate that learning goal orientation is positively related with managerial ambidexterity, whereas there is no significant relationship between functional experience breadth and managerial ambidexterity. In testing moderation effects, discretionary slack is found to positively moderate the association between learning goal orientation and ambidexterity and between functional experiences and ambidexterity.Practical implicationsThis paper provides suggestions on employees selection and training, along with organisational support, in enacting managerial ambidexterity.Originality/valueGuided by individual difference theory, this paper adds value to one’s understanding of the antecedents to managerial ambidexterity. It contributes to the ambidexterity literature from the micro-foundation perspective.

scholarly journals Attached to dating apps: Attachment orientations and preferences for dating apps

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Chin ◽  
Robin S. Edelstein ◽  
Philip A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Attachment Orientation

Our study examines attachment-related differences in the use of dating applications (dating apps). We collected online survey data regarding people’s attachment orientation and dating app preferences. People with a more anxious attachment orientation were more likely to report using dating apps than people lower in anxious attachment; people with a more avoidant attachment orientation were less likely to report using dating apps than people lower in avoidant attachment. Participants who used dating apps cited Tinder, OkCupid, and Plenty of Fish as those most commonly used. The most common reason people reported for using apps was to meet others, and the most common reason people reported for not using apps was difficulty trusting people online. Our findings suggest that individual differences in attachment may be relevant for understanding online behavior, and that dating apps might be a fruitful avenue for future research on attachment-related differences.

Developmental and Individual Differences in Children's Ability to Distinguish Reality from Fantasy

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Dierker ◽  
Barbara Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Better Than

The present study focuses on children's developing ability to categorize real and pretend events, their understanding regarding the permanence of the state of pretense, and the potential effects that emotional tones have on these abilities. Children's involvement in imagination was also assessed as a possible factor contributing to individual differences in reality/fantasy understanding. Sixty male and female children selected from university preschool and kindergarten classes judged happy, neutral, and frightening pictures selected from children's books according to whether they believed that the event could happen in real life. Findings show that kindergartners perform significantly better than preschoolers in distinguishing real from pretend events. Overall, children made significantly fewer correct distinctions between reality and fantasy for the frightening pictures than for both the happy and neutral pictures. Individual difference analyses between children judged to be differentially involved in fantasy did not reveal any differences in their ability to distinguish between real and pretend events. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals If-Then Planning in Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Maik Bieleke ◽  
Wanja Wolff ◽  
Chris Englert ◽  
Peter M. Gollwitzer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. If-then planning (implementation intentions) describes a self-regulatory strategy that helps people to attain their goals across a variety of domains, such as achieving physical activity goals. Based on such beneficial effects, if-then plans are anecdotally discussed as a strategy to enhance sports-related performance as well. However, this discussion currently lacks an empirical basis. We therefore conducted a scoping review to identify experimental research on the effects of if-then planning on sports-related performance, potential moderators of these effects, the methodological approaches used, and the suitability of the available evidence for assessing the effectiveness of if-then planning in sports. Based on a search of four online databases, we identified a set of 11 studies that investigated if-then planning in experimental research with sports-related performance as an outcome measure. Six of these studies focused on if-then planning in endurance tasks, whereas the remaining studies investigated sports performance in domains that do not revolve primarily around endurance (e. g., tennis, golf, darts). The samples were often small and comprised university students; the conclusions drawn regarding the effectiveness of if-then planning for improving sports-related performance were rather heterogeneous. Still, most studies did shed light on tentative mechanisms (e. g., perceptions of effort and pain, arousal) and moderators (e. g., athletes’ beliefs about their performance limits, the feasibility of the behavior) of if-then planning in sports, guiding future research regarding the question of when and for whom if-then planning might be a beneficial strategy. Based on these findings, we identify the potentials and pitfalls of using if-then plans to enhance sports-related performance, discuss promising routes for future research, and derive practical implications for athletes and coaches.

Interparental conflict and relational attitudes within romantic relationships: The mediating role of attachment orientations

2022 ◽  
pp. 026540752110616
Author(s):  
Rami Tolmacz ◽  
Rachel Bachner-Melman ◽  
Lilac Lev-Ari ◽  
Karen Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Avoidant Attachment

Early experiences and childhood perceptions of interparental conflict (IPC) have consistently been shown to have detrimental consequences for future psychological adjustment, in particular for attachment and couple relationships during adolescence and adulthood. We hypothesized that 1. IPC would predict anxious and avoidant attachment styles, and three relational attitudes associated with couple relationships: sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity; and 2. Attachment style would mediate the associations between IPC and these three relational attitudes. Measures of perceived IPC, attachment orientations, relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity in romantic relationships were completed online by 280 young adults aged 19–32. IPC was positively correlated with anxious and avoidant attachment styles, restricted and inflated sense of entitlement, and pathological concern and negatively with authenticity. A structural equations model showed that IPC predicted avoidant and anxious attachment styles, which positively predicted an inflated and restricted sense of relational entitlement and pathological concern and negatively predicted authenticity. Attachment styles fully mediated the relationships between IPC and the relational attitudes. IPC therefore seems to be related to imbalanced attitudes in romantic relationships, due in part to a propensity toward insecure attachment orientations. Children with insecure attachment who are exposed to significant levels of IPC may be at high risk for relationship problems later in life because of difficulties exposing their vulnerability, assessing need fulfillment realistically, and caring for themselves as well as others. They should therefore be helped to communicate their relational needs to significant others, in particular to their partners.

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